707 research outputs found
Gender disparities in colloquium speakers at top universities
Colloquium talks at prestigious universities both create and reflect academic researchers' reputations. Gender disparities in colloquium talks can arise through a variety of mechanisms. The current study examines gender differences in colloquium speakers at 50 prestigious US colleges and universities in 2013-2014. Using archival data, we analyzed 3,652 talks in six academic disciplines. Men were more likely than women to be colloquium speakers even after controlling for the gender and rank of the available speakers. Eliminating alternative explanations (e.g., women declining invitations more often than men), our follow-up data revealed that female and male faculty at top universities reported no differences in the extent to which they (i) valued and (ii) turned down speaking engagements. Additional data revealed that the presence of women as colloquium chairs (and potentially on colloquium committees) increased the likelihood of women appearing as colloquium speakers. Our data suggest that those who invite and schedule speakers serve as gender gatekeepers with the power to create or reduce gender differences in academic reputations
Search for neutrino oscillations on a long base-line at the CHOOZ nuclear power station
This final article about the CHOOZ experiment presents a complete description
of the electron antineutrino source and detector, the calibration methods and
stability checks, the event reconstruction procedures and the Monte Carlo
simulation. The data analysis, systematic effects and the methods used to reach
our conclusions are fully discussed. Some new remarks are presented on the
deduction of the confidence limits and on the correct treatment of systematic
errors.Comment: 41 pages, 59 figures, Latex file, accepted for publication by
Eur.Phys.J.
Initial Results from the CHOOZ Long Baseline Reactor Neutrino Oscillation Experiment
Initial results are presented from CHOOZ, a long-baseline reactor-neutrino
vacuum-oscillation experiment. Electron antineutrinos were detected by a liquid
scintillation calorimeter located at a distance of about 1 km. The detector was
constructed in a tunnel protected from cosmic rays by a 300 MWE rock
overburden. This massive shielding strongly reduced potentially troublesome
backgrounds due to cosmic-ray muons, leading to a background rate of about one
event per day, more than an order of magnitude smaller than the observed
neutrino signal. From the statistical agreement between detected and expected
neutrino event rates, we find (at 90% confidence level) no evidence for
neutrino oscillations in the electron antineutrino disappearance mode for the
parameter region given approximately by deltam**2 > 0.9 10**(-3) eV**2 for
maximum mixing and (sin(2 theta)**2) > 0.18 for large deltam**2.Comment: 13 pages, Latex, submitted to Physics Letters
Limits on Neutrino Oscillations from the CHOOZ Experiment
We present new results based on the entire CHOOZ data sample. We find (at 90%
confidence level) no evidence for neutrino oscillations in the anti_nue
disappearance mode, for the parameter region given by approximately Delta m**2
> 7 x 10**-4 eV^2 for maximum mixing, and sin**2(2 theta) = 0.10 for large
Delta m**2. Lower sensitivity results, based only on the comparison of the
positron spectra from the two different-distance nuclear reactors, are also
presented; these are independent of the absolute normalization of the anti_nue
flux, the cross section, the number of target protons and the detector
efficiencies.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures, Latex fil
The Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment: A Harbinger For "New Physics"
QED, Hadronic, and Electroweak Standard Model contributions to the muon
anomalous magnetic moment, a_mu = (g_mu-2)/2, and their theoretical
uncertainties are scrutinized. The status and implications of the recently
reported 2.6 sigma experiment vs.theory deviation a_mu^{exp}-a_mu^{SM} =
426(165) times 10^{-11} are discussed. Possible explanations due to
supersymmetric loop effects with m_{SUSY} \simeq 55 sqrt{tan beta} GeV,
radiative mass mechanisms at the 1--2 TeV scale and other ``New Physics''
scenarios are examined.Comment: 24 page
Search for New Particles Decaying to Dijets at CDF
We have used 106 pb^-1 of data collected with the Collider Detector at
Fermilab to search for new particles decaying to dijets. We exclude at the 95%
confidence level models containing the following new particles: axigluons and
flavor universal colorons with mass between 200 and 980 GeV/c, excited quarks
with mass between 80 and 570 GeV/c^2 and between 580 and 760 GeV/c^2, color
octet technirhos with mass between 260 and 480 GeV/c^2, W' bosons with mass
between 300 and 420 GeV/c^2, and E_6 diquarks with mass between 290 and 420
GeV/c^2.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Submitted to Physical Review D Rapid
Communications. Postscript file of paper is also available at
http://www-cdf.fnal.gov/physics/pub97/cdf3276_dijet_search_prd_rc.p
Search for Narrow Diphoton Resonances and for gamma-gamma+W/Z Signatures in p\bar p Collisions at sqrt(s)=1.8 TeV
We present results of searches for diphoton resonances produced both
inclusively and also in association with a vector boson (W or Z) using 100
pb^{-1} of p\bar p collisions using the CDF detector. We set upper limits on
the product of cross section times branching ratio for both p\bar
p\to\gamma\gamma + X and p\bar p\to\gamma\gamma + W/Z. Comparing the inclusive
production to the expectations from heavy sgoldstinos we derive limits on the
supersymmetry-breaking scale sqrt{F} in the TeV range, depending on the
sgoldstino mass and the choice of other parameters. Also, using a NLO
prediction for the associated production of a Higgs boson with a W or Z boson,
we set an upper limit on the branching ratio for H\to\gamma\gamma. Finally, we
set a lower limit on the mass of a `bosophilic' Higgs boson (e.g. one which
couples only to \gamma, W, and Z$ bosons with standard model couplings) of 82
GeV/c^2 at 95% confidence level.Comment: 30 pages, 11 figure
Determination of neutrino incoming direction in the CHOOZ experiment and Supernova explosion location by scintillator detectors
The CHOOZ experiment measured the antineutrino flux at a distance of about 1
Km from two nuclear reactors in order to detect possible neutrino oscillations
with squared mass differences as low as 10**-3 eV**2 for full mixing. We show
that the data analysis of the electron antineutrino events, collected by our
liquid scintillation detector, locates the antineutrino source within a cone of
half-aperture of about 18 degrees at the 68% C.L.. We discuss the implications
of this experimental result for tracking down a supernova explosion.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review
Single hadron response measurement and calorimeter jet energy scale uncertainty with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
The uncertainty on the calorimeter energy response to jets of particles is
derived for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). First, the
calorimeter response to single isolated charged hadrons is measured and
compared to the Monte Carlo simulation using proton-proton collisions at
centre-of-mass energies of sqrt(s) = 900 GeV and 7 TeV collected during 2009
and 2010. Then, using the decay of K_s and Lambda particles, the calorimeter
response to specific types of particles (positively and negatively charged
pions, protons, and anti-protons) is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo
predictions. Finally, the jet energy scale uncertainty is determined by
propagating the response uncertainty for single charged and neutral particles
to jets. The response uncertainty is 2-5% for central isolated hadrons and 1-3%
for the final calorimeter jet energy scale.Comment: 24 pages plus author list (36 pages total), 23 figures, 1 table,
submitted to European Physical Journal
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