Estudo do desgaste de revestimentos em matrizes de recorte a frio de cabeças de parafusos

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais.Este trabalho apresenta a influência dos revestimentos sobre a resistência ao desgaste de matrizes de recorte utilizadas para a conformação mecânica a frio de parafusos sextavados. A abrasão é o mecanismo básico de desgaste predominante no processo de conformação estudado, promovido pelo atrito entre a matéria-prima e as faces de contato da ferramenta. Foram analisadas matrizes de recorte revestidas com três diferentes tipos de revestimentos das superfícies de trabalho: nitreto de titânio, carbonitreto de titânio e nitreto de cromo, aplicados pelo processo de Deposição Física de Vapor (P.V.D.). O desgaste destas ferramentas foi acompanhado em escala industrial traçando-se as curvas de evolução do desgaste na conformação de dois aços comumente utilizados na fabricação de elementos de fixação, o SAE 1015 e o SAE 1038. As superfícies de corpos de prova padronizados foram revestidas com os mesmos revestimentos aplicados nas matrizes de recorte e submetidos a dois diferentes ensaios laboratoriais de desgaste, segundo as normas ASTM G65 - Ensaio de Desgaste Disco de Borracha-Areia Abrasiva e ASTM G99 - Ensaio de Desgaste Pino-sobre-Disco. A obtenção de informações sobre o desgaste das ferramentas em condições industriais e laboratoriais permitiu a comparação do desempenho dos revestimentos em função das propriedades mecânicas dos aços conformados. O revestimento de carbonitreto de titânio, em todos os testes realizados, proporcionou as menores taxas de desgaste, seguido pelo nitreto de cromo e pelo nitreto de titânio

Developmental Changes in Natural Viewing Behavior: Bottom-Up and Top-Down Differences between Children, Young Adults and Older Adults

Despite the growing interest in fixation selection under natural conditions, there is a major gap in the literature concerning its developmental aspects. Early in life, bottom-up processes, such as local image feature – color, luminance contrast etc. – guided viewing, might be prominent but later overshadowed by more top-down processing. Moreover, with decline in visual functioning in old age, bottom-up processing is known to suffer. Here we recorded eye movements of 7- to 9-year-old children, 19- to 27-year-old adults, and older adults above 72 years of age while they viewed natural and complex images before performing a patch-recognition task. Task performance displayed the classical inverted U-shape, with young adults outperforming the other age groups. Fixation discrimination performance of local feature values dropped with age. Whereas children displayed the highest feature values at fixated points, suggesting a bottom-up mechanism, older adult viewing behavior was less feature-dependent, reminiscent of a top-down strategy. Importantly, we observed a double dissociation between children and elderly regarding the effects of active viewing on feature-related viewing: Explorativeness correlated with feature-related viewing negatively in young age, and positively in older adults. The results indicate that, with age, bottom-up fixation selection loses strength and/or the role of top-down processes becomes more important. Older adults who increase their feature-related viewing by being more explorative make use of this low-level information and perform better in the task. The present study thus reveals an important developmental change in natural and task-guided viewing

Identification and molecular characterization of Orf virus in Argentina

Orf virus (ORFV) is the etiological agent of contagious ecthyma (CE), a pustular dermatitis of sheep and goats. Outbreaks of ORFV have been observed in all geographical regions of the world, including Argentina. The origin and identity of Argentinian ORFVs are unknown, and no comparative or phylogenetic studies of these viruses have been performed. In this study, we described the sequencing and analysis of five ORFV molecular markers: a partial B2L gene (ORF011), VIR (ORF020), an envelope mature protein (ORF109), vIL10 (ORF127), and GIF (ORF117) from two particular Argentinian outbreaks of CE.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Dispersive Bounds on The Shape Of Lambda_b to Lambda_c l {\bar \nu_l} Formfactors

We derive a theoretically allowed domain for the charge radius $\rho$ and curvature $c$ of the Isgur-Wise function describing the decay $\Lambda_b \to \Lambda_c l {\bar \nu_l}$. Our method uses crossing symmetry, dispersion relations and analyticity in the context of the Heavy Quark Effective Theory but is independent of the specifics of any given model. The experimentally determined values of the $\Upsilon$ masses have been used as input information. The results are of interest for testing different models employed to calculate the heavy baryon formfactors which are used for the extraction of $| V_{cb} |$ from the experimental data.Comment: 18 pages, 1 figure included via psfi

ANÁLISE DA COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA EM GRÃOS DE POPULAÇÕES LOCAIS DE MILHO UTILIZADOS NA MERENDA ESCOLAR

O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a composição química de grãos de populaçõeslocais de milho utilizados na alimentação humana. Foram conduzidos quatro ensaiosem três municípios de Santa Catarina. Foram avaliados 12 tratamentos emdelineamento de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Foram analisadas asvariáveis produtividade de carotenóides e os teores de carboidratos, lipídeos eproteínas. Observou-se que há variabilidade entre as populações analisadas emtodas as variáveis. Há populações locais com constituintes químicos emconcentração tão elevada quanto as testemunhas. Algumas variedades locaispodem ser utilizadas na merenda escolar sem comprometer a qualidade nutricionaldos alimentos

Development of a New largely scalable in vitro prion propagation method for the production of infectious recombinant prions for high resolution structural studies.

The resolution of the three-dimensional structure of infectious prions at the atomic level is pivotal to understand the pathobiology of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE), but has been long hindered due to certain particularities of these proteinaceous pathogens. Difficulties related to their purification from brain homogenates of disease-affected animals were resolved almost a decade ago by the development of in vitro recombinant prion propagation systems giving rise to highly infectious recombinant prions. However, lack of knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of the misfolding event and the complexity of systems such as the Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification (PMCA), have limited generating the large amounts of homogeneous recombinant prion preparations required for high-resolution techniques such as solid state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (ssNMR) imaging. Herein, we present a novel recombinant prion propagation system based on PMCA that substitutes sonication with shaking thereby allowing the production of unprecedented amounts of multi-labeled, infectious recombinant prions. The use of specific cofactors, such as dextran sulfate, limit the structural heterogeneity of the in vitro propagated prions and makes possible, for the first time, the generation of infectious and likely homogeneous samples in sufficient quantities for studies with high-resolution structural techniques as demonstrated by the preliminary ssNMR spectrum presented here. Overall, we consider that this new method named Protein Misfolding Shaking Amplification (PMSA), opens new avenues to finally elucidate the three-dimensional structure of infectious prions

Technik und Kultur

Die vorliegende Publikation ist aus zwei Arbeitsgesprächen in Karlsruhe hervorgegangen. Ihr Ziel war eine disziplinenübergreifende (interdisziplinäre) Standortbestirnmung unter dem Thema „Technik und Kultur - Bedingungs - und Beeinflussungsverhältnisse”. Zunächst werden allgemeine Begriffsklärungen von „Technik” und „Kultur” sowie deren generelle Wechselwirkungen behandelt. Daran schließen sich Beiträge an, die an konkreten Bereichen oder Beispielen die Verwobenheit von Technik und Kultur darstellen, so etwa hinsichtlich Wasserbaujder Bedeutung von Elektrizität in der Gesellschaft oder der digitalen Ontologie. Einschließlich der den Band abschließenden Auswahlbibliografie werden so gewichtige „Standort-Koordinaten” deutlich gemacht, die in den nachfolgenden Bänden dieser Reihe detaillierter gekennzeichnet werden

BrAPI-an application programming interface for plant breeding applications

Motivation: Modern genomic breeding methods rely heavily on very large amounts of phenotyping and genotyping data, presenting new challenges in effective data management and integration. Recently, the size and complexity of datasets have increased significantly, with the result that data are often stored on multiple systems. As analyses of interest increasingly require aggregation of datasets from diverse sources, data exchange between disparate systems becomes a challenge. Results: To facilitate interoperability among breeding applications, we present the public plant Breeding Application Programming Interface (BrAPI). BrAPI is a standardized web service API specification. The development of BrAPI is a collaborative, community-based initiative involving a growing global community of over a hundred participants representing several dozen institutions and companies. Development of such a standard is recognized as critical to a number of important large breeding system initiatives as a foundational technology. The focus of the first version of the API is on providing services for connecting systems and retrieving basic breeding data including germplasm, study, observation, and marker data. A number of BrAPI-enabled applications, termed BrAPPs, have been written, that take advantage of the emerging support of BrAPI by many databases

Ice structures, patterns, and processes: A view across the ice-fields

We look ahead from the frontiers of research on ice dynamics in its broadest sense; on the structures of ice, the patterns or morphologies it may assume, and the physical and chemical processes in which it is involved. We highlight open questions in the various fields of ice research in nature; ranging from terrestrial and oceanic ice on Earth, to ice in the atmosphere, to ice on other solar system bodies and in interstellar space