Addressivity and Sociability in “Celtic Men”

This paper is part of a larger project which examines the sociable dimensions of computer-mediated communication in local newsgroups on the Internet. This paper, however, takes as its primary data a complete thread of eighty five messages posted to RumCom’s largest ISP specific newsgroup,\ud rumcom.local. The messages share the subject header “Celtic Men” and play off contributors ideas about regional aspects of masculinity and male sexuality. As a whole they provide a good example of both a specific culturally located example of developing communication and a more general example of newsgroup CMC. Using this case as our exemplar we shall hold up for examination three matters: how the technology and software supplied by RumCom influence the form of interaction within the newsgroup; how different types of addressivity are used by posters to manage their communication; and how the notion of sociability figures as a useful device to characterise the specific traits of newsgroup interaction

Rhetoric in Stand-up Comedy: Exploring Performer-Audience Interaction

Artykuł poświęcony jest przedstawieniom komediowym, a w szczególności technikom retorycznym używanym przez odnoszących sukcesy aktorów. Autor wskazuje podstawowe techniki: powtórzenia, aliteracje i asonanse, zmiany głosu oraz intonacji. Uznaje, że ich użycie jest ściśle powiązane ze śmiechem widowni i analizuje przypadki śmiechu. Twierdzi, że aktorzy używają tych technik dla zasygnalizowania puent, przy których śmiech jest oczekiwaną reakcją widowni.Widzowie to aktywni uczestnicy interakcji. Wychwytują oni retoryczne techniki i śmieją się lub nie reagująna nie śmiechem. Decyzja zależy od rezultatu negocjacji z aktorem. Autor może sterować widownią, jednak nie ma nad nią pełnej kontroli. Podważa to model bodziec-reakcja, często implicite obecny w wyjaśnieniach istoty śmiechu i humoru.32

Grain Boundary Loops in Graphene

Topological defects can affect the physical properties of graphene in unexpected ways. Harnessing their influence may lead to enhanced control of both material strength and electrical properties. Here we present a new class of topological defects in graphene composed of a rotating sequence of dislocations that close on themselves, forming grain boundary loops that either conserve the number of atoms in the hexagonal lattice or accommodate vacancy/interstitial reconstruction, while leaving no unsatisfied bonds. One grain boundary loop is observed as a "flower" pattern in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) studies of epitaxial graphene grown on SiC(0001). We show that the flower defect has the lowest energy per dislocation core of any known topological defect in graphene, providing a natural explanation for its growth via the coalescence of mobile dislocations.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figures. Revised title; expanded; updated reference

Integrating Biological and Social Processes in Relation to Early-Onset Persistent Aggression in Boys and Girls

This study examined the relationship between biological and social risk factors and aggressive behavior patterns in an Australian high-risk sample of 370 adolescents. Perinatal, temperamental, familial, sociodemographic, and behavioral data were collected during interviews completed during pregnancy, immediately postpartum, and when the children were 6 months old and 5, 14, and 15 years old. Youths were given tests of verbal and neuropsychological functioning at the age 5 and age 15 follow-ups. Youths were divided into early-onset persistent aggression, adolescent-onset aggression, and nonaggressive behavior groups. Results revealed that the interaction of biological and social risk factors was significantly related to early-onset persistent aggression. Gender and developmental phase of measurement moderated the relationship between biosocial risks and the outcomes of early-onset persistent aggression and adolescent-onset aggression

Control of intestinal stem cell function and proliferation by mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism.

Most differentiated cells convert glucose to pyruvate in the cytosol through glycolysis, followed by pyruvate oxidation in the mitochondria. These processes are linked by the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), which is required for efficient mitochondrial pyruvate uptake. In contrast, proliferative cells, including many cancer and stem cells, perform glycolysis robustly but limit fractional mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation. We sought to understand the role this transition from glycolysis to pyruvate oxidation plays in stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Loss of the MPC in Lgr5-EGFP-positive stem cells, or treatment of intestinal organoids with an MPC inhibitor, increases proliferation and expands the stem cell compartment. Similarly, genetic deletion of the MPC in Drosophila intestinal stem cells also increases proliferation, whereas MPC overexpression suppresses stem cell proliferation. These data demonstrate that limiting mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism is necessary and sufficient to maintain the proliferation of intestinal stem cells

European association for the study of obesity position statement on the global COVID-19 pandemic

COVID-19, the infectious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 12, 2020. The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), as a scientific and medical society dedicated to the promotion of health and well-being, is greatly concerned about this global health challenge and its significant impacts on individuals, families, communities, health systems, nations, and wider society

LDHB contributes to the regulation of lactate levels and basal insulin secretion in human pancreatic β cells

Using 13C6 glucose labeling coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and 2D 1H-13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence NMR spectroscopy, we have obtained a comparative high-resolution map of glucose fate underpinning β cell function. In both mouse and human islets, the contribution of glucose to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is similar. Pyruvate fueling of the TCA cycle is primarily mediated by the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase, with lower flux through pyruvate carboxylase. While the conversion of pyruvate to lactate by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) can be detected in islets of both species, lactate accumulation is 6-fold higher in human islets. Human islets express LDH, with low-moderate LDHA expression and β cell-specific LDHB expression. LDHB inhibition amplifies LDHA-dependent lactate generation in mouse and human β cells and increases basal insulin release. Lastly, cis-instrument Mendelian randomization shows that low LDHB expression levels correlate with elevated fasting insulin in humans. Thus, LDHB limits lactate generation in β cells to maintain appropriate insulin release.</p

Mercury isotopes in a forested ecosystem: Implications for air‐surface exchange dynamics and the global mercury cycle

Forests mediate the biogeochemical cycling of mercury (Hg) between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems; however, there remain many gaps in our understanding of these processes. Our objectives in this study were to characterize Hg isotopic composition within forests, and use natural abundance stable Hg isotopes to track sources and reveal mechanisms underlying the cycling of Hg. We quantified the stable Hg isotopic composition of foliage, forest floor, mineral soil, precipitation, and total gaseous mercury (THg (g) ) in the atmosphere and in evasion from soil, in 10‐year‐old aspen forests at the Rhinelander FACE experiment in northeastern Wisconsin, USA. The effect of increased atmospheric CO 2 and O 3 concentrations on Hg isotopic composition was small relative to differences among forest ecosystem components. Precipitation samples had δ 202 Hg values of −0.74 to 0.06‰ and ∆ 199 Hg values of 0.16 to 0.82‰. Atmospheric THg (g) had δ 202 Hg values of 0.48 to 0.93‰ and ∆ 199 Hg values of −0.21 to −0.15‰. Uptake of THg (g) by foliage resulted in a large (−2.89‰) shift in δ 202 Hg values; foliage displayed δ 202 Hg values of −2.53 to −1.89‰ and ∆ 199 Hg values of −0.37 to −0.23‰. Forest floor samples had δ 202 Hg values of −1.88 to −1.22‰ and ∆ 199 Hg values of −0.22 to −0.14‰. Mercury isotopes distinguished geogenic sources of Hg and atmospheric derived sources of Hg in soil, and showed that precipitation Hg only accounted for ~16% of atmospheric Hg inputs. The isotopic composition of Hg evasion from the forest floor was similar to atmospheric THg (g) ; however, there were systematic differences in δ 202 Hg values and MIF of even isotopes (∆ 200 Hg and ∆ 204 Hg). Mercury evasion from the forest floor may have arisen from air‐surface exchange of atmospheric THg (g) , but was not the emission of legacy Hg from soils, nor re‐emission of wet‐deposition. This implies that there was net atmospheric THg (g) deposition to the forest soils. Furthermore, MDF of Hg isotopes during foliar uptake and air‐surface exchange of atmospheric THg (g) resulted in the release of Hg with very positive δ 202 Hg values to the atmosphere, which is key information for modeling the isotopic balance of the global mercury cycle, and may indicate a shorter residence time than previously recognized for the atmospheric mercury pool. Key points Atmospheric Hg was fractionated during uptake by foliage (‐2.89 permil δ202Hg) Hg evading from soil was from atmospheric Hg interaction with soil environment Air‐surface exchange of Hg releases Hg with positive δ202Hg to global reservoirPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/97463/1/2011GB004202RRts04.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/97463/2/2011GB004202RRts05.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/97463/3/2011GB004202RRts01.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/97463/4/gbc20021.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/97463/5/2011GB004202RRts06.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/97463/6/2011GB004202RRts02.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/97463/7/2011GB004202RRts07.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/97463/8/2011GB004202RRts03.pd