State determination: an iterative algorithm

An iterative algorithm for state determination is presented that uses as physical input the probability distributions for the eigenvalues of two or more observables in an unknown state $\Phi$. Starting form an arbitrary state $\Psi_{0}$, a succession of states $\Psi_{n}$ is obtained that converges to $\Phi$ or to a Pauli partner. This algorithm for state reconstruction is efficient and robust as is seen in the numerical tests presented and is a useful tool not only for state determination but also for the study of Pauli partners. Its main ingredient is the Physical Imposition Operator that changes any state to have the same physical properties, with respect to an observable, of another state.Comment: 11 pages 3 figure

Mediating towards digital inclusion: the monitors of internet access places

Local dynamics play a key role in individual and collective empowerment for digital literacy and citizenship. This paper presents the results and reflections from a broader investigation into the public Internet access places in Portugal in the inland municipalities of the country's coast, undertaken by ObLID Network. Specifically, we intend to reflect on the actual mission of these places and reveal the actual profile, activities and training needs of their monitors and coordinators. In the first stage of the empirical study, several documents available on the Internet Spaces Network are analyzed. In the second stage, a questionnaire was applied to monitors and coordinators of the Internet access places, in seventeen Portuguese municipalities. The research results warn of the need to redefine and clarify the social and educational value of Internet spaces, indicating that the dominant activities of monitors in the Internet access places do not induce the foster of literacy and digital inclusion of the most vulnerable groups. In this context, actions are proposed that can contribute to improving the mission of Internet places, as well as the training quality of their monitors and coordinators. Internet Access Spaces, made available by municipalities, should be used to promote digital literacy programs, for individuals and groups.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Las víctimas del delito y el abuso del poder del terrorismo

[ES] El fenómeno del terrorismo provoca graves problemas políticos, económicos y sociales, no sólo al Estado sino a las víctimas, a sus familiares y a toda la comunidad, presentándose actualmente con nuevas técnicas y estrategias, potenciado por la globalización. Partiendo de la definición de terrorismo, y analizando brevemente la tipología de terroristas, se estudian las diferentes formas de victimación, su impacto, así como las estrategias y respuestas victimológicas, examinando asimismo los diferentes modelos de atención frente a este fenómeno.[EU] Terrorismoaren fenomenoak arazo politiko, ekonomiko eta sozialak sortarazten ditu, ez bakarrik Estatuari baizik eta kaltetuei, beraien senideei eta komunitate osoari ere. Globalizazioak indartuta, egun teknika eta estrategia berriekin agertzen zaigu. Terrorismoaren definizioa kontutan hartuta, eta terrorista desberdinen tipologia aztertu eta gero, biktimazio forma desberdinak hausnartzen dira, bere eragina, estrategia eta erantzun biktimologikoak, eta era berean fenomeno honi aurre egiteko laguntza eredu desberdinak aztertzen dira.[FR] Le phénomène du terrorisme provoque des sérieux problèmes politiques, économiques et sociaux, non seulement à l’État mais aux victimes, à sa famille et à toute la communauté, se déployant actuellement avec de nouvelles techniques et stratégies, renforcé par la globalisation. En partant de la définition de terrorisme,et en analysant brièvement la typologie de terroristes, on étudie les différentes formes de victimisation, son impact, ainsi que les stratégies et les réponses de la Victimologie, en examinant aussi les différents modèles d’assistance face à ce phénomène.[EN] Terrorism produces serious politic, economic and social problems, not only for the Estate but for victims, relatives and the whole community too. Now it is present through new techniques and strategies, boosted by globalization. Starting from the definition of terrorism, and analysing briefly the typology of terrorists, different forms of victimization and their impact as well as strategies and victimological responses are studied, and different models to face these phenomena are examined

New insights into the structure of early-type galaxies: the Photometric Plane at z~0.3

We study the Photometric Plane (PHP), namely the relation between the effective radius re, the mean surface brightness within that radius e, and the Sersic index n, in optical (R and I) and near-infrared (K) bands for a large sample of early-type galaxies (ETGs) in the rich cluster MS1008-1224 at z=0.306. The PHP relation has an intrinsic dispersion of ~32% in re, and turns out to be independent of waveband. This result is consistent with the fact that internal colour gradients of ETGs can have only a mild dependence on galaxy luminosity (mass). There is no evidence for a significant curvature in the PHP. We show that this can be explained if this relation origins from a systematic variation of the specific entropy of ETGs along the galaxy sequence, as was suggested from previous works. The intrinsic scatter of the PHP is significantly smaller than for other purely photometric relations, such as the Kormendy relation and the photometric Fundamental Plane, which is constructed by using colours in place of velocity dispersions. The scatter does not depend on the waveband and the residuals about the plane do not correlate with residuals of the colour-magnitude relation. Finally, we compare the coefficients of the PHP at z~0.3 with those of ETGs at z~0, showing that the PHP is a valuable tool to constrain the luminosity evolution of ETGs with redshift. The slopes of the PHP do not change significantly with redshift, while the zero-point is consistent with cosmological dimming of the surface brightness in an expanding universe plus the passive fading of galaxy stellar populations with a high formation redshift (z_f >1-2).Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures, MNRAS in pres

Correlações canônicas entre características morfológicas, físicas e bromatológicas do capim Xaraés sob pastejo rotativo

In forage evaluation experiments, the assessment of adaptive and productive characteristics of genotypes is generally prioritized over qualitative responses such as nutritive value and voluntary intake. Methods that are capable of characterizing forage quality through the physical resistance to degradation have been proposed, including grinding resistance and shearing resistance. Canonical correlations establish a multivariate approach associating multiple variables depicting inter-relations studies between groups of dependent and independent variables. The objective of this research was to assess the degree of association among groups of quality-related responses of grazed Xaraés palisadegrass forage using canonical correlations among morphological, chemical and physical characteristics of forage samples. Only the first canonical pair was significant in the correlation between the morphological and physical variables. Between morphological and chemical variables, none of the canonical pairs were significant. In the canonical correlation between physical and chemical variables, the only significant canonical pair was the first, where forage with lower shearing resistance of leaves and stems, had higher concentration of crude protein in leaves and whole forage, lower concentration of neutral detergent fiber in leaves and whole forage, and higher digestibility of leaves and stems. The study of canonical correlations allowed to explain the relation between groups of qualitative variables of grazed Xaraés palisadegrass, and is highly significant between morphological and physical variables, and between physical than chemical variables.Em experimentos de avaliação de forrageiras muitas vezes são priorizadas as análises de adaptação e produtividade e posteriormente parâmetros de valor nutritivo e consumo. Através de estudos para melhor caracterizar a qualidade de forrageiras por meio de sua resistência física foram propostas técnicas tais como a resistência à moagem e a resistência ao cisalhamento. Análise de correlação canônica é uma abordagem estatística sobre múltiplas variáveis que facilita o estudo de inter-relações entre grupos de variáveis dependentes e independentes. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o grau de associação entre grupos de respostas qualitativas da forragem do capim Xaraés sob pastejo utilizando correlações canônicas entre características morfológicas, bromatológicas e físicas de amostras de forragem. Apenas o primeiro par canônico foi significativo na correlação entre variáveis morfológicas e físicas. Na análise de correlação canônica entre variáveis morfológicas e bromatológicas, nenhum dos pares canônicos foi significativo. Na correlação canônica entre variáveis físicas e bromatológicas, apenas o primeiro par foi significativo, onde forragem com menor resistência ao cisalhamento de colmos e folhas, possui maior concentração de proteína bruta (PB) nas folhas e na forragem íntegra, menores concentrações de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) nas folhas e na forragem íntegra e alta digestibilidade de folhas e colmos. O estudo de correlações canônicas permitiu explicar a relação entre grupos de variáveis qualitativas do capim Xaraés sob pastejo, e é significativa entre variáveis morfológicas e físicas, e entre físicas versus bromatológicas

Correlações canônicas entre características morfológicas, físicas e bromatológicas do capim Xaraés sob pastejo rotativo

In forage evaluation experiments, the assessment of adaptive and productive characteristics of genotypes is generally prioritized over qualitative responses such as nutritive value and voluntary intake. Methods that are capable of characterizing forage quality through the physical resistance to degradation have been proposed, including grinding resistance and shearing resistance. Canonical correlations establish a multivariate approach associating multiple variables depicting inter-relations studies between groups of dependent and independent variables. The objective of this research was to assess the degree of association among groups of quality-related responses of grazed Xaraés palisadegrass forage using canonical correlations among morphological, chemical and physical characteristics of forage samples. Only the first canonical pair was significant in the correlation between the morphological and physical variables. Between morphological and chemical variables, none of the canonical pairs were significant. In the canonical correlation between physical and chemical variables, the only significant canonical pair was the first, where forage with lower shearing resistance of leaves and stems, had higher concentration of crude protein in leaves and whole forage, lower concentration of neutral detergent fiber in leaves and whole forage, and higher digestibility of leaves and stems. The study of canonical correlations allowed to explain the relation between groups of qualitative variables of grazed Xaraés palisadegrass, and is highly significant between morphological and physical variables, and between physical than chemical variables.Em experimentos de avaliação de forrageiras muitas vezes são priorizadas as análises de adaptação e produtividade e posteriormente parâmetros de valor nutritivo e consumo. Através de estudos para melhor caracterizar a qualidade de forrageiras por meio de sua resistência física foram propostas técnicas tais como a resistência à moagem e a resistência ao cisalhamento. Análise de correlação canônica é uma abordagem estatística sobre múltiplas variáveis que facilita o estudo de inter-relações entre grupos de variáveis dependentes e independentes. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o grau de associação entre grupos de respostas qualitativas da forragem do capim Xaraés sob pastejo utilizando correlações canônicas entre características morfológicas, bromatológicas e físicas de amostras de forragem. Apenas o primeiro par canônico foi significativo na correlação entre variáveis morfológicas e físicas. Na análise de correlação canônica entre variáveis morfológicas e bromatológicas, nenhum dos pares canônicos foi significativo. Na correlação canônica entre variáveis físicas e bromatológicas, apenas o primeiro par foi significativo, onde forragem com menor resistência ao cisalhamento de colmos e folhas, possui maior concentração de proteína bruta (PB) nas folhas e na forragem íntegra, menores concentrações de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) nas folhas e na forragem íntegra e alta digestibilidade de folhas e colmos. O estudo de correlações canônicas permitiu explicar a relação entre grupos de variáveis qualitativas do capim Xaraés sob pastejo, e é significativa entre variáveis morfológicas e físicas, e entre físicas versus bromatológicas

Challenges for the Control of Poultry Red Mite (<em>Dermanyssus gallinae</em>)

The Poultry Red Mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, is an ectoparasite which is considered the major pest for the egg-laying industry. The mite hides in crevices and cracks during daylight and feed on the blood of the hens in the darkness. It can also parasitize other bird and mammal species, including man that can develop gamasoidosis when bitten at work or private residences. The control of the mite infestations has relied in synthetic acaricides, but the development of resistances and the restricted list of authorized products make fundamental the development of novel control measure. The combination of alternative control measures, such as monitoring of the mite infestation, plant-derived products, inner dusts, biological control and vaccines, poses as the best way for achieving satisfactory results

Fornecimento de água dentro do comedouro e efeitos no desempenho, carcaça e efluentes da produção de suínos.

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Nitrofurazone and its nitroheterocyclic analogues: a study of the electrochemical behavior in aqueous medium

The biological action of drugs with potential antichagasic activities can be better understood by knowing their reduction mechanism. For this proposal, the electrochemical reduction of nitrofurazone (NF) and its analogues, nitrofurfurilidene thiosemicarbazone (NFS), nitrothiophene semicarbazone (NT), nitrothiophene thiosemicarbazone (NTS), was studied by differential pulse and cyclic voltammetries and chronoamperometry in aqueous medium by using a glassy carbon electrode. Those three synthetic analogues have oxygen and sulfur atoms arranged between the nitroheterocyclic ring (furan and thiophene, respectively) and the carbonyl group (semicarbazone and thiosemicarbazone, respectively). The respective hydroxylamine derivatives are the main products formed in acidic medium, being its formation linearly pH dependent. Although chronoamperometric data show that this reduction involves 4 electrons, its corresponding reduction voltammetric wave, in alkaline medium, is unfolded and a reversible reduction peak at a more positive potential appears. This peak is characterized as a nitro anion radical formation, whose decay is caused by a disproportionation reaction. Its kinetic stability was studied by the current ratio values of the R - NO2/R - NO2•- redox couple and the second-order constant (k2) was determined, being NTS the analogue that registered the highest stability.A compreensão do mecanismo de redução de compostos com potencial atividade antichagásica pode contribuir para o melhor entendimento de sua ação biológica. Com este objetivo, a redução eletroquímica de nitrofural (nitrofurazona, NF) e seus análogos, nitrofurfurilideno tiossemicarbazona (NFS), nitrotiofeno semicarbazona (NT), nitrotiofeno tiossemicarbazona (NTS), foi estudada pelas voltametrias de pulso diferencial, cíclica e cronoamperometria em meio aquoso, utilizando eletrodo de carbono vítreo. Esses três análogos sintéticos apresentam átomos de oxigênio e de enxofre distribuídos no anel heterocíclico (furano e tiofeno, respectivamente) e no grupo carbonila (semicarbazona e tiossemicarbazona, respectivamente). A hidroxilamina é o principal produto formado em meio ácido, sendo sua formação linearmente dependente do pH. A cronoamperometria mostrou que esta redução envolve 4 elétrons. Entretanto, em meio alcalino, esta onda de redução é desdobrada e um pico reversível a potencial mais positivo foi registrado, correspondendo à formação nitro ânion radical. O nitro ânion radical sofre desproporcionamento e sua estabilidade cinética foi avaliada aplicando a razão de corrente correspondente ao par reversível R - NO2/R - NO2•- e as constantes de segunda ordem (k2) foram determinadas. A partir dos valores de k2 observou-se que o análogo NTS registrou a maior estabilidade.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Departmento de FarmáciaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departmento de Ciências Exatas e da TerraUNIFESP, Departmento de Ciências Exatas e da TerraProc. 2011/11499-0SciEL