Foreign Embassies and Roman Universality in Einhard's Life of Charlemagne

In chapter sixteen of his Life of Charlemagne, Einhard celebrates his subject's peaceful relations with foreign princes. Notker the Stammerer would later offer his own, more fanciful version of this material, including his bold embellishment of Einhard's suggestion that Caliph Harun-al-Rachid had handed over control of the Holy Lands. This study presents Einhard's portrait of Charlemagne's post-coronation diplomatic relations with foreign princes as a meticulously constructed biographical episode rich in the rhetoric of Roman panegyric. His merging of panegyric structure and Frankish historiographical content established a uniquely Carolingian refashioning of a classical and late antique topos of Roman universality, one whose significance lies both in its mimetic relationship to classical models and in its influence on subsequent works

The fantasy of wealth: Attracting college graduates into the workforce

The need for top talent is a critical factor towards the current and future success of organizations. Each year 1.5 million college students graduate and enter the largest generation of the workforce, Millennials. Therefore, it is imperative for companies to understand how to effectively attract the Millennial talent pool. A trend within organizational recruiting is for companies to provide more initiatives for organization\u27s stakeholders than just the triple bottom line. One type of initiative that is shown to be effective in recruiting from the general talent pool is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), which is an organization\u27s efforts towards obligations at different levels - economic, legal, environmental, and philanthropic - that affect their stakeholders. Evidence shows that CSR is most effective when job choice is high. However, research indicates that recent college graduates may have a lower level of job choice compared to more experienced applicants. This indicates Millennials may hold different values towards CSR recruitment messaging when compared to the general talent pool. Millennials seem to be attracted towards organizations that provide opportunities for quick career progression and competitive benefits and are willing to compromise their need to affect society to keep these opportunities. This suggests that Millennials, especially college students, ought to favor an employment situation which offers better economic CSR benefits. The proposed study aims to see if college students place more value on one CSR type, and if an organization will be viewed as a more attractive place to work when economic CSR is displayed on a corporate website as opposed to the other types of CSR when considering a job right out of college. The results of this study will allow organizations to understand how to effectively recruit and retain recently graduated college students in the Millennial talent pool

The Fantasy Of Wealth: Attracting College Graduates Into The Workforce

For organizations to gain an advantage in today’s market it is imperative they recruit top talent; and with Millennials comprising the largest portion of the current workforce, they have become a primary source of that talent. The Millennial workforce is currently fed by college students entering the workforce. One recruitment strategy that has been shown to effectively attract Millennials, is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), which defines an organizations initiative towards social obligations that positively influence the organization's internal and external stakeholders on multiple levels (i.e., philanthropic, environmental, legal, and economic). This study examined the value college seniors placed on each CSR type. More specifically, economic CSR, and if economic CSR, rather than other CSR types, would increase General Attractiveness by increasing the perception of an organization being socially responsible (i.e. Overall CSR Perceptions). Plus, whether each CSR type, especially economic CSR, and General Attractiveness was mediated by Overall CSR Perceptions. The results indicated legal, philanthropic, and environmental CSR as more important than economic CSR, and significantly influenced Overall CSR Perceptions, however only environmental CSR influenced General Attractiveness. Legal, philanthropic, and environmental CSR, held significant positive indirect effects to General Attractiveness through Overall CSR Perceptions, while economic CSR did not. For recruiters looking to attract recently graduated undergraduate Millennials through CSR messaging, they ought to use environmental, philanthropic, and legal CSR information. This can increase the Overall CSR Perceptions of the organization which can make the organization seem as a more attractive place of employment to the applicant

Applicant Reactions to Artificial Intelligence in the Selection Process

The use of advanced technology such as artificial intelligence (AI) in the selection process has become an increasingly popular practice within organizations. However, little research has examined how applicants react to these new procedures and how those reactions may affect outcomes such as perceptions of fairness, organizational attraction, and job pursuit intentions. Previous research has suggested that the use of technology in the selection process may lead to more negative outcomes when compared to using traditional selection procedures such as face-to-face interviewing. The purpose of this study is to examine applicant reactions to the use of advanced decision-making technologies in the selection process, such as artificial intelligence systems that make hiring decisions. Determining how applicants react to the use of technology in the selection process serves to help organizations better understand how these practices affect job seekers’ perceptions of the organization. The results of this study may help organizations weigh the pros and cons of using computer information systems to select applicants instead of using a traditional selection procedure

Methadone adverse reaction presenting with large increase in plasma methadone binding: a case series

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>The use of methadone as an analgesic is on the increase, but it is widely recognized that the goal of predictable and reproducible dosing is confounded by considerable variability in methadone pharmacokinetics, and unpredictable side effects that include sedation, respiratory depression and cardiac arrhythmias. The mechanisms underlying these unpredictable effects are frequently unclear. Here, to the best of our knowledge we present the first report of an association between accidental methadone overexposure and increased plasma protein binding, a new potential mechanism for drug interactions with methadone.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We describe here the cases of two patients who experienced markedly different responses to the same dose of methadone during co-administration of letrozole. Both patients were post-menopausal Caucasian women who were among healthy volunteers participating in a clinical trial. Under the trial protocol both patients received 6 mg of intravenous methadone before and then after taking letrozole for seven days. One woman (aged 59) experienced symptoms consistent with opiate overexposure after the second dose of methadone that were reversed by naloxone, while the other (aged 49) did not. To understand the etiology of this event, we measured methadone pharmacokinetics in both patients. In our affected patient only, a fourfold to eightfold increase in methadone plasma concentrations after letrozole treatment was observed. Detailed pharmacokinetic analysis indicated no change in metabolism or renal elimination in our patient, but the percentage of unbound methadone in the plasma decreased 3.7-fold. As a result, the volume of distribution of methadone decreased approximately fourfold. The increased plasma binding in our affected patient was consistent with observed increases in plasma protein concentrations.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The marked increase in the total plasma methadone concentration observed in our patient, and the enhanced pharmacodynamic effect, appear primarily due to a reduced volume of distribution. The extent of plasma methadone binding may help to explain the unpredictability of its pharmacokinetics. Changes in volume of distribution due to plasma binding may represent important causes of clinically meaningful drug interactions.</p

Twenty years on, the Methadone Treatment Protocol in Ireland: Reflections on General Practice

Background: Opioid dependence, characterised by socio economic disadvantage and significant morbidity and mortality, remains a major public health problem in Ireland. Through the methadone treatment protocol (MTP), Irish general practice has been a leader in the introduction and expansion of Irish harm reduction services, including opioid substitution treatment (OST), needle and syringe programs (NSP) and naloxone provision. These services have been effective in engaging opiate users in treatment, reducing human deficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission and reducing drug related morbidities. Challenges remain in relation to choice of substitution treatments, timely access to OST services, adequate coverage of NSP, naloxone provision and increasing drug related deaths.Methods: A narrative review was conducted and designed to present a broad perspective on the Irish MTP, and to describe its history and development in terms of clinical care, stakeholder views and changing trends.Results: Three themes emerged from the analysis; The History of the Methadone Treatment Protocol, Service User and Provider Views, and Challenges and Developments. Despite initial concern about methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in Ireland, increased participation by Irish GPs in the treatment of opioid dependence is observed over the last two decades. There are now over 10,000 people on methadone treatment in Ireland, with 40% treated in general practice. The MTP provides structure, remuneration and guidance to GPs and is underpinned by; training, ongoing education and a system of quality assurance provided by the Irish College of General Practice (ICGP). Challenges include the negative views of patients around how methadone services are delivered, the stigma associated with methadone treatment, the lack of choice around substitution medication, waiting lists for treatment in certain areas and rates of fatal overdose.Conclusion: Twenty years of the MTP has been the mainstay of harm reduction services in Ireland. It has provided a network of specially trained GPs who provide methadone to over 10,000 patients across Ireland within a structured framework of training, quality assurance and remuneration. With the ongoing commitment of Irish specialists in the field of addiction medicine, further improvements to support and treat patients can be made