Uma adapta??o da Cifra de Hill para estudo de matrizes.

Neste artigo ser?o apresentados alguns dos principais resultados matem?ticos a respeito de Aritm?tica Modular, dando ?nfase ?s rela??es de equival?ncia e classes residuais, al?m de alguns fatos sobre matrizes em Zp. Tais temas s?o abordados com o intuito de fundamentar os processos matem?ticos aplicados para funcionamento da Cifra de Hill, que ? um modelo de criptografia utilizado como inspira??o para o desenvolvimento de uma atividade voltada para turmas de Ensino M?dio

Prevalência de insatisfação corporal em praticantes de atividade física

Introduction: The practice of physical exercise has been used by individuals dissatisfied with their body image, for gain or loss of weight. However, a negative body image may, paradoxically, reduce the motivation to practice physical activities or increase engagement in exercise programs. Objective: This article aims to carry out a literature search about the prevalence of body dissatisfaction among physical activity practitioners. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review. To search for and select the studies, the following databases were used: Scielo and Ebscohost and the Google academic search engine, allowing the selection of 9 articles, which were published between 2017 and 2019, articles published in Portuguese and English. Results and discussion: In all studies analyzed it was possible to verify that there is a great dissatisfaction with the body image among physical activity practitioners, a fact that can be due to the high social collection of friends, family and the strong influence of the media in the search and idealization of the perfect stipulated body. Conclusion: It is necessary to carry out more studies, which approach the subject, in order to understand the self perception of body image among physical activity practitioners, body dissatisfaction can cause future problems due to this search for an ideal body.Introdução: A prática de exercício físico tem sido utilizada por indivíduos insatisfeitos com sua imagem corporal, para ganho ou perda de peso. Contudo, uma imagem corporal negativa pode, paradoxalmente, reduzir a motivação para a prática de atividades físicas ou aumentar o engajamento em programas de exercícios. Objetivo:  O presente artigo tem por finalidade realizar uma busca bibliográfica sobre a prevalência de insatisfação corporal entre praticantes de atividade física. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura do tipo integrativa. Para busca e seleção dos estudos utilizou-se as bases de dados: Scielo e Ebscohost e o buscador Google acadêmico, permitindo a seleção de 9 artigos, os quais foram publicados entre os anos de 2017 a 2019, pesquisou-se artigos publicados em português e inglês. Resultados e discussão: Em todos os estudos analisados foi possível verificar que há grande insatisfação com a imagem corporal, entre os praticantes de atividade física, fato este, que pode ser decorrente da elevada cobrança social de amigos, familiares e a forte influência da mídia pela busca e idealização do corpo estipulado perfeito. Conclusão: É necessário a realização de mais estudos, que abordem a temática, no intuito de compreender a auto percepção da imagem corporal entre praticantes de atividade física, a insatisfação corporal pode provocar problemas futuros, devido a essa busca por um corpo ideal

Consumo de antioxidantes por praticantes de atividade física

Introduction. The practice of physical exercises promotes beneficial effects to human health, but when physiological limits are not respected, can cause damage to the body, such as cause increase of production of free radicals. The term antioxidant refers to chemical compounds that reduce the oxidative effects of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids caused by free radicals. Antioxidants have the ability to react with these radicals reducing their harmful effects. Objective: To carry out a bibliographic search on the consumption of antioxidants by physical activity practitioners. Materials and methods: This is an integrative literature review. To search and select the studies, the databases Ebscohost and Scielo and the Google academic search engine totaling 8 articles were published between the years 2015 and 2019. Results and discussion: In all studies analyzed, it was verified that there was inadequacy of the consumption of antioxidant foods by practitioners of various types of physical activity, aerobic and anaerobic, among the vitamins and minerals studied, a predominance of low consumption especially of Vitamins A and C was observed. Conclusion: In the present research it was observed that physical activity practitioners, present inadequate antioxidant intake, it is necessary the adequate intake of these compounds due to the physical stress of the injuries resulting from the practice of sports.Introdução. A prática de exercícios físicos promove efeitos benéficos à saúde humana, porém, quando os limites fisiológicos não são respeitados, pode provocar danos ao organismo, como por exemplo, causar o aumento da produção de radicais livres. O termo antioxidante refere-se a compostos químicos que reduzem os efeitos oxidativos de lipídios, proteínas e ácidos nucleicos causados pelos radicais livres.  Os antioxidantes apresentam capacidade de reagir com estes radicais diminuindo seus efeitos nocivos. Objetivo: Realizar uma busca bibliográfica sobre o consumo de antioxidantes por praticantes de atividade física. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura do tipo integrativa. Para busca e seleção dos estudos utilizou-se as bases de dados: Ebscohost e Scielo e o buscador Google acadêmico totalizando 8 artigos, publicados entre os anos de 2015 a 2019. Resultados e discussão: Em todos os estudos analisados, verificou-se que houve inadequação do consumo de alimentos antioxidantes por praticantes de diversos tipos de atividade física, aeróbias e anaeróbias, entre as vitaminas e minerais estudados, observou-se um predomínio de baixo consumo especialmente das Vitaminas A e C. Conclusão: Na presente pesquisa observou-se que os praticantes de atividade física, apresentam consumo inadequado de antioxidantes, é necessário a ingestão adequada  desses compostos devido ao stress físico das lesões decorrentes da prática desportiva

A chemical survey of exoplanets with ARIEL

Thousands of exoplanets have now been discovered with a huge range of masses, sizes and orbits: from rocky Earth-like planets to large gas giants grazing the surface of their host star. However, the essential nature of these exoplanets remains largely mysterious: there is no known, discernible pattern linking the presence, size, or orbital parameters of a planet to the nature of its parent star. We have little idea whether the chemistry of a planet is linked to its formation environment, or whether the type of host star drives the physics and chemistry of the planet’s birth, and evolution. ARIEL was conceived to observe a large number (~1000) of transiting planets for statistical understanding, including gas giants, Neptunes, super-Earths and Earth-size planets around a range of host star types using transit spectroscopy in the 1.25–7.8 μm spectral range and multiple narrow-band photometry in the optical. ARIEL will focus on warm and hot planets to take advantage of their well-mixed atmospheres which should show minimal condensation and sequestration of high-Z materials compared to their colder Solar System siblings. Said warm and hot atmospheres are expected to be more representative of the planetary bulk composition. Observations of these warm/hot exoplanets, and in particular of their elemental composition (especially C, O, N, S, Si), will allow the understanding of the early stages of planetary and atmospheric formation during the nebular phase and the following few million years. ARIEL will thus provide a representative picture of the chemical nature of the exoplanets and relate this directly to the type and chemical environment of the host star. ARIEL is designed as a dedicated survey mission for combined-light spectroscopy, capable of observing a large and well-defined planet sample within its 4-year mission lifetime. Transit, eclipse and phase-curve spectroscopy methods, whereby the signal from the star and planet are differentiated using knowledge of the planetary ephemerides, allow us to measure atmospheric signals from the planet at levels of 10–100 part per million (ppm) relative to the star and, given the bright nature of targets, also allows more sophisticated techniques, such as eclipse mapping, to give a deeper insight into the nature of the atmosphere. These types of observations require a stable payload and satellite platform with broad, instantaneous wavelength coverage to detect many molecular species, probe the thermal structure, identify clouds and monitor the stellar activity. The wavelength range proposed covers all the expected major atmospheric gases from e.g. H2O, CO2, CH4 NH3, HCN, H2S through to the more exotic metallic compounds, such as TiO, VO, and condensed species. Simulations of ARIEL performance in conducting exoplanet surveys have been performed – using conservative estimates of mission performance and a full model of all significant noise sources in the measurement – using a list of potential ARIEL targets that incorporates the latest available exoplanet statistics. The conclusion at the end of the Phase A study, is that ARIEL – in line with the stated mission objectives – will be able to observe about 1000 exoplanets depending on the details of the adopted survey strategy, thus confirming the feasibility of the main science objectives.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Transcript Expression Analysis of Putative Trypanosoma brucei GPI-Anchored Surface Proteins during Development in the Tsetse and Mammalian Hosts

Human African Trypanosomiasis is a devastating disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma brucei. Trypanosomes live extracellularly in both the tsetse fly and the mammal. Trypanosome surface proteins can directly interact with the host environment, allowing parasites to effectively establish and maintain infections. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring is a common posttranslational modification associated with eukaryotic surface proteins. In T. brucei, three GPI-anchored major surface proteins have been identified: variant surface glycoproteins (VSGs), procyclic acidic repetitive protein (PARP or procyclins), and brucei alanine rich proteins (BARP). The objective of this study was to select genes encoding predicted GPI-anchored proteins with unknown function(s) from the T. brucei genome and characterize the expression profile of a subset during cyclical development in the tsetse and mammalian hosts. An initial in silico screen of putative T. brucei proteins by Big PI algorithm identified 163 predicted GPI-anchored proteins, 106 of which had no known functions. Application of a second GPI-anchor prediction algorithm (FragAnchor), signal peptide and trans-membrane domain prediction software resulted in the identification of 25 putative hypothetical proteins. Eighty-one gene products with hypothetical functions were analyzed for stage-regulated expression using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The expression of most of these genes were found to be upregulated in trypanosomes infecting tsetse salivary gland and proventriculus tissues, and 38% were specifically expressed only by parasites infecting salivary gland tissues. Transcripts for all of the genes specifically expressed in salivary glands were also detected in mammalian infective metacyclic trypomastigotes, suggesting a possible role for these putative proteins in invasion and/or establishment processes in the mammalian host. These results represent the first large-scale report of the differential expression of unknown genes encoding predicted T. brucei surface proteins during the complete developmental cycle. This knowledge may form the foundation for the development of future novel transmission blocking strategies against metacyclic parasites

First Report of Circulating MicroRNAs in Tumour Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Periodic Syndrome (TRAPS)

Tumor necrosis factor-receptor associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) is a rare autosomal dominant autoinflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of long-lasting fever and inflammation in different regions of the body, such as the musculo-skeletal system, skin, gastrointestinal tract, serosal membranes and eye. Our aims were to evaluate circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) levels in patients with TRAPS, in comparison to controls without inflammatory diseases, and to correlate their levels with parameters of disease activity and/or disease severity. Expression levels of circulating miRNAs were measured by Agilent microarrays in 29 serum samples from 15 TRAPS patients carrying mutations known to be associated with high disease penetrance and from 8 controls without inflammatory diseases. Differentially expressed and clinically relevant miRNAs were detected using GeneSpring GX software. We identified a 6 miRNAs signature able to discriminate TRAPS from controls. Moreover, 4 miRNAs were differentially expressed between patients treated with the interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist, anakinra, and untreated patients. Of these, miR-92a-3p and miR-150-3p expression was found to be significantly reduced in untreated patients, while their expression levels were similar to controls in samples obtained during anakinra treatment. MiR-92b levels were inversely correlated with the number of fever attacks/year during the 1st year from the index attack of TRAPS, while miR-377-5p levels were positively correlated with serum amyloid A (SAA) circulating levels. Our data suggest that serum miRNA levels show a baseline pattern in TRAPS, and may serve as potential markers of response to therapeutic intervention

Melancholic versus non-melancholic depression: differences on cognitive function. A longitudinal study protocol

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cognitive dysfunction is common among depressed patients. However, the pattern and magnitude of impairment during episodes of major depressive disorder (MDD) through to clinical remission remains unclear. Heterogeneity of depressive patients and the lack of longitudinal studies may account for contradictory results in previous research.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>This longitudinal study will analyze cognitive differences between CORE-defined melancholic depressed patients (n = 60) and non-melancholic depressed patients (n = 60). A comprehensive clinical and cognitive assessment will be performed at admission and after 6 months. Cognitive dysfunction in both groups will be longitudinally compared, and the persistence of cognitive impairment after clinical remission will be determined.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>The study of neuropsychological dysfunction and the cognitive changes through the different phases of depression arise a wide variety of difficulties. Several confounding variables must be controlled to determine if the presence of depression could be considered the only factor accounting for group differences.</p