Social differentials in health-related non-employment and poverty : studies on consequences of limiting longstanding illness, musculoskeletal and mental disorders

The overall aim of the thesis is to increase knowledge on social differentials in employment and income consequences among persons with chronic disease. The studies were conducted in Sweden and different policy context during the first decade of the 2000s. In Study I, cross-sectional survey data were used to compare relative poverty among persons with limiting longstanding illness (LLSI), with and without employment, and healthy employed persons in Sweden, Denmark and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2005 and 2010. Higher rates of relative poverty and risks of relative poverty were found among non- employed persons with LLSI, and most pronounced in the UK. In Sweden relative poverty increased considerably among non-employed persons with LLSI compared to other groups over time indicating an income polarisation most pronounced among men. In the 5-year follow-up studies, register data from Stockholm County were used to analyse employment consequences following a first time diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in 2001 (Study II) and mood and anxiety disorders in 2005 (Study III) among persons employed at baseline, and compare to the general population. Associations between sociodemographic factors and the outcome measures among persons with a disorder were analysed. In Study II, persons with MSDs had a greater drop in employment, especially women with low education. Lower education and being foreign born was associated with an increased risk of non-employment and being granted disability pension for both men and women with MSDs. In Study III, persons with mood and anxiety disorders had higher rates of losing employment compared to the general population, and women had higher rates of not being re-employed. Increased risk of losing employment was found among men with lower income and foreign born men, and among women in the lower educational groups. Low education was associated with an increased risk of not being re-employed among women. In Study IV, register data from Stockholm County were used to compare employment and income conditions at baseline and over 4 to 5 years between persons with a first time diagnosis of non-affective psychosis in 2005/06 and the general population. Associations between sociodemographic factors, employment status and relative poverty were analysed. Persons with non-affective psychosis had adverse employment and income conditions already prior to diagnosis. Non-employment rates remained high while decreasing in the general population. Disability pension rates doubled and social assistance rates remain high, especially among women with low education and foreign born women. Non-employment was associated with an increased risk of relative poverty as well as being foreign born among women. Disability pension seemed to alleviate the adverse income consequences among persons with non-affective psychosis. This thesis found adverse employment and income consequences for persons with chronic disease, and social differentials in these. A combination of having chronic disease with impaired work ability, low education and being foreign born may be particularly detrimental to employment chances

Endothelial cells in emerging viral infections

There are several reasons to consider the role of endothelial cells in COVID-19 and other emerging viral infections. First, severe cases of COVID-19 show a common breakdown of central vascular functions. Second, SARS-CoV-2 replicates in endothelial cells. Third, prior deterioration of vascular function exacerbates disease, as the most common comorbidities of COVID-19 (obesity, hypertension, and diabetes) are all associated with endothelial dysfunction. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2's ability to infect endothelium is shared by many emerging viruses, including henipaviruses, hantavirus, and highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, all specifically targeting endothelial cells. The ability to infect endothelium appears to support generalised dissemination of infection and facilitate the access to certain tissues. The disturbed vascular function observed in severe COVID-19 is also a prominent feature of many other life-threatening viral diseases, underscoring the need to understand how viruses modulate endothelial function. We here review the role of vascular endothelial cells in emerging viral infections, starting with a summary of endothelial cells as key mediators and regulators of vascular and immune responses in health and infection. Next, we discuss endotheliotropism as a possible virulence factor and detail features that regulate viruses' ability to attach to and enter endothelial cells. We move on to review how endothelial cells detect invading viruses and respond to infection, with particular focus on pathways that may influence vascular function and the host immune system. Finally, we discuss how endothelial cell function can be dysregulated in viral disease, either by viral components or as bystander victims of overshooting or detrimental inflammatory and immune responses. Many aspects of how viruses interact with the endothelium remain poorly understood. Considering the diversity of such mechanisms among different emerging viruses allows us to highlight common features that may be of general validity and point out important challenges.publishedVersio

Succession

Fytoremediering kallas metoden som utnyttjar växters naturliga förmåga att ta ta upp, omvandla eller stabilisera ämnen för att sanera föroreningar. Det är en mycket miljövänlig metod som endast bygger på naturliga processer. Idag nyexploateras i hög grad hamn- och industriområden, vilka ofta kräver stora saneringsinsatser. Dessa ligger ofta i stadsnära lägen där det generellt finns ett behov av grönytor. Till detta hör att parkmark sällan anläggs på förorenad mark, då det inte bär samma möjlighet till lönsamhet som annan exploatering. Fytoremediering är en långsam saneringsmetod och förbises därför ofta som ett alternativ då det krävs snabba lösningar inför exploatering, men i jämförelse med andra saneringsmetoder har fytoremediering en mängd fördelar. En aspekt som gör metoden högst intressant för oss i vår yrkesroll är möjligheten att under saneringens gång kunna skapa betydelsefulla gröna ytor av tidigare otillgängliga områden. Tidsaspekten vänds från något negativt till positivt genom att skapa estetiskt tilltalande, intressanta och rekreativa uterum. Med metoden väcks ett antal frågor som berör återtagande av industriella områden. Vi har tillämpat vår nya kunskap om fytoremediering i ett gestaltningsförslag för en plats med problematisk föroreningssituation. Det gamla gasverksområdet i Stockholm är högintressant ur exploateringssynpunkt och kommer att inom kort bli en del av den nya stadsdelen Norra Djurgårdsstaden. Området har redan givits en stark miljöprofil, vilket väckte vårt intresse för att utarbeta ett förslag för hur området kunde ha sanerats på ett sätt som skulle passa intentionerna om en hållbar stadsutveckling. Succession är tänkt att fungera som ett inspirerande exempel för hur man kan arbeta med liknande områden i fortsättningen

Using ecosystem models to inform ecosystem-based fisheries management in Europe: a review of the policy landscape and related stakeholder needs

The need to implement an ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) is enshrined in numerous regulations and strategies, at both global and European level. In practice, it is challenging to implement EBFM because it requires a complex evaluation of interlinked management effects and environmental and climate forcing on multi-species interactions, habitat status and human activities. Ecosystem models are one of the most critical research tools to inform EBFM, because they can integrate a wide variety of data, examine multiple and complex ecosystem interactions, and can make forecasts based on specific management scenarios. However, despite clear progress in marine ecosystem modelling, many models do not address policy goals and targets, which hinders uptake in policy. In this paper, we review the global and European policies and implementing bodies which directly or indirectly have a repercussion on the implementation of EBFM. Moreover, we highlight specific stakeholder needs related to the implementation of EBFM in European waters, which ecosystem models could help address. We review the policy commitments that drive these needs and the concerns raised by stakeholders during a survey and dedicated workshop. Key topics of concern were effects of climate change; bycatch; protected areas/fisheries restricted areas; and reducing the impacts of trawling. Stakeholders also provided specific questions related to these topics which ecosystem models could help address. Scenario and data results visualizations, as well as specific barriers in using the results of ecosystem models for decision-making are also discussed. A close involvement of stakeholders in scenario development and in designing graphical outputs is important, and can help overcome some of the main barriers that can hinder uptake of models and scenarios, including a lack of understanding of the benefits and limits of ecosystem models; insufficient involvement and interaction with stakeholders; and inadequate characterization of uncertainties.publishedVersio

:6; Personal non-commercial use only

ABSTRACT. Objective. To assess the influence of income on self-reported disease and work productivity outcomes. Methods. Persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases, 10th ed. codes M05/M06) on health insurance claims data in at least 2 quarters of 2013 were randomly selected. They were mailed questionnaires covering RA diagnosis, household income, functional capacity [Hannover functional status questionnaire (FFbH), 0-100], RA Impact of Disease questionnaire (RAID; 0-10), self-reported swollen joint count (SJC; 0-48), tender joint count (TJC; 0-50), and effect of RA on work productivity (change of work, fewer working hours, sick leave, application for disability pension, and others). Weighted multivariable linear regression models were used to assess the association between income and disease outcomes. Results. A total of 1492 persons of working age who confirmed RA diagnosis were available for analysis. The mean age was 55 years, 82% were women, and 74% were under rheumatologic care

Personal non-commercial use only

ABSTRACT. Objective. To assess the influence of income on self-reported disease and work productivity outcomes. Methods. Persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases, 10th ed. codes M05/M06) on health insurance claims data in at least 2 quarters of 2013 were randomly selected. They were mailed questionnaires covering RA diagnosis, household income, functional capacity [Hannover functional status questionnaire (FFbH), 0-100], RA Impact of Disease questionnaire (RAID; 0-10), self-reported swollen joint count (SJC; 0-48), tender joint count (TJC; 0-50), and effect of RA on work productivity (change of work, fewer working hours, sick leave, application for disability pension, and others). Weighted multivariable linear regression models were used to assess the association between income and disease outcomes. Results. A total of 1492 persons of working age who confirmed RA diagnosis were available for analysis. The mean age was 55 years, 82% were women, and 74% were under rheumatologic care

Da.zwischen: Musik erleben – Erleben vermitteln: Interinstitutionelle-interdisziplinäre-intermediale Arbeitstagung der Musikpädagogik 12.-13. Mai 2023: Tagungsband

Der vorliegende Tagungsband eröffnet Einblicke in ausgewählte Beiträge, Workshops, Gruppenimprovisationen und Performances der Arbeitstagung „DaZwischen 2023“: einer Initiative für eine interdisziplinäre musikpädagogische Begegnung von Lehrenden und Studierenden, Mitwirkenden und Teilnehmenden verschiedener Hochschulen und Universitäten. Das Dazwischen entfaltete sich zwischen den Disziplinen und Arbeitsfeldern und eröffnete sich in pädagogischen und spezifisch musikpädagogischen Aspekten. Im Kontext der Vermittlung des Ästhetischen, des ästhetischen Erlebens und der Intention, ästhetisches Erleben zu inszenieren, wurden unbestimmbare, widersprüchliche und ambivalente Zustände beschrieben und diskutiert. Geschieht Improvisation aktiv oder passiv, vollzieht sich Bildung in Freiheit oder intentional, was bewegt – oder lässt sich bewegen? Im DaZwischen erfüllt sich Unerfüllbares, verwirklicht sich Unplanbares. Der vorliegende Band fasst die ersten Impulse des in der Entwicklung begriffenen Symposiums zusammen und bietet Anknüpfungspunkte für eine interdisziplinäre Betrachtung der Didaktiken ästhetischer und musikalischer Bildung.The conference report offers an insight into lectures, group improvisations and performances from the 'DaZwischen 2023' labour conference. This event was created as an initiative for an interdisciplinary music education encounter between teachers and students from various institutions. In the context of conveying the aesthetic - the aesthetic experience and the intention of staging aesthetic experience - indeterminable, contradictory and ambivalent states of aesthetic consciousness and experiencing were described and discussed. This volume summarizes the initial impulses of this specific symposium and its stage in development and offers points of departure for an interdisciplinary consideration of the didactics of aesthetic and musical education

The infectious salmon anemia virus esterase prunes erythrocyte surfaces in infected Atlantic salmon and exposes terminal sialic acids to lectin recognition

Many sialic acid-binding viruses express a receptor-destroying enzyme (RDE) that removes the virus-targeted receptor and limits viral interactions with the host cell surface. Despite a growing appreciation of how the viral RDE promotes viral fitness, little is known about its direct effects on the host. Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) attaches to 4-O-acetylated sialic acids on Atlantic salmon epithelial, endothelial, and red blood cell surfaces. ISAV receptor binding and destruction are effectuated by the same molecule, the haemagglutinin esterase (HE). We recently discovered a global loss of vascular 4-O-acetylated sialic acids in ISAV-infected fish. The loss correlated with the expression of viral proteins, giving rise to the hypothesis that it was mediated by the HE. Here, we report that the ISAV receptor is also progressively lost from circulating erythrocytes in infected fish. Furthermore, salmon erythrocytes exposed to ISAV ex vivo lost their capacity to bind new ISAV particles. The loss of ISAV binding was not associated with receptor saturation. Moreover, upon loss of the ISAV receptor, erythrocyte surfaces became more available to the lectin wheat germ agglutinin, suggesting a potential to alter interactions with endogenous lectins of similar specificity. The pruning of erythrocyte surfaces was inhibited by an antibody that prevented ISAV attachment. Furthermore, recombinant HE, but not an esterase-silenced mutant, was sufficient to induce the observed surface modulation. This links the ISAV-induced erythrocyte modulation to the hydrolytic activity of the HE and shows that the observed effects are not mediated by endogenous esterases. Our findings are the first to directly link a viral RDE to extensive cell surface modulation in infected individuals. This raises the questions of whether other sialic acid-binding viruses that express RDEs affect host cells to a similar extent, and if such RDE-mediated cell surface modulation influences host biological functions with relevance to viral disease

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected