Chemistry with Schiff Bases of Pyridine Derivatives: Their Potential as Bioactive Ligands and Chemosensors

Pyridine is a valuable nitrogen based heterocyclic compound which is present not only in large number of naturally occurring bioactive compounds, but widely used in drug designing and development in pharmaceuticals as well as a precursor to agrochemicals and chemical-based industries. Pyridine derivatives bearing either formyl or amino group undergo Schiff base condensation reaction with appropriate substrate and under optimum conditions resulting in Schiff base as product which behave as a flexible and multidentate bioactive ligand. These Schiff bases are of great interest in medicinal chemistry as they can exhibit physiological effects similar to pyridoxal-amino acid systems which are considered to be very important in numerous metabolic reactions. They possess an interesting range of bioactivities including antibacterial, antiviral, antitubercular, antifungal, antioxidant, anticonvulsants, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, anticancer activity etc. and considered as a versatile pharmacophore group. Further, several pyridine-based Schiff bases show very strong binding abilities towards the various cations and anions with unique photophysical properties which can be used in ion recognition and they are extensively used in development of chemosensors for qualitative and quantitative detection of selective or specific ions in various kinds of environmental and biological media. These chapter insights the bioactivity and ion recognition ability of Schiff bases derived from pyridine derivatives

Numerical Analysis of Crosss Flow Hydokinetic Turbine by Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

The invention of cross flow turbine industry from straight blades of the Darrieus turbine was modified by Alexander Gorlov into helical shape. There have been several research projects dealing with the design and analysis for tidal applications. This paper deals with the Numerical analysis of a cross flow hydrokinetic turbine (CFHT) with helical blades. Static analysis with optimum blade velocity and constant pressure conditions was performed for the blade with fixed pitch by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in Fluent 15. Solidworks was used to carry out 3D modeling of the turbine. The hydrofoil shape of NACA 0018 was created by the airfoil coordinate database. Two different turbulence models Spalart-Allmaras (One-Equation model) and sst-k (Two ndash;Equation model) were employed to compute and compare the results. Pressure profiles, drag and lift coefficients are calculated under a steady flow of 1.5 m/s

Design Analysis Fabrication and Testing of Progressive Air Suspension Strut

Ride comfort and adjustability has always been deprived on low budget suspensions. The main problems faced in the current market shocks are that, they being heavy and having no adjustability. There should be a way to provide the masses with a highly efficient shock absorber for a very low price. The project aims to provide the reader an ideal way to design, analyze, simulate and manufacture a non-conventional shock absorber having adjustability in the ride parameters

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Vision, challenges and opportunities for a Plant Cell Atlas

With growing populations and pressing environmental problems, future economies will be increasingly plant-based. Now is the time to reimagine plant science as a critical component of fundamental science, agriculture, environmental stewardship, energy, technology and healthcare. This effort requires a conceptual and technological framework to identify and map all cell types, and to comprehensively annotate the localization and organization of molecules at cellular and tissue levels. This framework, called the Plant Cell Atlas (PCA), will be critical for understanding and engineering plant development, physiology and environmental responses. A workshop was convened to discuss the purpose and utility of such an initiative, resulting in a roadmap that acknowledges the current knowledge gaps and technical challenges, and underscores how the PCA initiative can help to overcome them.</jats:p

Comparison of juice extraction methods, determination of bittering principles and standardization of debittering of lime juice

263-268In spite of good yields, high vitamin C content, nutritional and medicinal values, lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle is not commercially exploited due to the presence of bittering compounds. The present investigations were therefore, aimed at reducing the bitterness of juice for preparation of concentrate. Out of the different methods of juice extraction tried, screw type juice extractor was found to be the most effective with respect to high juice yield (57.75 %) and quality. The lime juice extracted through screw type juice extractor contained 0.50 % recoverable oil, 23.24 ug/mL limonin and 47.21 ug/mL naringin. Among the various treatments tried for debittering of lime juice, use of absorbent XAD-16 resulted in a considerable reduction in bitterness. The XAD-16 resulted in 70.45 % reduction of limonin content and 72.07 % reduction in naringin content, thereby, lowering them to 5.91 and 11.71 ug/mL, respectively. Nutritionally, maximum ascorbic acid retention (25.0 mg/100 mL) was observed in XAD-16 treated juice, while non-significant change occurred in total soluble solids and acidity of treated juice. On the basis of sensory evaluation, the juice treated with XAD-16 was adjudged the best in extent of debitterness, taste, body, and flavour among all the treatments tried. However, a slight decrease in colour score was obtained that could be adjusted easily during processing

Comparison of juice extraction methods, determination of bittering principles and standardization of debittering of lime juice

In spite of good yields, high vitamin C content, nutritional and medicinal values, lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle is not commercially exploited due to the presence of bittering compounds. The present investigations were therefore, aimed at reducing the bitterness of juice for preparation of concentrate. Out of the different methods of juice extraction tried, screw type juice extractor was found to be the most effective with respect to high juice yield (57.75 %) and quality. The lime juiceextracted through screw type juice extractor contained 0.50 % recoverable oil, 23.24 ug/mL limonin and 47.21 ug/mL naringin. Among the various treatments tried for debittering of lime juice, use of absorbent XAD-16 resulted in a considerable reduction in bitterness. The XAD-16 resulted in 70.45 % reduction of limonin content and 72.07 % reduction in naringin content, thereby, lowering them to 5.91 and 11.71 ug/mL, respectively. Nutritionally, maximum ascorbic acid retention (25.0 mg/100 mL) was observed in XAD-16 treated juice, while non-significant change occurred in total soluble solids and acidity of treated juice. On the basis of sensory evaluation, the juice treated with XAD-16 was adjudged the best in extent of debitterness, taste, body, and flavour among all the treatments tried. However, a slight decrease in colour score was obtained that could be adjusted easily during processing