Rotary mechanism with the enhanceable indexes of efficiency for orbital forging process

Загальна ефективність виробництва залежить від застосування сучасних технологічних процесів та ефективного і технологічного обладнання. Основним показником ефективності обладнання є коефіцієнт корисної дії. Треба враховувати показники надійності, продуктивності, матеріалоємності. Основним вузлом обладнання є механізм орбітального руху. Його робота пов’язана з виникненням і здоланням сил тертя. Якраз ця обставина суттєво впливає на корисне застосування підведеної енергії. Існують декілька базових конструкцій орбітальних механізмів. Проведений аналіз їх роботи, визначені недоліки та шляхи їх усунення. Мета статті полягає в створенні ефективного обладнання та обґрунтуванні проведених інновацій. Їх застосування забезпечує максимальну ефективність і продуктивність, а також мінімальну собівартість виробництва. Стаття є результатом експериментальних та теоретичних досліджень, що проводяться на кафедрі механіки пластичності матеріалів та ресурсозберігаючих процесів Національного технічного університету України «КПІ».General efficiency of production depends on the use of modern technological processes and effective technological equipment. The basic index of efficiency of equipment is an output-input ratio. It is necessary to take into account descriptions of reliability and productivity. The basic knot of equipment is a mechanism of orbital motion. His work flows with an origin and overcoming of forces of friction. His work flows with an origin and overcoming of forces of friction. This circumstance substantially influences on the useful use of energy. There are a few base constructions of orbital mechanisms. The analysis of their work is conducted, failings and ways of their removal are certain. The purpose of the article consists of creation of effective equipment and ground of the offered innovations. Their use provides maximal efficiency and reliability, and also minimum production cost. The article is the result of experimental and theoretical researches which are conducted on the department of mechanics of plasticity of materials and resource-safe processes of the National technical university of Ukraine «KPI».Общая эффективность производства зависит от использования современных технологических процессов и эффективного технологического оборудования. Основным показателем эффективности оборудования является коэффициент полезного действия. Необходимо учитывать характеристики надежности и производительности. Основным узлом оборудования является механизм орбитального движения. Его работа протекает с возникновением и преодолением сил трения. Это обстоятельство существенно влияет на полезное использование энергии. Существуют несколько базовых конструкций орбитальных механизмов. Проведен анализ их работы, определены недостатки и пути их устранения. Цель статьи состоит в создании эффективного оборудования и обосновании предложенных инноваций. Их использование обеспечивает максимальную эффективность и надежность, а также минимальную себестоимость производства. Статья является результатом экспериментальных и теоретических исследований, которые выполняются на кафедре механики пластичности материалов и ресурсосберегающих процессов Национального технического университета Украины "КПИ"

Cell signalling by reactive lipid species: new concepts and molecular mechanisms

The process of lipid peroxidation is widespread in biology and is mediated through both enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways. A significant proportion of the oxidized lipid products are electrophilic in nature, the RLS (reactive lipid species), and react with cellular nucleophiles such as the amino acids cysteine, lysine and histidine. Cell signalling by electrophiles appears to be limited to the modification of cysteine residues in proteins, whereas non-specific toxic effects involve modification of other nucleophiles. RLS have been found to participate in several physiological pathways including resolution of inflammation, cell death and induction of cellular antioxidants through the modification of specific signalling proteins. The covalent modification of proteins endows some unique features to this signalling mechanism which we have termed the ‘covalent advantage’. For example, covalent modification of signalling proteins allows for the accumulation of a signal over time. The activation of cell signalling pathways by electrophiles is hierarchical and depends on a complex interaction of factors such as the intrinsic chemical reactivity of the electrophile, the intracellular domain to which it is exposed and steric factors. This introduces the concept of electrophilic signalling domains in which the production of the lipid electrophile is in close proximity to the thiol-containing signalling protein. In addition, we propose that the role of glutathione and associated enzymes is to insulate the signalling domain from uncontrolled electrophilic stress. The persistence of the signal is in turn regulated by the proteasomal pathway which may itself be subject to redox regulation by RLS. Cell death mediated by RLS is associated with bioenergetic dysfunction, and the damaged proteins are probably removed by the lysosome-autophagy pathway

HOCl-modified phosphatidylcholines induce apoptosis and redox imbalance in HUVEC-ST cells

Electrophilic attack of hypochlorous acid on unsaturated bonds of fatty acyl chains is known to result mostly in chlorinated products that show cytotoxicity to some cell lines and were found in biological systems exposed to HOCl. This study aimed to investigate more deeply the products and the mechanism underlying cytotoxicity of phospholipid-HOCl oxidation products, synthesized by the reaction of HOCl with 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-, 1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-, and 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonyl-phosphatidylcholine. Phospholipid chlorohydrins were found to be the most abundant among obtained products. HOCl-modified lipids were cytotoxic towards HUVEC-ST (endothelial cells), leading to a decrease of mitochondrial potential and an increase in the number of apoptotic cells. These effects were accompanied by an increase of the level of active caspase-3 and caspase-7, while the caspase-3/-7 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO dramatically decreased the number of apoptotic cells. Phospholipid-HOCl oxidation products were shown to affect cell proliferation by a concentration-dependent cell cycle arrest in the G/G phase and activating redox sensitive p38 kinase. The redox imbalance observed in HUVEC-ST cells exposed to modified phosphatidylcholines was accompanied by an increase in ROS level, and a decrease in glutathione content and antioxidant capacity of cell extracts

Alkylation of the Tumor Suppressor PTEN Activates Akt and β-Catenin Signaling: A Mechanism Linking Inflammation and Oxidative Stress with Cancer

PTEN, a phosphoinositide-3-phosphatase, serves dual roles as a tumor suppressor and regulator of cellular anabolic/catabolic metabolism. Adaptation of a redox-sensitive cysteinyl thiol in PTEN for signal transduction by hydrogen peroxide may have superimposed a vulnerability to other mediators of oxidative stress and inflammation, especially reactive carbonyl species, which are commonly occurring by-products of arachidonic acid peroxidation. Using MCF7 and HEK-293 cells, we report that several reactive aldehydes and ketones, e.g. electrophilic α,β-enals (acrolein, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal) and α,β-enones (prostaglandin A2, Δ12-prostaglandin J2 and 15-deoxy-Δ-12,14-prostaglandin J2) covalently modify and inactivate cellular PTEN, with ensuing activation of PKB/Akt kinase; phosphorylation of Akt substrates; increased cell proliferation; and increased nuclear β-catenin signaling. Alkylation of PTEN by α,β-enals/enones and interference with its restraint of cellular PKB/Akt signaling may accentuate hyperplastic and neoplastic disorders associated with chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, or aging

Egenvård vid diabetes mellitus typ 2 - En litteraturöversikt.

Bakgrund: Enligt världshälsoorganisationen WHO har 347 miljoner människor diabetes runt om i världen. WHO menar att diabetes kommer vara den sjunde ledande orsaken till död år 2030. Diabetes typ 2 kan vara genetiskt betingad och den påverkas av livsstilsfaktorer såsom kost, motion, ålder och tobaksvanor. Vilket innebär att det är viktigt att diabetiker har kunskap och rätt tillvägagångssätt för att kunna hantera och utföra egenvårdsaktiviteter. Sjuksköterskans roll är att stödja och främja egenvården. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa vårdsökande personers upplevelser av egenvård vid diabetes mellitus typ 2. Metod: En litteraturöversikt som sammanställdes av 12 kvalitativa artiklar. Resultat: Upplevelser av rädsla, kunskapsbrist, och svårigheter med att göra val som gynnar egenvård framkom. Sociala relationer visar sig också spela stor roll då utanförskap är en upplevelse som hindrade egenvården. Socialt stöd är viktigt för egenvården, brist på stöd medförde svårigheter i hanterandet av egenvården Slutsats: Litteraturöversikten tyder på att närstående bör involveras och utbildas mer för kunna stödja den diabetesdrabbade i utförandet av egenvård. Framtida forskning bör vara inriktad på hur sjukvårdspersonal förmedlar kunskap till personer med diabetes mellitus typ 2. Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) has 347 million people diabetes around the world. (WHO) says that diabetes will be the seventh leading cause of death by 2030. Type 2 diabetes may be genetically determined and influenced by lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, age and smoking habits. Which means that it is important that diabetics have the proper approach to manage and perform self-care activities. The nurse's role is to support and promote self-care. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to highlight people who seeks healthcare and their experiences of self-care in diabetes mellitus type 2.  Method: A literature review based on 12 qualitative articles where analyzed. Results: Experiences of fear, lack of knowledge, and difficulties in making choices that favor self-care emerged. Social relationships also appears to play a major role when alienation is an experience that prevented self-care. Social support is important for self-care, lack of support led to difficulties in managing their self-care. Conclusion: Next of kin should be involved and more educated to be able to support the person who sufferers from diabetes to promote self-care. Future research should focus on how health care professionals bring knowledge to people with diabetes mellitus type 2

Egenvård vid diabetes mellitus typ 2 - En litteraturöversikt.

Bakgrund: Enligt världshälsoorganisationen WHO har 347 miljoner människor diabetes runt om i världen. WHO menar att diabetes kommer vara den sjunde ledande orsaken till död år 2030. Diabetes typ 2 kan vara genetiskt betingad och den påverkas av livsstilsfaktorer såsom kost, motion, ålder och tobaksvanor. Vilket innebär att det är viktigt att diabetiker har kunskap och rätt tillvägagångssätt för att kunna hantera och utföra egenvårdsaktiviteter. Sjuksköterskans roll är att stödja och främja egenvården. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa vårdsökande personers upplevelser av egenvård vid diabetes mellitus typ 2. Metod: En litteraturöversikt som sammanställdes av 12 kvalitativa artiklar. Resultat: Upplevelser av rädsla, kunskapsbrist, och svårigheter med att göra val som gynnar egenvård framkom. Sociala relationer visar sig också spela stor roll då utanförskap är en upplevelse som hindrade egenvården. Socialt stöd är viktigt för egenvården, brist på stöd medförde svårigheter i hanterandet av egenvården Slutsats: Litteraturöversikten tyder på att närstående bör involveras och utbildas mer för kunna stödja den diabetesdrabbade i utförandet av egenvård. Framtida forskning bör vara inriktad på hur sjukvårdspersonal förmedlar kunskap till personer med diabetes mellitus typ 2. Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) has 347 million people diabetes around the world. (WHO) says that diabetes will be the seventh leading cause of death by 2030. Type 2 diabetes may be genetically determined and influenced by lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, age and smoking habits. Which means that it is important that diabetics have the proper approach to manage and perform self-care activities. The nurse's role is to support and promote self-care. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to highlight people who seeks healthcare and their experiences of self-care in diabetes mellitus type 2.  Method: A literature review based on 12 qualitative articles where analyzed. Results: Experiences of fear, lack of knowledge, and difficulties in making choices that favor self-care emerged. Social relationships also appears to play a major role when alienation is an experience that prevented self-care. Social support is important for self-care, lack of support led to difficulties in managing their self-care. Conclusion: Next of kin should be involved and more educated to be able to support the person who sufferers from diabetes to promote self-care. Future research should focus on how health care professionals bring knowledge to people with diabetes mellitus type 2