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A genomic storm in critically injured humans
Critical injury in humans induces a genomic storm with simultaneous changes in expression of innate and adaptive immunity genes
The impact of advertising creativity, warning-based appeals and green dispositions on the attentional effectiveness of environmental advertisements
Accompanying the growing call for ecological sustainability, environmental advertising is playing an increasingly important role in green marketing to foster environmental concern and pro-environmental behavior. The present study examined the impact of two factors on people’s selective attention to green advertisements: advertising creativity (by comparing creative vs. standard advertisements) and appeal type (by comparing warning-based vs. vision-based appeals). The study also investigated the association between advertising effectiveness and individual differences in levels of green dispositions, including environmental concern and value orientation. To explore these issues the study employed a Rapid Serial Visual Presentation paradigm to measure the magnitude of the “attentional blink” arising from people attending to environmental advertisements of varying creativity and appeal type. Findings revealed a significant attentional blink effect for environmental advertising (indicative of heightened selective attention) that was greater for creative advertisements than standard advertisements. A significant association was also found between the magnitude of the attentional blink and dispositional differences in environment-related altruistic value. Results extend previous findings relating to the attentional blink as an index of advertising effectiveness, and shed light on the importance for green marketing of advertising creativity, advertising appeal and environmental value
Vaurioituneen säiliöaluksen jäissä operointi
TIIVISTELMĂ„
KYMENLAAKSON AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU
Merenkulku
ROMO, ELINA Vaurioituneen säiliöaluksen
jäissä operointi
Opinnäytetyö 37 sivua ja 15 liitesivua
Työn ohjaajat Timo Alava, Jorma Rytkönen ja
Tommy Ulmanen
Toimeksiantaja Kymenlaakson
ammattikorkeakoulun SAFGOF-hanke
Marraskuu 2010
Avainsanat talvimerenkulku,yhteentörmäys,karilleajo,
pelastus, säiliöalus, jää
Alusöljyonnettomuuksia sattuu vuosittain kaikkialla maailmassa. Niiden vakavuusaste määräytyy tilanteen, aluksen koon, sääolosuhteiden sekä paikan mukaan. Suomen ympäristökeskus on pitänyt kirjaa alusöljyvahingoista vuodesta 1969 lähtien. Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena on pohtia törmäyksessä tai pohjakosketuksessa vaurioituneen säiliöaluksen pelastus-suunnitelmaa jääolosuhteissa. Työtä varten tutkittiin erilaisia talvisaikaan sattuneita öljyonnettomuuksia, ja niiden kautta pohditaan pelastautumistapoja.
Öljyonnettomuuksia tapahtuu jatkuvasti sekä meillä että muualla. Öljyn-torjunnan tehostaminen Itämerellä on tarpeen vuosi vuodelta lisääntyneen öljynkuljetuksen vuoksi.
Alusöljyvahinkoja sattuu usein samoista syistä: aluksen karilleajo, uppoaminen tai jäähän tai toiseen alukseen törmääminen. Näiden tapausten valossa tulee ottaa huomioon lisäaspektit, jotka johtuvat sääolosuhteista. Öljyn kerääminen jäistä on huomattavasti vaikeampaa kuin avovedestä, sekä aluksen turvaan saaminen voi osoittautua erittäin vaativaksi tehtäväksi jääolosuhteissa.ABSTRACT
KYMENLAAKSON AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU
University of Applied Sciences
Maritime Technology
ROMO, ELINA Operation of Damaged
Tanker in Ice
Bachelor´s Thesis 37 pages and 15 pages
of appendices
Supervisor Timo Alava
Commissioned by Kymenlaakso University
of Applied Sciences,
SAFGOF-Project
November 2010
Keywords winter,navigation,collision, grounding, ice, salvage, tanker
In sea traffic, oil accidents occur around the world very year, and criticality is determined by the situation considering the vessel size, weather conditions and sea area. Until 1969, the Finnish Environment Institute kept records of vessel accidents. The objective of the thesis was to consider a rescue plan for a tanker which is damaged in ice conditions by collision or grounding. A variety of oil accidents which occurred in wintertime was also studied, and based on them, methods of salvage were discussed.
Oil accidents occur constantly in Finland and elsewhere. Supporting the fight against oil accidents in the Baltic Sea is necessary because of the yearly increasing oil transportation.
In sea traffic, oil accidents occur often for the same reasons: grounding, immersion or collision with ice or another vessel. In addition, the weather condition should be considered. Elimination of oil in winter condition is much more difficult than in open water, and the rescue of the vessel may prove to be a very demanding task in presence of ice