¿Qué es relevante históricamente? Pensamiento histórico a través de las narrativas de los estudiantes universitarios

Resumen El objetivo es conocer a qué acontecimientos históricos atribuyen relevancia los estudiantes del Grado de Educación Primaria y en qué términos lo hacen. Para ello se analizan los patrones de pensamiento histórico que poseen los futuros docentes. Se centra la atención en el estudio de la denominada relevancia histórica. A través de pequeñas narrativas se han analizado cuáles son las capacidades del futuro docente en relación a este concepto básico del pensamiento histórico, lo cual aporta interesantes indicios acerca de cómo el alumnado entiende la historia y bajo qué premisas la narra. Para ello se han procesado 107 pequeñas narrativas construidas grupalmente por 520 individuos, todos ellos estudiantes universitarios del grado de Educación Primaria. Los textos se recopilaron durante tres cursos académicos y se analizaron siguiendo una metodología cualitativa a partir de la categorización de sus contenidos. Los resultados demuestran que los futuros docentes cuentan con unos conocimientos históricos mínimos, la mayoría de ellos limitados a los episodios que marcan los cambios de etapa histórica. Estos acontecimientos de transición entre etapas son para ellos los más relevantes de la historia de la humanidad obviando otros. Algunas de las implicaciones para su futura labor como docentes son una gran limitación de los contenidos a enseñar o una excesiva dependencia del libro de texto, entre otras. Esto lleva al desarrollo de enseñanzas basadas en la memorización y en la ausencia de reflexión sobre la propia narración histórica obviando por tanto el análisis de la relevancia de algunos eventos históricos

The Amsterdam Declaration on Fungal Nomenclature

The Amsterdam Declaration on Fungal Nomenclature was agreed at an international symposium convened in Amsterdam on 19–20 April 2011 under the auspices of the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF). The purpose of the symposium was to address the issue of whether or how the current system of naming pleomorphic fungi should be maintained or changed now that molecular data are routinely available. The issue is urgent as mycologists currently follow different practices, and no consensus was achieved by a Special Committee appointed in 2005 by the International Botanical Congress to advise on the problem. The Declaration recognizes the need for an orderly transitition to a single-name nomenclatural system for all fungi, and to provide mechanisms to protect names that otherwise then become endangered. That is, meaning that priority should be given to the first described name, except where that is a younger name in general use when the first author to select a name of a pleomorphic monophyletic genus is to be followed, and suggests controversial cases are referred to a body, such as the ICTF, which will report to the Committee for Fungi. If appropriate, the ICTF could be mandated to promote the implementation of the Declaration. In addition, but not forming part of the Declaration, are reports of discussions held during the symposium on the governance of the nomenclature of fungi, and the naming of fungi known only from an environmental nucleic acid sequence in particular. Possible amendments to the Draft BioCode (2011) to allow for the needs of mycologists are suggested for further consideration, and a possible example of how a fungus only known from the environment might be described is presented

Environnements marins et santé humaine

Les environnements marins arctiques et subarctiques subissent des changements rapides et importants liés au réchauffement climatique. La diminution drastique du couvert et du volume de glace de mer a des répercussions importantes sur les processus physiques, chimiques et biologiques, ainsi que sur la dynamique énergétique des réseaux trophiques. Les changements dans la glace de mer et la quantité de lumière qui pénètre dans la partie supérieure de l'océan peuvent affecter de manière significative la croissance des algues unicellulaires autotrophes et, par conséquent, la disponibilité de biomolécules essentielles qui sont ensuite incorporées à des niveaux trophiques supérieurs. Il a également été démontré que les eaux chaudes libres de glace et les modifications des courants océaniques qui en découlent favorisent l'expansion vers le nord d’espèces boréales et modifient la disponibilité des acides gras essentiels, en raison de nouvelles interactions ascendantes (bottom-up) et descendantes (top-down). Ces changements dans les réseaux trophiques marins et la dynamique des contaminants qui y est associée peuvent avoir des effets en cascade sur les communautés nordiques qui dépendent d'aliments traditionnels issus de la mer. Ce chapitre rassemble une sélection de résultats du programme Sentinelle Nord qui abordent des questions de recherche interdisciplinaire qui concernent les changements liés au climat dans la production primaire et la dynamique des réseaux trophiques, notamment la disponibilité et la qualité de composés essentiels ; le flux d'énergie à travers les principaux organismes des écosystèmes marins arctiques et subarctiques ; et le rôle des aliments traditionnels marins dans l'exposition aux contaminants et la santé humaine

Changing arctic and subarctic marine environments and implications for human health

Arctic and Subarctic marine environments are experiencing rapid and significant changes associated with climate warming. The drastic decrease in sea ice extent and thickness has important ramifications for physical, chemical and biological processes and energy dynamics of food webs. Changes in sea ice and the amount of light entering the upper ocean can significantly affect the growth of autotrophic single-celled algae and therefore the availability of essential biomolecules that are eventually incorporated into new biomass at higher trophic levels. Ice-free warmer waters and consequent changes in ocean currents have also been shown to drive the northward expansion of boreal species and the availability of essential fatty acids through novel interactions occurring in both bottom-up and top-down interactions. These changes in marine food webs and associated contaminant dynamics can lead to cascading effects on northern coastal communities that rely on country foods of high nutritional quality. This chapter gathers a selection of research results from the Sentinel North program that address interdisciplinary and ecosystem-level research questions that pertain to climate-related changes in primary production and food web dynamics, notably the availability and quality of essentials compounds; the trophic flux of energy through the major biota of Arctic and Subarctic marine ecosystems; and the role of marine country foods in contaminants exposure and human health

Compendium of research 2017-2022 : environment, health, innovation

In the context of accelerating climate change and socioeconomic development in the Arctic and Subarctic, the Sentinel North research program at Université Laval helps generate the knowledge needed to improve our understanding of the changing northern environment and its impact on humans and their health. Addressing the complex issues brought on by these changes requires a research approach that transcends traditional disciplinary boundaries. Sentinel North fosters the convergence of expertise in the engineering, natural, social and health sciences to catalyze scientific discovery and innovation in support of sustainable health and development in the North. This compendium gathers a selection of research results from the Sentinel North program from 2017 to 2022. Results have been integrated into five interdisciplinary chapters addressing major northern issues

Compendium de recherche 2017-2022 environnement, santé, innovation

Dans le contexte d'un changement climatique et d'un développement socio-économique accéléré dans l'Arctique et le Subarctique, le programme de recherche Sentinelle Nord de l'Université Laval contribue à la génération des connaissances nécessaires pour améliorer notre compréhension de l'environnement nordique en évolution et de son impact sur les humains et leur santé. Aborder les problèmes complexes résultant de ces changements nécessite une approche de recherche qui transcende les frontières disciplinaires traditionnelles. Sentinelle Nord favorise la convergence d'expertises en ingénierie, sciences naturelles, sociales et de la santé pour catalyser la découverte scientifique et l'innovation en soutien à une santé et un développement durables dans le Nord. Ce recueil rassemble une sélection de résultats de recherche du programme Sentinelle Nord de 2017 à 2022. Les résultats ont été intégrés dans cinq chapitres interdisciplinaires abordant les principaux enjeux nordiques

P-LAYERS:a layered framework addressing the multifaceted issues facing community-supporting public display deployments

The proliferation of digital signage systems has prompted a wealth of research that attempts to use public displays for more than just advertisement or transport schedules, such as their use for supporting communities. However, deploying and maintaining display systems “in the wild” that can support communities is challenging. Based on the authors’ experiences in designing and fielding a diverse range of community-supporting public display deployments, we identify a large set of challenges and issues that researchers working in this area are likely to encounter. Grouping them into five distinct layers -- (1) hardware, (2) system architecture, (3) content, (4) system interaction, and (5) community interaction design -- we draw up the P-LAYERS framework to enable a more systematic appreciation of the diverse range of issues associated with the development, the deployment, and the maintenance of such systems. Using three of our own deployments as illustrative examples, we will describe both our experiences within each individual layer, as well as point out interactions between the layers. We believe our framework provides a valuable aid for researchers looking to work in this space, alerting them to the issues they are likely to encounter during their deployments, and help them plan accordingly