270 research outputs found
The Next Generation: Aspects of Grammatical Variation in the Speech of some London Preadolescents
PhDThis thesis is a sociolinguistic investigation into aspects of non-phonological
variation in a group of preadolescents recorded in outer east London. Focusing on the
analysis of selected grammatical variables, it aims to explore the nature and
development of linguistic variation in an age group which has not figured prominently
in the foundational sociolinguistic literature.
The study is embedded within a variationist framework, and examines how the
distribution of vernacular variables selected from different levels of the grammar can
provide important insights into the maturing sociolinguistic competence of
preadolescent speakers. The distribution of specific grammatical variables is
correlated with the broad social dimensions of age and gender in order to examine the
social and linguistic constraints which operate on aspects of variation in this age
group. Furthermore, the findings which emerge from this study are contextualized in
relation to patterns of variation used by older speakers, and are more broadly situated
with regard to related patterns of variation in other dialects of English.
Another primary aim of the study is to contribute to empirical characterisations
of grammatical variation in southeastern England, an area in which there has been
little systematic quantitative investigation of non-phonological variation. Given that London has been identified in the sociolinguistic literature as the site of considerable
dialect levelling and a major locus of linguistic innovation, the study explores
preadolescents' active participation in some of the burgeoning linguistic changes that
are affecting not only southeasten dialects, but also other contemporary varieties of
English
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Unleasing Z Monster
Houston Community College will share experiences of creating what sometimes feels like an enormous and unrealizable task and what may seem to be a monstrous educational disruption, a Z-Degree. Building a Z-Degree might seem like simply a matter of packaging courses, but in reality, it requires design, intention, and cultivation.
After years of piecemeal attempts to adopt and promote OER, HCC gained focus with a directive to launch a Z-Degree, which came from multiple stakeholders, including students, Board of Trustees, senior administration, and faculty champions. This commitment enabled us to secure external and internal funding sources, clarify policies and procedures, and ultimately place OER on a solid foundation for the future. We will share our process for revising and adopting an OER policy guide, identifying and recruiting faculty, and engaging with multiple stakeholders within the institution (Board of Trustees, administration, faculty, libraries, CTLE, and students). HCC has partnered with Lumen Learning to provide initial training and course hosting, and we are working with our Institute for Instructional Engagement & Development to create a sustainable infrastructure to build our capacity of OER course offerings. In some cases, it has been necessary to make compromises to bring critical programs on board, but the college has done so out of a commitment to the ultimate goal of building a complete degree plan and developing OERs options for the future. Finally, HCC is establishing a program for data collection and analysis in order to understand the effects of the initiative on key indicators. This session will include real time polls and Twitter feeds. It is aimed at all levels, but particularly colleges who want to launch a Z Degree
Sequestration of Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors in Permeabilized Neuroblastoma Cells
The feasibility of using a permeabilized preparation of human SH-SY-5Y neuroblastoma cells for studies of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) sequestration has been evaluated. Exposure of cells permeabilized with digitonin, streptolysin-O, or the Α-toxin from Staphylococcus aureus to oxotremorine-M (Oxo-M) for 30 min resulted in a 25–30% reduction in the number of cell surface mAChRs, as monitored by the loss of N [ 3 H]methyl- scopolamine ([ 3 H]NMS) binding sites. The corresponding value for intact cells was 40%. For cells permeabilized with 20 Μ M digitonin, the Oxo-M-mediated reduction in [ 3 H]NMS binding was time ( t 1/2 ∼ 5 min) and concentration (EC 50 ∼ 10 Μ M ) dependent and was agonist specific (Oxo M > bethanechol = arecoline = pilocarpine). In contrast, no reduction in total mAChR number, as monitored by the binding of [ 3 H]quinuclidinyl benzilate, occurred following Oxo-M treatment. The loss of [ 3 H]NMS sites observed in the presence of Oxo-M was unaffected by omission of either ATP or Ca 2+ , both of which are required for stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis, but could be inhibited by the inclusion of guanosine 5′- O -(2-thiodiphosphate). mAChRs sequestered in response to Oxo-M addition were unmasked when the cells were permeabilized in the presence of higher concentrations of digitonin (80 Μ M ). The results indicate (a) that permeabilized SH-SY-5Y cells support an agonist-induced sequestration of mAChRs, the magnitude of which is ∼ 65–70% of that observed for intact cells, (b) that when internalized, mAChRs are located in a cellular compartment to which [ 3 H]NMS has only a limited access despite the removal of the plasma membrane barrier, and (c) that the production of phosphoinositide-derived second messengers is not a prerequisite for mAChR sequestration.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65736/1/j.1471-4159.1994.62051795.x.pd
Potential role of differential medication use in explaining excess risk of cardiovascular events and death associated with chronic kidney disease: A cohort study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are less likely to receive cardiovascular medications. It is unclear whether differential cardiovascular drug use explains, in part, the excess risk of cardiovascular events and death in patients with CKD and coronary heart disease (CHD).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The ADVANCE Study enrolled patients with new onset CHD (2001-2003) who did (N = 159) or did not have (N = 1088) CKD at entry. The MDRD equation was used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using calibrated serum creatinine measurements. Patient characteristics, medication use, cardiovascular events and death were ascertained from self-report and health plan electronic databases through December 2008.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Post-CHD event ACE inhibitor use was lower (medication possession ratio 0.50 vs. 0.58, P = 0.03) and calcium channel blocker use higher (0.47 vs. 0.38, P = 0.06) in CKD vs. non-CKD patients, respectively. Incidence of cardiovascular events and death was higher in CKD vs. non-CKD patients (13.9 vs. 11.5 per 100 person-years, P < 0.001, respectively). After adjustment for patient characteristics, the rate of cardiovascular events and death was increased for eGFR 45-59 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2 </sup>(hazard ratio [HR] 1.47, 95% CI: 1.10 to 2.02) and eGFR < 45 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2 </sup>(HR 1.58, 95% CI: 1.00 to 2.50). After further adjustment for statins, β-blocker, calcium channel blocker, ACE inhibitor/ARB use, the association was no longer significant for eGFR 45-59 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2 </sup>(HR 0.82, 95% CI: 0.25 to 2.66) or for eGFR < 45 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2 </sup>(HR 1.19, 95% CI: 0.25 to 5.58).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In adults with CHD, differential use of cardiovascular medications may contribute to the higher risk of cardiovascular events and death in patients with CKD.</p
The effect of perindopril on postural instability in older people with a history of falls-a randomised controlled trial
Serum Phosphorus and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, All-Cause Mortality, or Graft Failure in Kidney Transplant Recipients: An Ancillary Study of the FAVORIT Trial Cohort
Mild hyperphosphatemia is a putative risk factor for cardiovascular disease [CVD], loss of kidney function, and mortality. Very limited data are available from sizable multicenter kidney transplant recipient (KTR) cohorts assessing the potential relationships between serum phosphorus levels and the development of CVD outcomes, transplant failure, or all-cause mortality
Discovery of FERM domain protein-protein interaction inhibitors for MSN and CD44 as a potential therapeutic approach for Alzheimer\u27s disease.
Proteomic studies have identified moesin (MSN), a protein containing a four-point-one, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain, and the receptor CD44 as hub proteins found within a coexpression module strongly linked to Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD) traits and microglia. These proteins are more abundant in Alzheimer\u27s patient brains, and their levels are positively correlated with cognitive decline, amyloid plaque deposition, and neurofibrillary tangle burden. The MSN FERM domain interacts with the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI
Global importance of Indigenous Peoples, their lands, and knowledge systems for saving the world’s primates from extinction
Primates, represented by 521 species, are distributed across 91 countries primarily in the Neotropic, Afrotropic, and Indo-Malayan realms. Primates inhabit a wide range of habitats and play critical roles in sustaining healthy ecosystems that benefit human and nonhuman communities. Approximately 68% of primate species are threatened with extinction because of global pressures to convert their habitats for agricultural production and the extraction of natural resources. Here, we review the scientific literature and conduct a spatial analysis to assess the significance of Indigenous Peoples’ lands in safeguarding primate biodiversity. We found that Indigenous Peoples’ lands account for 30% of the primate range, and 71% of primate species inhabit these lands. As their range on these lands increases, primate species are less likely to be classified as threatened or have declining populations. Safeguarding Indigenous Peoples’ lands, languages, and cultures represents our greatest chance to prevent the extinction of the world’s primates.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Global importance of Indigenous Peoples, their lands, and knowledge systems for saving the world's primates from extinction
Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2022 The Authors, some rights reserved.Primates, represented by 521 species, are distributed across 91 countries primarily in the Neotropic, Afrotropic, and Indo-Malayan realms. Primates inhabit a wide range of habitats and play critical roles in sustaining healthy ecosystems that benefit human and nonhuman communities. Approximately 68% of primate species are threatened with extinction because of global pressures to convert their habitats for agricultural production and the extraction of natural resources. Here, we review the scientific literature and conduct a spatial analysis to assess the significance of Indigenous Peoples' lands in safeguarding primate biodiversity. We found that Indigenous Peoples' lands account for 30% of the primate range, and 71% of primate species inhabit these lands. As their range on these lands increases, primate species are less likely to be classified as threatened or have declining populations. Safeguarding Indigenous Peoples' lands, languages, and cultures represents our greatest chance to prevent the extinction of the world's primates.Peer reviewe
Variation in renal responses to exercise in the heat with progressive acclimatisation
Objectives To investigate changes in renal status from exercise in the heat with acclimatisation and to evaluate surrogates markers of Acute Kidney Injury. Design Prospective observational cohort study. Methods 20 male volunteers performed 60 min standardised exercise in the heat, at baseline and on four subsequent occasions during a 23-day acclimatisation regimen. Blood was sampled before and after exercise for serum creatinine, copeptin, interleukin-6, normetanephrine and cortisol. Fractional excretion of sodium was calculated for corresponding urine samples. Ratings of Perceived Exertion were reported every 5 min during exercise. Acute Kidney Injury was defined as serum creatinine rise ≥26.5 μmol L−1 or fall in estimated glomerular filtration rate >25%. Predictive values of each candidate marker for developing Acute Kidney Injury were determined by ROC analysis. Results From baseline to Day 23, serum creatinine did not vary at rest, but showed a significant (P < 0.05) reduction post-exercise (120 [102, 139] versus 102 [91, 112] μmol L−1). Acute Kidney Injury was common (26/100 exposures) and occurred most frequently in the unacclimatised state. Log-normalised fractional excretion of sodium showed a significant interaction (exercise by acclimatization day), with post-exercise values tending to rise with acclimatisation. Ratings of Perceived Exertion predicted AKI (AUC 0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.65–0.88), performing at least as well as biochemical markers. Conclusions Heat acclimatization is associated with reduced markers of renal stress and AKI incidence, perhaps due to improved regional perfusion. Acclimatisation and monitoring Ratings of Perceived Exertion are practical, non-invasive measures that could help to reduce renal injury from exercise in the heat
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