Attitudes of Israeli Youth Toward the Middle-East Conflict

This article examines and analyzes the results of a 1976 survey of Israeli high school students. Special attention is given to their views on Middle East conflict issues and overall attitudes toward, beliefs about, and perceptions of that conflict. A number of relationships are found between respondents\u27 conflict attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions and their socio- economic, contextual, and political characteristics. Several comparisons are drawn with other, related studies and research. Some implications for the present and future direction of the Middle East conflict and peace processes are discussed. Last, a few areas and topics for additional research and analysis are outlined

Explaining Recent Vietnamese Behavior

In the preceding sections, we have argued that, while a number of perspectives are relevant to the recent Vietnamese-Cambodian conflict, independent Vietnamese pursuit of their own long-term goals is probably the most important and provides the key to understanding and to explaining not only Vietnamese actions vis-à-vis Cambodia, but also their behavior in Indochina and Southeast Asia as a whole. Our contention then led to a more specific identification of probable Vietnamese fundamental and instrumental goals. Support for our line of argument was obtained by examining eight categories of possible motivations that might be relevant to Vietnamese pursuit of this set of (fundamental) goals. Here, one task remains: based on our earlier analysis and discussion, what path(s) can we reasonably expect SRV defense and foreign policy behavior to follow in the near future? While we believe that our pursuit-of-goals proposition will remain the key to understanding and to explaining Vietnamese behavior, equally important in its prediction will be the environment in which the SRV will operate. For analytical purposes, this environment can be dichotomized. The internal environment is concerned with the SRV\u27s potential. © 1980, by The Regents of the University of California. All Right Resereve

Explaining Recent Vietnamese Behavior

In the preceding sections, we have argued that, while a number of perspectives are relevant to the recent Vietnamese-Cambodian conflict, independent Vietnamese pursuit of their own long-term goals is probably the most important and provides the key to understanding and to explaining not only Vietnamese actions vis-à-vis Cambodia, but also their behavior in Indochina and Southeast Asia as a whole. Our contention then led to a more specific identification of probable Vietnamese fundamental and instrumental goals. Support for our line of argument was obtained by examining eight categories of possible motivations that might be relevant to Vietnamese pursuit of this set of (fundamental) goals. Here, one task remains: based on our earlier analysis and discussion, what path(s) can we reasonably expect SRV defense and foreign policy behavior to follow in the near future? While we believe that our pursuit-of-goals proposition will remain the key to understanding and to explaining Vietnamese behavior, equally important in its prediction will be the environment in which the SRV will operate. For analytical purposes, this environment can be dichotomized. The internal environment is concerned with the SRV\u27s potential. © 1980, by The Regents of the University of California. All Right Resereve

Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation

Contains fulltext : 125374.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)BACKGROUND: Edoxaban is a direct oral factor Xa inhibitor with proven antithrombotic effects. The long-term efficacy and safety of edoxaban as compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation is not known. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy trial comparing two once-daily regimens of edoxaban with warfarin in 21,105 patients with moderate-to-high-risk atrial fibrillation (median follow-up, 2.8 years). The primary efficacy end point was stroke or systemic embolism. Each edoxaban regimen was tested for noninferiority to warfarin during the treatment period. The principal safety end point was major bleeding. RESULTS: The annualized rate of the primary end point during treatment was 1.50% with warfarin (median time in the therapeutic range, 68.4%), as compared with 1.18% with high-dose edoxaban (hazard ratio, 0.79; 97.5% confidence interval [CI], 0.63 to 0.99; P<0.001 for noninferiority) and 1.61% with low-dose edoxaban (hazard ratio, 1.07; 97.5% CI, 0.87 to 1.31; P=0.005 for noninferiority). In the intention-to-treat analysis, there was a trend favoring high-dose edoxaban versus warfarin (hazard ratio, 0.87; 97.5% CI, 0.73 to 1.04; P=0.08) and an unfavorable trend with low-dose edoxaban versus warfarin (hazard ratio, 1.13; 97.5% CI, 0.96 to 1.34; P=0.10). The annualized rate of major bleeding was 3.43% with warfarin versus 2.75% with high-dose edoxaban (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.91; P<0.001) and 1.61% with low-dose edoxaban (hazard ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.55; P<0.001). The corresponding annualized rates of death from cardiovascular causes were 3.17% versus 2.74% (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77 to 0.97; P=0.01), and 2.71% (hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.96; P=0.008), and the corresponding rates of the key secondary end point (a composite of stroke, systemic embolism, or death from cardiovascular causes) were 4.43% versus 3.85% (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.96; P=0.005), and 4.23% (hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.05; P=0.32). CONCLUSIONS: Both once-daily regimens of edoxaban were noninferior to warfarin with respect to the prevention of stroke or systemic embolism and were associated with significantly lower rates of bleeding and death from cardiovascular causes. (Funded by Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development; ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00781391.)