Impact of rectifier metal-semiconductor contact geometry on electrical properties of Schottky diodes with Mg3N2 interfacial layer

The Ag/Mg3N2/p-Si heterojunction diode (HD) with rectifier contacts (RCs) with the same area in various geometries were fabricated through thermal evaporation, and the electrical performances of these diodes was compared. The geometry of the RC was found to affect various electrical properties such as ideality factor, saturation current and barrier height of HD, the rectifier rate, and the leakage current of the diodes. The experimental demonstrated the HD with a circular RC exhibited a higher rectifying ratio and lower leakage current compared to the other RCs. Hence, the design and optimization of the RC play a critical role in achieving the desired electrical properties of diode. These diodes, featuring an Mg3N2 interfacial layer and showcasing photoconductive behavior, can be utilized as photodiodes in various optoelectronic devices

Managerial ethical principles and behaviours for nurse managers: A Delphi method

Background: Managerial ethical principles and behaviours guide the roles, duties, responsibilities, behaviours, and relationships of nurse managers in healthcare institutions. Research objectives: The aim of this study was to establish the managerial ethical principles and behaviours for nurse managers. Research question: What are the managerial ethical principles and behaviours for nurse managers? Research design: The Delphi method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in this study. The Delphi process consisted of two rounds. Data were collected by e-Delphi technique. Participations: 42 experts were included in the first Delphi round and 39 in the second Delphi round. These experts consisted of nurse managers, academicians studying in the field of ethics and nursing management. Ethical considerations: Participation in the study was voluntary and informed consent of the experts was obtained before the study. Approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the university at which the researcher worked (Approval date: 24.07.2020, Decision No: 2020/12-16). Findings: At the end of the Delphi rounds, eight managerial ethical principles and 29 ethical behaviours of these principles were identified. The distribution of these behaviours and principles were: justice (six behaviours), equality (two behaviours), honesty (two behaviours), fairness (two behaviours), responsibility (eight behaviours), confidentiality (two behaviours), clarity (two behaviours), and humanity (five behaviours). Conclusion: These managerial ethical principles and behaviours are intended to guide nurse managers when providing nursing services but should be updated accordingly in line with changing conditions and developments

Cyclophosphamide stimulates endoplasmic reticulum stress and induces apoptotic cell death in human glioblastoma cell lines

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an alkylating chemotherapeutic agent commonly used in cancer treatments. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide (4-HC), which is active form of CP, on glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), phospho-protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase (p-PERK), phospho-inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (p-IRE1α), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α), and caspase-3 messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) and proteins that play roles in the ER stress pathway and apoptosis in U87 and T98 human glioblastoma cell lines. U87 and T98 human glioblastoma cell lines were divided into control and 4-HC-treated groups. Cell viability assay was used to detect the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for 24 hours of 4-HC. Immunocytochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) methods were used to evaluate the levels of proteins and their mRNAs. The IC50 values of U87 and T98 cells were calculated as 15.67±0.58 μM and 19.92±1 μM, respectively. The levels of GRP78, ATF6, p-PERK, p-IRE1α, eIF2α, and caspase-3 protein expressions in the 4-HC-treated group compared to that in the control group. These increased protein expressions also were correlated with the mRNA levels. The ER stress signal pathway could be active in 4-HC-induced cell death. Further studies of ER-related stress mechanisms in anticancer treatment would be important for effective therapeutic strategies

Global disparities in surgeons’ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study

The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSS®&nbsp;v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 ± 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 ± 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 ± 4.9 and 7.8 ± 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 ± 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity &gt; 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI.</p

Brid İleus deyip geçmemek!

AMAÇ:Kolorektal cerrahi sonrası postoperatif ileus nadir olmayan bir komplikasyondur. Fizyolojik olarak barsak hareketlerinin yavaşlaması, patolojik ek süreçler ile ileusgelişebilir. Non-operatif yönetim ile bir çok vakada sonuç alınırken evisserasyon ve sonrasında gelişebilecek ileus ve barsak yaralanmaları ciddi morbidite oluşturur vecerrahi müdahale gerektirir.YÖNTEM:Her iki vakada kolorektal kanser cerrahisi sonrası gözlenen evisserasyona bağlı erken ileus tablosu sunulmaktadır.BULGULAR:Vaka-175 yaşında ko-morbiditeleri olan kadın hastada gelişen kabızlık ve kilo kaybı şikayetine yönelik yapılan kolonoskopide hepatik fleksurada lümeni tama yakın ülserovejetankitle izlendi. Radyolojik incelemede uzak metastaz saptanmadı. Subileus kliniği olan hastada sağ hemikolektomi ve ileokolik anastomoz yapıldı. Postoperatif 8. günde ileustablosu gelişti. Batın distandü idi.Evisserasyon şüphesi nedeniyle çekilen batın BT'de orta hatta 45 mm lik insizyonel fasya defekti ve irredükte barsak ansı gözlendi. Acilopere edilerek herniye ans batına redükte edildi. Nazogastrik ile proksimale ince barsaklar sağıldı. Fasya prepere edilerek kapatıldı. Postoperatif 16. günde eksterne edildi.Vaka-271 yaş erkek hastaya yapılan kolonoskopide distal rektumda ülserevejetatif kitle saptandı.Biyopsi sonucu adenokarsinom olarak raporlanan hastaya neoadjuvan KRTuygulandı.KRT sonrası tama yakın yanıt alınan hastaya, yaşı,ko-morbid durumları ve kendi isteği göz önüne alınarak abdominoperineal rezeksiyon yapıldı. Postoperatif 11. gündeileus gelişti.Çekilen batın BT sinde ince barsak seviyeli ileus saptandı. Yapılan laparatomide bridler gözlendi. Fasya defekti, abdominal kompartman gelişim riski oluşturangeniş barsak ansları göz önüne alınarak açık bırakıldı. Cilt sütüre edildi. Takiplerine ek komplikasyon izlenmedi. Postoperatif 9. günde eksterne edildi.SONUÇ:Kolorektal cerrahi sonrası postoperatif ileus yapan sebepler arasında evisserasyon mutlaka akılda tutulmalıdır. Her zaman aşikar evisserasyon muayene bulgularıolmaması göz önüne alınarak özellikle BT görüntüleme ile herni defektinin ve eşlik edebilecek diğer komplikasyonların değerlendirilmesi erken dönemde yapılmalıdır</p