4,464 research outputs found
Animal bones [from Nebelivka]
In this book, a team of international authors examines the hypothesis of independent Eastern European urbanism using the evidence gathered from the multi-disciplinary investigation of the Trypillia megasite of Nebelivka
Hydrological cycle in the Danube basin in present-day and XXII century simulations by IPCCAR4 global climate models
We present an intercomparison and verification analysis of 20 GCMs (Global
Circulation Models) included in the 4th IPCC assessment report regarding their
representation of the hydrological cycle on the Danube river basin for 1961â2000
and for the 2161â2200 SRESA1B scenario runs. The basin-scale properties of the
hydrological cycle are computed by spatially integrating the precipitation, evaporation,
and runoff fields using the Voronoi-Thiessen tessellation formalism. The span of the
model- simulated mean annual water balances is of the same order of magnitude of
the observed Danube discharge of the Delta; the true value is within the range
simulated by the models. Some land components seem to have deficiencies since there
are cases of violation of water conservation when annual means are considered. The
overall performance and the degree of agreement of the GCMs are comparable to those
of the RCMs (Regional Climate Models) analyzed in a previous work, in spite of the
much higher resolution and common nesting of the RCMs. The reanalyses are shown
to feature several inconsistencies and cannot be used as a verification benchmark for
the hydrological cycle in the Danubian region. In the scenario runs, for basically all
models the water balance decreases, whereas its interannual variability increases.
Changes in the strength of the hydrological cycle are not consistent among models:
it is confirmed that capturing the impact of climate change on the hydrological cycle
is not an easy task over land areas. Moreover, in several cases we find that qualitatively
different behaviors emerge among the models: the ensemble mean does not represent
any sort of average model, and often it falls between the modelsâ clusters
Water vapor and the dynamics of climate changes
Water vapor is not only Earth's dominant greenhouse gas. Through the release
of latent heat when it condenses, it also plays an active role in dynamic
processes that shape the global circulation of the atmosphere and thus climate.
Here we present an overview of how latent heat release affects atmosphere
dynamics in a broad range of climates, ranging from extremely cold to extremely
warm. Contrary to widely held beliefs, atmospheric circulation statistics can
change non-monotonically with global-mean surface temperature, in part because
of dynamic effects of water vapor. For example, the strengths of the tropical
Hadley circulation and of zonally asymmetric tropical circulations, as well as
the kinetic energy of extratropical baroclinic eddies, can be lower than they
presently are both in much warmer climates and in much colder climates. We
discuss how latent heat release is implicated in such circulation changes,
particularly through its effect on the atmospheric static stability, and we
illustrate the circulation changes through simulations with an idealized
general circulation model. This allows us to explore a continuum of climates,
constrain macroscopic laws governing this climatic continuum, and place past
and possible future climate changes in a broader context.Comment: 22 pages, 11 figure
Inhibition of oxidative metabolism leads to p53 genetic inactivation and transformation in neural stem cells
The final published version can be found here: http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.141316511
Quantum limit transport and destruction of the Weyl nodes in TaAs
Weyl fermions are a new ingredient for correlated states of electronic
matter. A key difficulty has been that real materials also contain non-Weyl
quasiparticles, and disentangling the experimental signatures has proven
challenging. We use magnetic fields up to 95 tesla to drive the Weyl semimetal
TaAs far into its quantum limit (QL), where only the purely chiral 0th Landau
levels (LLs) of the Weyl fermions are occupied. We find the electrical
resistivity to be nearly independent of magnetic field up to 50 tesla: unusual
for conventional metals but consistent with the chiral anomaly for Weyl
fermions. Above 50 tesla we observe a two-order-of-magnitude increase in
resistivity, indicating that a gap opens in the chiral LLs. Above 80 tesla we
observe strong ultrasonic attenuation below 2 kelvin, suggesting a
mesoscopically-textured state of matter. These results point the way to
inducing new correlated states of matter in the QL of Weyl semimetals
How Art Therapists Observe Mental Health Using Formal Elements in Art Products: Structure and Variation as Indicators for Balance and Adaptability
In clinical practice, formal elements of art products are regularly used in art therapy observation to obtain insight into clientsâ mental health and provide directions for further treatment. Due to the diversity of formal elements used in existing studies and the inconsistency in the interpretation, it is unclear which formal elements contribute to insight into clientsâ mental health. In this qualitative study using Constructivist Grounded Theory, eight art therapists were interviewed in-depth to identify which formal elements they observe, how they describe mental health and how they associate formal elements with mental health. Findings of this study show that art therapists in this study observe the combination of movement, dynamic, contour and repetition (i.e., primary formal elements) with mixture of color, figuration and color saturation (i.e., secondary formal elements). Primary and secondary elements interacting together construct the structure and variation of the art product. Art therapists rarely interpret these formal elements in terms of symptoms or diagnosis. Instead, they use concepts such as balance and adaptability (i.e., self-management, openness, flexibility, and creativity). They associate balance, specifically being out of balance, with the severity of the clientsâ problem and adaptability with clientsâ strengths and resources. In the conclusion of the article we discuss the findingsâ implications for practice and further research
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