Efficient assessment for using qualified personnel in the economy

The work analyzed the country's gross domestic product (GDP) dependence on the level of education of the employed population in the economy and the development of the institutional environment. The study was conducted by a comparative analysis of selected countries of the OECD, the Russian Federation and Brazil on the ratio of Gross Domestic Product per person of the employable population to the proportion of population in the cohort under consideration with higher and secondary vocational education. These indicators of the efficiency of the use of skilled personnel in the economy correlate to the level of institutional environment development. The study shows that an increase in the proportion of the educated population in working age alone does not lead to an adequate or expected increase in GDP. The effect is highly dependent on the level of institutional environment development that imposes on this process the natural limitations expressed in the limited needs of the society in qualified personnel. With the example of countries divided into groups according to efficiency indicator, it is shown that in each group the efficiency of the use of skilled personnel varies. The article gives the examples of countries where there is an imbalance in the number of skilled professionals. This imbalance occurs between the needs of the economy, the actual number and professionals being prepared. The most summarized outcome of the study is the conclusion that GDP growth by raising the educational level of the employed population, is not being addressed by increasing the number of skilled personnel in the economy. The increase in their number is a natural response to the needs of society. These needs, in turn, are largely shaped by the impact of the institutional environment.peer-reviewe

On Using the Decision Trees to Identify the Local Extrema in Parallel Global Optimization Algorithm

In the present work, the solving of the multidimensional global optimization problems using decision tree to reveal the attractor regions of the local minima is considered. The objective function of the problem is defined as a “black box”, may be non-differentiable, multi-extremal and computational costly. We assume that the function satisfies the Lipschitz condition with a priory unknown constant. Global search algorithm is applied for the search of global minimum in the problems of such type. It is well known that the solution complexity essentially depends on the presence of multiple local extrema. Within the framework of the global search algorithm, we propose a method for selecting the vicinity of local extrema of the objective function based on analysis of accumulated search information. Conducting such an analysis using machine learning techniques allows making a decision to run a local method, which can speed up the convergence of the algorithm. This suggestion was confirmed by the results of numerical experiments demonstrating the speedup when solving a series of test problems.In the present work, the solving of the multidimensional global optimization problems using decision tree to reveal the attractor regions of the local minima is considered. The objective function of the problem is defined as a “black box”, may be non-differentiable, multi-extremal and computational costly. We assume that the function satisfies the Lipschitz condition with a priory unknown constant. Global search algorithm is applied for the search of global minimum in the problems of such type. It is well known that the solution complexity essentially depends on the presence of multiple local extrema. Within the framework of the global search algorithm, we propose a method for selecting the vicinity of local extrema of the objective function based on analysis of accumulated search information. Conducting such an analysis using machine learning techniques allows making a decision to run a local method, which can speed up the convergence of the algorithm. This suggestion was confirmed by the results of numerical experiments demonstrating the speedup when solving a series of test problems

Innovative quality improvements in hotel services

The paper is devoted to the development of approaches for the improvement of quality of hotel services on innovative basis. It has been established that in the market of hotel services, innovations are being introduced successfully for the purpose of attracting as many customers as possible. All this ensures development of new technologies of constructing hotels, appearance of new market segments satisfying a diverse demand of visitors. It has been proved that to improve the quality of hotel services, it is necessary to develop a strategy and tactics of development of hotel business on innovative basis. It has been determined that introduction of innovations must be realised both at the level of the state and at the level of separate hotels. Further innovative growth will allow improving the quality of hotel services in the world market of hotel real estate. However, this is possible in case of normalization of the economic and political situation in the country and creation of conditions for investment attractiveness in hotel business.peer-reviewe

Forced spreading over superhydrophobic and copper surfaces

Dynamic spreading over superhydrophobic and copper surfaces was studied experimentally under the condition of contact line movement with speed greater than 1 mm/sec. Three modes of spreading of distilled water drop over copper surfaces with sufficient typical roughness (0.591, 5.190 and 6.210 μM) were detected. The first one is drop formation when the contact line speed and dynamic contact angle increase sharply. The second mode is spreading of a drop, which is characterized by a monotonic decrease in the contact line speed and dynamic contact angle. The third one is a formation of an equilibrium contact angle at a constant wetted area (the contact line speed tends to zero, and spreading of a drop occurs as long as the driving force is greater than zero). Some features in spreading were detected on superhydrophobic surface with parameter roughness of 0.751μm compared to other substrates. During drop formation after sharp increase in the contact line speed and dynamic contact angle, there is a mode which is accompanied by a decrease in the contact line speed and monotonic increase in the advancing dynamic contact angle

Diagnostics of Central and Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction in Patients with Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy

This chapter is devoted to monitoring of central and autonomic nervous system (ANS) in patients with verified sepsis to recognize the specific functional and anatomic changes in the brain and its important autonomic centers which is named sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Fluctuation of conscience level from agitation to delirium and coma, muscle tone, and severity of pain syndrome is evaluated with different scales (SOFA, SAPS II, RASS, CAM-ICU, FOUR, PBSS, BPS, MRC, MAS, CNS). Multimodal neuromonitoring includes EEG, EPs, ENMG, cerebral oxymetry, saturation in the bulb of the jugular vein, TCD, and neuroimaging (MRI, PET). Dysfunction of autonomic brainstem structures is detected with variational cardiointervalometry, pupillometry, thermometry (peripheral and central), photoplethysmography assessment of perfusion index, quantitative assessment of muscle strength on the MRC scale and MAS, and diagnostics of the severity of the PSH syndrome. Monitoring data help clinicians to make decisions on SAE patient management tactics

Stabilizing All Kahler Moduli in Type IIB Orientifolds

We describe a simple and robust mechanism that stabilizes all Kahler moduli in Type IIB orientifold compactifications. This is shown to be possible with just one non-perturbative contribution to the superpotential coming from either a D3-instanton or D7-branes wrapped on an ample divisor. This moduli-stabilization mechanism is similar to and motivated by the one used in the fluxless G_2 compactifications of M-theory. After explaining the general idea, explicit examples of Calabi-Yau orientifolds with one and three Kahler moduli are worked out. We find that the stabilized volumes of all two- and four-cycles as well as the volume of the Calabi-Yau manifold are controlled by a single parameter, namely, the volume of the ample divisor. This feature would dramatically constrain any realistic models of particle physics embedded into such compactifications. Broad consequences for phenomenology are discussed, in particular the dynamical solution to the strong CP-problem within the framework.Comment: RevTeX, 24 pages, 2 tables, 1 figure

Rational F-Theory GUTs without exotics

We construct F-theory GUT models without exotic matter, leading to the MSSM matter spectrum with potential singlet extensions. The interplay of engineering explicit geometric setups, absence of four-dimensional anomalies, and realistic phenomenology of the couplings places severe constraints on the allowed local models in a given geometry. In constructions based on the spectral cover we find no model satisfying all these requirements. We then provide a survey of models with additional U(1) symmetries arising from rational sections of the elliptic fibration in toric constructions and obtain phenomenologically appealing models based on SU(5) tops. Furthermore we perform a bottom-up exploration beyond the toric section constructions discussed in the literature so far and identify benchmark models passing all our criteria, which can serve as a guideline for future geometric engineering.Comment: 27 Pages, 1 Figur

Electric dipole moments and the search for new physics

Static electric dipole moments of nondegenerate systems probe mass scales for physics beyond the Standard Model well beyond those reached directly at high energy colliders. Discrimination between different physics models, however, requires complementary searches in atomic-molecular-and-optical, nuclear and particle physics. In this report, we discuss the current status and prospects in the near future for a compelling suite of such experiments, along with developments needed in the encompassing theoretical framework.Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021; updated with community edits and endorsement

Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties

Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ecological groups. This global dataset contains 10,840 sites, with 184 species, from 60 countries and all continents except Antarctica. The data were obtained from 182 published articles, published between 1973 and 2017, and 17 unpublished datasets. Amalgamating data into a single global database will assist researchers in investigating and answering a wide variety of pressing questions, for example, jointly assessing aboveground and belowground biodiversity distributions and drivers of biodiversity change.Peer reviewe