10 research outputs found
From least action in electrodynamics to magnetomechanical energy -- a review
The equations of motion for electromechanical systems are traced back to the
fundamental Lagrangian of particles and electromagnetic fields, via the Darwin
Lagrangian. When dissipative forces can be neglected the systems are
conservative and one can study them in a Hamiltonian formalism. The central
concepts of generalized capacitance and inductance coefficients are introduced
and explained. The problem of gauge independence of self-inductance is
considered. Our main interest is in magnetomechanics, i.e. the study of systems
where there is exchange between mechanical and magnetic energy. This throws
light on the concept of magnetic energy, which according to the literature has
confusing and peculiar properties. We apply the theory to a few simple
examples: the extension of a circular current loop, the force between parallel
wires, interacting circular current loops, and the rail gun. These show that
the Hamiltonian, phase space, form of magnetic energy has the usual property
that an equilibrium configuration corresponds to an energy minimum.Comment: 29 pages, 9 figures, 65 reference
The Mini-FLOTAC technique for the diagnosis of helminth and protozoan infections in humans and animals
This protocol is an extension to: Nat. Protoc. 5, 503â515 (2010). DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2009.235;
The FLOTAC is a sensitive, accurate, and precise technique for the diagnosis of protozoan and helminth infections in humans and animals. However, it requires centrifugation, and hence might be out of reach in resource-constrained settings. As an extension of the original FLOTAC protocol, this protocol describes the Mini-FLOTAC technique, a logical evolution of FLOTAC conceived to perform multivalent, qualitative, and quantitative diagnosis of helminth and protozoan infections in human and animal feces, and urine. This has been found to be of most use in the processing of large numbers of samples with rapid laboratory workup, and for veterinary applications directly on-farm. In addition to the Mini-FLOTAC apparatus, we describe the use of the Fill-FLOTAC, a closed system used to facilitate the performance of the first four consecutive steps of the Mini-FLOTAC technique: fecal sample collection and weighing, homogenization, filtration, and filling of the Mini-FLOTAC chambers. Processing of an individual sample using this protocol requires âŒ12 min