Pragmatic-linguistic aspects of WWF PSAs on nature protection

The article investigates the pragmatic-linguistic aspects of two World Wide Funds for Nature (WWF) Public Service Advertisements (PSAs) on nature protection. Drawing on the theories of Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough 1995a, 1995b, 2000, 2003; van Dijk 1995; Wodak 1996), Critical Discourse Studies (van Dijk 2007;Wodak and Meyer 2015), Multimodal Critical Discourse Studies (Machin 2013), Austin’s Speech Act Theory (Austin 1962), and Searle’s classification of speech acts (Searle 1975), the paper examines the pragmatic features of PSAs, viewing each advertisement as a text (locutionary act), examining advertisement aims (illocutionary act) as well as their effect on the public (perlocutionary act). The analysis of PSAs as illocutionary and perlocutionary acts reveals intentional application of argumentative and manipulative mechanisms on phonetic, lexical, syntactical and semiotic levels

Computer simulation of stress-strain states in zygomatic bones after complex installation of implants

The research addresses evaluation of stress-strain state (SSS) in the “zygomatic bones–implants–denture base” system by varying the type and number of the zygomatic implants, as well as applying loads. The load magnitude was varied over a wide range, characteristic of the mastication process. Changing the adhesion conditions at the “zygomatic implant–bone tissue” interface varied both the level of maximum stress and the location of the critical stress concentrator. The local violation of the integrity of bone tissue in the skull was one of the key reasons for the redistribution of stresses in the “zigomatic implant­denture base” system. Such a phenomenon should be primarily taken into account when choosing the standard sizes of installed zygomatic implants in order to reduce the compliance of weakened areas of the skull (as the basis of the load-bearing structure). Based on the results of the FEM-based computer simulation, the algorithm was proposed for planning prosthetic treatment, which involves the iterative method for selecting both size and location of installing zygomatic implants depending on the results of the SSS calculation and the onset of a critical condition (primarily in bone tissue at the contact area with zygomatic implants)

The Thickness of the Mantle Lithosphere and Collision-Related Volcanism in the Lesser Caucasus

The Lesser Caucasus mountains sit on a transition within the Arabia–Eurasia collision zone between very thin lithosphere (<100 km) to the west, under Eastern Anatolia, and a very thick lithospheric root (up to 200 km) in the east, under western Iran. A transect of volcanic highlands running from NW to SE in the Lesser Caucasus allows us to look at the effects of lithosphere thickness variations on the geochemistry of volcanic rocks in this continental collision zone. Volcanic rocks from across the region show a wide compositional range from basanites to rhyolites, and have arc-like geochemical characteristics, typified by ubiquitous negative Nb–Ta anomalies. Magmatic rocks from the SE, where the lithosphere is thought to be thicker, are more enriched in incompatible trace elements, especially the light rare earth elements, Sr and P. They also have more radiogenic ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, and less radiogenic ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd. Across the region, there is no correlation between SiO₂ content and Sr–Nd isotope ratios, revealing a lack of crustal contamination. Instead, ‘spiky’ mid-ocean ridge basalt normalized trace element patterns are the result of derivation from a subduction-modified mantle source, which probably inherited its subduction component from subduction of the Tethys Ocean prior to the onset of continent–continent collision in the late Miocene. In addition to the more isotopically enriched mantle source, modelling of non-modal batch melting suggests lower degrees of melting and the involvement of garnet as a residual phase in the SE. Melt thermobarometry calculations based on bulk-rock major elements confirm that melting in the SE must occur at greater depths in the mantle. Temperatures of melting below 1200°C, along with the subduction-modified source, suggest that melting occurred within the lithosphere. It is proposed that in the northern Lesser Caucasus this melting occurs close to the base of the very thin lithosphere (at a depth of ∼45 km) as a result of small-scale delamination. A striking similarity between the conditions of melting in NW Iran and the southern Lesser Caucasus (two regions between which the difference in lithosphere thickness is ∼100 km) suggests a common mechanism of melt generation in the mid-lithosphere (∼75 km). The southern Lesser Caucasus magmas result from mixing between partial melts of deep lithosphere (∼120 km in the south) and mid-lithosphere sources to give a composition intermediate between magmas from the northern Lesser Caucasus and NW Iran. The mid-lithosphere magma source has a distinct composition compared with the base of the lithosphere, which is argued to be the result of the increased retention of metasomatic components in phases such as apatite and amphibole, which are stabilized by lower temperatures prior to magma generation

A Review of the Barriers to the Use of Social Media Technologies in the Field of Social Customer Relationship Management and Leisure Travel Services

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) plays a very essential role in organization strategies because of the globalization, increase of competition and rapid advances of technology at businesses. On the other hand, in today's world, social networks (medias) have a very important role in the lives of people, so that these medias are the integral part of today's life. With increasing the popularity of these networks among Iranian users, it has become a place where people can exchange information. And it also has an accessibility for extracting people’s interests. The combination of these two subjects can be a key business strategy that is so important in service organizations of developed countries. Hence, to identify the usage barriers of social networks in the Iran service organizations, after extracting effective elements from the previous studies, three hypotheses were compiled. And also a sample of 542 customers was selected and a questionnaire with LICERT scale (spectrum) was designed. The sample was distributed among experts and professors of Marketing and Management, to assess the outward validity and content of tools, desirably. Crunbach’s alpha coefficients had the appropriate level for all of the variables. after analyzing the heuristic factor and confirmatory, the results show that technological and legal factors, have the most effect as an obstacle on the usage of social networks in order to communicate with customer's demographic features analyzed according to the descriptive statistics and Friedman ranking performed for completion of results

Lacrimal sac squamous cell carcinoma: From resection to prosthetic rehabilitation. A case report

Key Clinical Message There is a lack of consensus and evidence on treatment strategies for lacrimal sac carcinomas. Wide en bloc surgical resection with farther prosthetic rehabilitation could be the treatment option in certain cases. Abstract Malignant epithelial lacrimal sac tumors are rare cancers with high recurrence rates. Diagnosis of these tumors is often delayed as they are confused with chronic dacryocystitis. There is a lack of consensus and evidence on standard treatment strategies for advanced lacrimal sac carcinomas. A case of advanced lacrimal sac squamous cell carcinoma treated with wide en bloc margin‐negative surgical resection with further prosthetic rehabilitation without adjuvant therapy and 38 months of recurrence‐free postoperative follow‐up is presented