Genome Sequence Of Streptomyces Wadayamensis Strain A23, An Endophytic Actinobacterium From Citrus Reticulata.

The actinobacterium Streptomyces wadayamensis A23 is an endophyte of Citrus reticulata that produces the antimycin and mannopeptimycin antibiotics, among others. The strain has the capability to inhibit Xylella fastidiosa growth. The draft genome of S. wadayamensis A23 has ~7.0 Mb and 6,006 protein-coding sequences, with a 73.5% G+C content.

Bioprospecting endophytic Diaporthe species associated with Pachystachys lutea (Acanthaceae) with antagonistic effect against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Endophytic microorganisms live inside the plant tissues symptomless. These microorganisma may present antagonistic activity against phytopathogens or produce metabolites with antifungal activity. We aimed to evaluate in vitro antagonism and competitive interactions between endophytic fungi of Diaporthe species and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. We also carried out in vitro screening of antifungal activity of metabolic extracts of the two endophytes against the pathogen. The antagonism was performed by the paired-culture and two promising antagonists strains were selected for metabolic extraction from the fermented culture. Metabolic extracts were obtainment using two different organic solvents (Ethyl Acetate and Hexane) and their antifungal activity was carried out using the agar diffusion test. The in vitro antagonistic index ranged from 22.1 to 59.5%, with Diaporthe sp. PL03 (59.1%), D. schini PL40 (59.5%), D. infecunda PL63 (41.8%), D. anacardii PL64 (56.8%), with inhibition by mycelial contact. The endophytes PL01 (28.6%) and PL43 (28.5%), both D. anacardii, stood out blocking mycelial growth from a distance. In the antifungal assay, D. anacardii PL01 (31.7%) and D. schini PL40 (18.2%) acetate metabolite stood out. In summary, our results indicate a few Diaporthe endophytes able to antagonize a S. sclerotiorum pathogen under in vitro conditions

Bioprospecting endophytic Diaporthe species associated with Pachystachys lutea (Acanthaceae) with antagonistic effect against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Endophytic microorganisms live inside the plant tissues symptomless. These microorganisma may present antagonistic activity against phytopathogens or produce metabolites with antifungal activity. We aimed to evaluate in vitro antagonism and competitive interactions between endophytic fungi of Diaporthe species and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.  We also carried out in vitro screening of antifungal activity of metabolic extracts of the two endophytes against the pathogen. The antagonism was performed by the paired-culture and two promising antagonists strains were selected for metabolic extraction from the fermented culture. Metabolic extracts were obtainment using two different organic solvents (Ethyl Acetate and Hexane) and their antifungal activity was carried out using the agar diffusion test. The in vitro antagonistic index ranged from 22.1 to 59.5%, with Diaporthe sp. PL03 (59.1%), D. schini PL40 (59.5%), D. infecunda PL63 (41.8%), D. anacardii PL64 (56.8%), with inhibition by mycelial contact. The endophytes PL01 (28.6%) and PL43 (28.5%), both D. anacardii, stood out blocking mycelial growth from a distance. In the antifungal assay, D. anacardii PL01 (31.7%) and D. schini PL40 (18.2%) acetate metabolite stood out. In summary, our results indicate a few Diaporthe endophytes able to antagonize a S. sclerotiorum pathogen under in vitro conditions

Transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation versus parasacral stimulation in the treatment of overactive bladder in elderly people: a triple-blinded randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) and transcutaneous parasacral stimulation on the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) in elderly people and to compare the final results between groups. METHODS: Fifty female volunteers, mean age 68.62 (±5.9) years, were randomly allocated into two groups: those receiving TTNS (G1, N=25) and those receiving transcutaneous parasacral stimulation (G2, N=25). The primary outcome was the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ-OAB) score, and secondary outcomes were the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire – short form (ICIQ-SF) score and 3-day bladder diary measurements. Volunteers were assessed before and after the treatment. Clinical Trials (ReBeC): RBR-9Q7J7Y. RESULTS: Both groups’ symptoms improved as measured by the ICIQ-OAB (G1 = o0.001; G2 = o0.001) and ICIQSF (G1 = o0.001; G2 = o0.001). In the 3-day bladder diary assessments after treatment, G1 showed a reduced number of nocturia (po0.001), urgency (po0.001) and urge urinary incontinence episodes (po0.001), whereas G2 showed only a reduced number of nocturia episodes (po0.001). No difference between groups was found. CONCLUSION: Both of the proposed treatments were effective in the improvement of OAB symptoms, but TTNS showed a reduction in a greater number of symptoms as measured by the 3-day bladder diary. No differences were found between groups

Endophytic fungi from Vitis labrusca L. ('Niagara Rosada') and its potential for the biological control of Fusarium oxysporum

We investigated the diversity of endophytic fungi found on grape (Vitis labrusca cv. Niagara Rosada) leaves collected from Salesopolis, SP, Brazil. The fungi were isolated and characterized by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis, followed by sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA. In addition, the ability of these endophytic fungi to inhibit the grapevine pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp herbemontis was determined in vitro. We also observed that the climatic factors, such as temperature and rainfall, have no effect on the frequency of infection by endophytic fungi. The endophytic fungal community that was identified included Aporospora terricola, Aureobasidium pullulans, Bjerkandera adusta, Colletotrichum boninense, C. gloeosporioides, Diaporthe helianthi, D. phaseolorum, Epicoccum nigrum, Flavodon flavus, Fusarium subglutinans, F. sacchari, Guignardia mangiferae, Lenzites elegans, Paraphaeosphaeria pilleata, Phanerochaete sordida, Phyllosticta sp, Pleurotus nebrodensis, Preussia africana, Tinctoporellus epiniltinus, and Xylaria berteri. Among these isolates, two, C. gloeosporioides and F. flavus, showed potential antagonistic activity against F. oxysporum f. sp herbemontis. We suggest the involvement of the fungal endophyte community of V. labrusca in protecting the host plant against pathogenic Fusarium species. Possibly, some endophytic isolates could be selected for the development of biological control agents for grape fungal disease; alternatively, management strategies could be tailored to increase these beneficial fungi.State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP/BIOTA)State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP/BIOTA) [2004/13910-6]National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq

Endophytic fungi from the Amazonian plant Paullinia cupana and from Olea europaea isolated using cassava as an alternative starch media source

Endophytic fungi live inside plants, apparently do not cause any harm to their hosts and may play important roles in defense and growth promotion. Fungal growth is a routine practice at microbiological laboratories, and the Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) is the most frequently used medium because it is a rich source of starch. However, the production of potatoes in some regions of the world can be costly. Aiming the development of a new medium source to tropical countries, in the present study, we used leaves from the guarana (a tropical plant from the Amazon region) and the olive (which grows in subtropical and temperate regions) to isolate endophytic fungi using PDA and Manihot Dextrose Agar (MDA). Cassava (Manihot esculenta) was evaluated as a substitute starch source. For guarana, the endophytic incidence (EI) was 90% and 98% on PDA and MDA media, respectively, and 65% and 70% for olive, respectively. The fungal isolates were sequenced using the ITS- rDNA region. The fungal identification demonstrated that the isolates varied according to the host plant and media source. In the guarana plant, 13 fungal genera were found using MDA and six were found using PDA. In the olive plant, six genera were obtained using PDA and 4 were obtained using MDA. The multivariate analysis results demonstrated the highest fungal diversity from guarana when using MDA medium. Interestingly, some genera were isolated from one specific host or in one specific media, suggesting the importance of these two factors in fungal isolation specificity. Thus, this study indicated that cassava is a feasible starch source that could serve as a potential alternative medium to potato medium.This work was supported by a grant from the Foundation for Research Assistance, São Paulo State and Amazon State, Brazil (grant n. 2009/53376-2) and by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). We thank FAPESP for the M.C.Q. (grant no. 2010/50445-0), J.M. (grant no. 2011/18740-5) and S.T. (grant no. 2010/15192-4) and CNPq for E.F.S. and D.M.L. fellowships

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Os jesuítas no Grão-Pará : suas missões e a colonização : bosquejo histórico com vários documentos inéditos

Sodré, Nelson Werneck. O que se dever ler para conhecer o Brasil. 4. ed. Rio de Janeiro : Civilização Brasileira, 1973. 406 p."O livro de João Lúcio de Azevedo continua sendo indispensável ao conhecimento da ocupação da Amazônia, fundada na atividade das missões, como a estrutura de produção das especiarias. Plantadas ao longo dos rios e escoradas na economia coletora florestal e no trabalho do indígena, a missão religiosa é a base do povoamento ali."SYS-5149"O livro de João Lúcio de Azevedo continua sendo indispensável ao conhecimento da ocupação da Amazônia, fundada na atividade das missões, como a estrutura de produção das especiarias. Plantadas ao longo dos rios e escoradas na economia coletora florestal e no trabalho do indígena, a missão religiosa é a base do povoamento ali.

Estudos de historia Paraense

Bibliographical footnotes.Mode of access: Internet