A Comparative Review on ALU using CMOS and GDI techniques for Power Dissipation and Propagation Delay

Arithmetic and Logic Circuits are to be designed with less power, compact size, less propagation delay in this fast growing era of technology. Arithmetic operations are indispensable and the basic functions for any high speed low power applications like digital signal processing, microprocessors, image processing, etc. Consumption of power is the major issue in designing these circuits. Also the number of transistors required is also the one of the issues in designing the circuits. To minimize the transistors required in designing the circuits and to reduce the power consumption of the circuits, the authors have referred some techniques to overcome these problems in this paper. By reviewing all these techniques, the authors try to implement the GDI technique to reduce the power consumption and transistors count or the area required to design the circuits

Response of Glycine max in relation to nitrogen fixation as influenced by fungicide seed treatment

Glycine max – Rhizobium interaction is a well known symbiotic association occurring in nature and responsible for biological nitrogen fixation. Thiram a well-known fungicide has been in practice as seed dressing in order to prevent fungal colonization. In the present study the effect of various thiram concentrations is investigated. Thiram concentration beyond 500 μg/ml was observed to be highly toxic with respect to plant growth factors and rhizobial infection to the G. max. The nodulation, nodule dry weight, nitrogenase activity were observed to be maximum at 100 μg/ml of thiram. The study is useful in determining the threshold concentration of fungicide for soybean seed dressing for effective nitrogen fixation and crop yield.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 4 (7), pp. 667-671, 200

An incidental finding of primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube: a case report

Primary fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC) is a rare malignancy of female genital tract that histologically and clinically resemble epithelial ovarian cancer. Diagnosis of PFTC is difficult, especially at earlier stages. Most of the time it is an incidental finding. Careful surgical and pathological staging is important. It has worse prognosis than ovarian cancer as it is not routinely suspected, hence treatment is delayed.We, hereby, report a rare case of PFTC diagnosed incidentally while doing bilateral salpingoopherectomy for removal of ovarian cyst

1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde thio­semi­carbazone

The mol­ecules of the title compound, C10H10N4S, are linked by N—Hindole⋯S hydrogen bonds to form a linear hydrogen-bonded chain. There are two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit

Experimental studies and mathematical modelling of Inconel 600 with CVD coated TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/ZrCN inserts under dry machining Conditions

Inconel 600 is a nickel-based super alloy with applications in the field of Aerospace, Nuclear energy, Heat treatment, and chemical processing industries, and is a difficult to cut material due to its high hot hardness and strength. Coated carbide inserts can improve the machinability of alloys like Inconel 600 and other super alloys. This work is about the machinability characteristics study on Inconel 600 alloy under dry turning environment with high speed machining using CVD coated TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/ZrCN cutting tool insert. Cutting speed (200, 250, and 300 m/min), feed rate (0.05, 0.1, 0.15 mm/rev), and back rake angle (-7, -5, -3°) are considered as machining process parameters. Full factorial design of experiments were performed to evaluate the performance of process parameters on surface roughness and material removal rate. It was found that surface roughness decreased with increase in cutting speed and increases with increase in feed rate. Surface roughness increases with increase in rake angle in negative direction. Material removal rate increases with increase in both cutting speed and the feed rate whereas rake angle had minimal influence. Mathematical modelling was done on the obtained results and found that Rˆ2 value for surface roughness and material removal rate were 99.14% and 98.69% respectively. Analysis of Variance on surface roughness found that feed rate* feed rate is the most influencing parameter with maximum contribution of 34.16% whereas feed rate* cutting speed parameter has maximum influence on material removal rate with contribution of 83.03 %

A study on coronary dominance and luminal diameters of major coronary arteries in cadaveric human hearts of the Maharashtra population

The study was undertaken to assess the coronary dominance and variations in luminal diameters of major coronary arteries and to compare the relation between the coronary dominance and variation in luminal diameter and between coronary dominance and number of vessels measuring less than 2.5 mm in diameter, in 75 cadaveric human hearts obtained from the Department of Anatomy from the various medical colleges of western Maharashtra, India. Out of 75 hearts, 58 (77.33%) showed right dominance, 14 (18.67%) showed left dominance and 3 (4%) showed codominant pattern. No significant difference was noted in the luminal diameters of coronary arteries (right coronary artery, marginal artery, posterior interventricular artery, left coronary artery, anterior interventricular branch, circumflex branch) among the dominance type. It was also observed that 63 hearts (84%) showed more than 2 arteries measuring less than 2.5mm in diameter. To conclude, a majority of the population has a right predominance and hence the chances of suffering from coronary artery disease are relatively less, but howe ver 84% of the sample under study had more than two coronary arteries measuring less than 2.5 mm in diameter out of the 6 arteries studied, thus increasing susceptibility of thrombosis in these arteries and therefore increasing the chances of myocardial infarction

International Review and Advisory Committee

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Gene-Centric Meta-Analysis of Lipid Traits in African, East Asian and Hispanic Populations

Meta-analyses of European populations has successfully identified genetic variants in over 100 loci associated with lipid levels, but our knowledge in other ethnicities remains limited. To address this, we performed dense genotyping of ∼2,000 candidate genes in 7,657 African Americans, 1,315 Hispanics and 841 East Asians, using the IBC array, a custom ∼50,000 SNP genotyping array. Meta-analyses confirmed 16 lipid loci previously established in European populations at genome-wide significance level, and found multiple independent association signals within these lipid loci. Initial discovery and in silico follow-up in 7,000 additional African American samples, confirmed two novel loci: rs5030359 within ICAM1 is associated with total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) $(p = 8.8×10^{−7} and p = 1.5×10^{−6}$ respectively) and a nonsense mutation rs3211938 within CD36 is associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels $(p = 13.5×10^{−12})$. The rs3211938-G allele, which is nearly absent in European and Asian populations, has been previously found to be associated with CD36 deficiency and shows a signature of selection in Africans and African Americans. Finally, we have evaluated the effect of SNPs established in European populations on lipid levels in multi-ethnic populations and show that most known lipid association signals span across ethnicities. However, differences between populations, especially differences in allele frequency, can be leveraged to identify novel signals, as shown by the discovery of ICAM1 and CD36 in the current report

Abdominal aortic aneurysm is associated with a variant in low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality and has a significant heritability. We carried out a genome-wide association discovery study of 1866 patients with AAA and 5435 controls and replication of promising signals (lead SNP with a p value < 1 × 10-5) in 2871 additional cases and 32,687 controls and performed further follow-up in 1491 AAA and 11,060 controls. In the discovery study, nine loci demonstrated association with AAA (p < 1 × 10-5). In the replication sample, the lead SNP at one of these loci, rs1466535, located within intron 1 of low-density-lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) demonstrated significant association (p = 0.0042). We confirmed the association of rs1466535 and AAA in our follow-up study (p = 0.035). In a combined analysis (6228 AAA and 49182 controls), rs1466535 had a consistent effect size and direction in all sample sets (combined p = 4.52 × 10-10, odds ratio 1.15 [1.10-1.21]). No associations were seen for either rs1466535 or the 12q13.3 locus in independent association studies of coronary artery disease, blood pressure, diabetes, or hyperlipidaemia, suggesting that this locus is specific to AAA. Gene-expression studies demonstrated a trend toward increased LRP1 expression for the rs1466535 CC genotype in arterial tissues; there was a significant (p = 0.029) 1.19-fold (1.04-1.36) increase in LRP1 expression in CC homozygotes compared to TT homozygotes in aortic adventitia. Functional studies demonstrated that rs1466535 might alter a SREBP-1 binding site and influence enhancer activity at the locus. In conclusion, this study has identified a biologically plausible genetic variant associated specifically with AAA, and we suggest that this variant has a possible functional role in LRP1 expression

Genome-wide association identifies nine common variants associated with fasting proinsulin levels and provides new insights into the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: Proinsulin is a precursor of mature insulin and C-peptide. Higher circulating proinsulin levels are associated with impaired β-cell function, raised glucose levels, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Studies of the insulin processing pathway could provide new insights about T2D pathophysiology. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We have conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association tests of ∼2.5 million genotyped or imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and fasting proinsulin levels in 10,701 nondiabetic adults of European ancestry, with follow-up of 23 loci in up to 16,378 individuals, using additive genetic models adjusted for age, sex, fasting insulin, and study-specific covariates. RESULTS: Nine SNPs at eight loci were associated with proinsulin levels (P < 5 × 10(-8)). Two loci (LARP6 and SGSM2) have not been previously related to metabolic traits, one (MADD) has been associated with fasting glucose, one (PCSK1) has been implicated in obesity, and four (TCF7L2, SLC30A8, VPS13C/C2CD4A/B, and ARAP1, formerly CENTD2) increase T2D risk. The proinsulin-raising allele of ARAP1 was associated with a lower fasting glucose (P = 1.7 × 10(-4)), improved β-cell function (P = 1.1 × 10(-5)), and lower risk of T2D (odds ratio 0.88; P = 7.8 × 10(-6)). Notably, PCSK1 encodes the protein prohormone convertase 1/3, the first enzyme in the insulin processing pathway. A genotype score composed of the nine proinsulin-raising alleles was not associated with coronary disease in two large case-control datasets. CONCLUSIONS: We have identified nine genetic variants associated with fasting proinsulin. Our findings illuminate the biology underlying glucose homeostasis and T2D development in humans and argue against a direct role of proinsulin in coronary artery disease pathogenesis