Newspaper genres in exil (based on analyses of the first Czech and German periodicals in the United States)

The paper briefly informs about the mass emigration of Czechs and Germans to the USA that took place in Europe in the 19th century. It then examines the Czech and German immigrant press, especially the first periodicals/newspapers that both ethnicgroups began to publish in the country across the sea. Both Czech and German periodicals were printed only in their mother tongue for almost the entire 19th century. This paper presents a corpus of material that has been analyzed to determine the newspaper genres most commonly found in these early periodicals. It is difficult to assess the types of primarily Czech genres, because at the beginning of the second half of the 19th century many genres were still emerging, not only in the immigrant press, but also in the press at home, in the homeland. Nevertheless, applied analyses have clearly shown that Czech and German periodicals always had a predominantly news section at the beginning of their existence, i.e. news from home, Europe, the USA and local news. Moreover, the subject matter and content of these reports also document the degree of integration of immigrants into the new society and the degree of their assimilation with it

Między przystępnością a nakłanianiem. Wykorzystanie efektu H2H w badaniach komunikacji marek

This article investigates whether and to what extent the H2H proximisation strategy, commonly used to assess language readability, can also be applied to analyse the persuasive and manipulative functions (conation) of brand communication. The H2H effect refers to the explicit marking of personal deixis in the text, such as sender and receiver references. Analysing these markers could facilitate the identification of distinct interpersonal communication styles. The analysed texts were polish texts from the websites and Facebook pages of the ten brands ranked as the most user-friendly globally (according to the Siegel+Gale Global Simplicity Index). Our mixed-methods approach combined automated analysis of the H2H effect with a qualitative examination of sentences containing explicit sender and receiver markers. The language of the analysed brands meets readability standards related to interpersonal communication. Most brands use a symmetrical H2H style, maintaining a similar balance of sender and receiver markers. However, the qualitative analysis revealed numerous non-prototypical uses of personal deixis, particularly in thecase of sender markers. Recipient markers (such as “you”) tend to exhibit clearerpragmatic roles, while sender markers (“I”, “we”) are more often used in complex, non-standard contexts. Most brands adopt a balanced, symmetrical relational style. The application of the H2H strategy depends largely on text type and communicative function, especially when language is used for conative purposes. This use of language can complicate readers’ perception of interpersonal relationships in brand communication

Odmiana potoczna

The colloquial style of Polish is not monolithic; rather, it is characterised by a complex communicative structure and a range of pragmatic conditions, which account for its internal differentiation. As one of the variants of the national language, colloquialPolish is primarily spoken and marked by situationality, interactivity and visuality. Polish stylistics distinguishes between two conceptions of colloquialism rooted in different approaches to style: the functional-communicative and the anthropological--cultural. The former treats colloquial style as a set of functionally motivated stylistic and linguistic means, and the variety is considered to serve all domains of everyday life. The latter, by contrast, views colloquial style as a way of conceptualisingthe world, which involves a specific linguistic worldview, experiential framing and a cultural attitude. The colloquial style is positioned as the stylistic core of the Polish language, from which other functional styles evolve. One of the major issues explored in the 21st century is a shift of colloquial forms into official communication, linked to the transformation of modern culture. Numerous extralinguistic and intralinguistic factors contributing to the shift have been identified. Reactions to the spread of colloquialism vary widely, but it is usually regarded either as a process of refreshing modernization of the language or a sign of its degradation, particularly in digital and media contexts

Zmiany klimatyczne i ich skutki: refleksje teologiczne

Two-time Pulitzer Prize winner for his books on the dire threat of climate change, Harvard Professor of Biology, Edward Wilson, judges that “for the first time in history a conviction has developed among those who can actually think more than a decade ahead that we are playing a global end game”. In this essay, we seek to show that the global end game to which Wilson refers and which we will name ecological crisis demonstrate that humans and Nature are not separated, indeed cannot be separated, and that it is the human attempt to separate them that has generated the ecological crisis. We first lay out the detailsof climate change and then offer some theological suggestions to alter the end game and reverse and heal climate change.Edward Wilson, dwukrotny zdobywca nagrody Pulitzera za swoje książki na temat tragicznego zagrożenia zmianami klimatycznymi, profesor biologii z Harvardu, ocenia, że „po raz pierwszy w historii wśród tych, którzy potrafią myśleć z wyprzedzeniem większym niż dekada, rozwinęło się przekonanie, że gramy w globalną grę końcową”. Autorzy niniejszego eseju wykazują, że globalna gra końcowa, do której odnosi się Wilson i którą nazywamy kryzysemekologicznym, pokazuje, że ludzie i Natura nie są oddzieleni, a nawet nie mogą być oddzieleni, i że to ludzka próba ich rozdzielenia doprowadziła do kryzysu ekologicznego. Tekstnajpierw przedstawia szczegóły zmian klimatycznych, a następnie proponuje kilka teologicznych sugestii, aby zmienić końcową grę oraz odwrócić i uzdrowić zmiany klimatyczne

Recenzja: Paweł Pyrchała. 2022. Wspomnienia i fakty. Oprac. Jerzy Nowok. Zabrze: Wydawnictwo Dukle, 564 s., ISBN 978-83- 954310-7-4.

Recenzja książki ks. Pyrchały - jego autobiografi

Colette et le corps masculin : un « female gaze » avant l’heure ?

Colette puts the physical aspect of things and living beings at the heart of her writing. This applies to men and their bodies. One could almost say she looks at men in the same way as men look at women, especially in her marked preference for young and beautiful bodies. But she also differs in several ways. She does not have any feeling either of superiority or resentment towards men. She also shows an acute conscience of time and its destructive power, which makes men’s beauty as ephemeral as women’s. Finally, her acceptation and representation of the feminine in every man probably makes her one of the first creative writers playing consistently on the blurring of genders

Pragmatizácia slovenskej štylistiky digitálnej éry

In this study, we respond to the fact that the context of the scientific interpretation of the stylistic differentiation in communication is formed by the framework conditions of contemporary communication, characterized by tendencies such as mediatization,digitalization, and the gradual democratization of social processes. Functional styles are transformed under the influence of new media, which expand communication possibilities and, at the same time, relativize classic style-forming factors, especiallyobjective ones such as author, environment, addressee, function. The expansion of the communication space of each style into the digital space significantly affects the functions it fulfills, the dynamics of genres (the transformation of traditional genres,the emergence of new genres and the disappearance of some traditional genres) and the qualitative transformation of styles (the form and stylistic values characteristic of expressions realized in individual spheres of communication change). The presentstudy aims to clarify the shift in the division and reflection of the communication continuum in the stylistics of the last 50 years. This is achieved using the support of traditionally divided communication spheres: the sphere of ordinary communication,the sphere of professional communication, the sphere of institutional contact, the sphere of mass media communication, the commercial sphere, and the sphere of artistic creation. Furthermore, the study specifically addresses the spheres of rhetoric,which affect the entire communication continuum

Criminal jurisdiction in outer space in multi-module space objects. An outline of the problem

This article is focused on criminal jurisdiction in space in relation to multimodularobjects launched into it. The purpose of the considerations is to present contentious situations in space that are lacking in adequate legal regulation and to proposepossible solutions to the problem. The study of this aspect has a fundamental impact on the development of international space law and also allows for precise and, above all, effective enforcement. In his considerations, the author presents a methodology of classification of crimes in space and also indicates, by citing an examplary situation based on the registration issue, that new multi-modular objects created by the amalgamation/merger of separately registered objects, may cause difficulties in the attribution of responsibility and enforcement of possible criminal acts. The paper uses comparative, deductive, historicallegal and individual case methods. The findings of the analyses confirm that the precision of defining certain aspects is insufficient and there are deficiencies occurring in the Registration Convention, which necessitates updating the Convention’s provisions. Therefore, probably the most effective method is to use potentially optimal solutions focusing on the application of reasoning by analogy in the context of the laws in force on Earth, e.g. the Law of the Sea, the Antarctic Treaty.Problematyka artykułu skupia się na jurysdykcji karnej w przestrzeni kosmicznej w odniesieniu do wielomodułowych obiektów wypuszczonych w przestrzeń kosmiczną. Celem podjętej tematyki jest wyodrębnienie sytuacji spornych w kosmosie, które nie mają odpowiedniego uregulowania prawnego i zaprezentowanie możliwych rozwiązań problemu. Badanie tego aspektu ma fundamentalny wpływ na rozwój międzynarodowego prawa kosmicznego, a także pozwala na precyzyjną i przede wszystkim skuteczną egzekucję. W swoich rozważaniach autor przedstawia metodykę klasyfikacji przestępstw w kosmosie, a także wskazuje, poprzez przytoczenie przykładowej sytuacji opierającej się na problematyce rejestracji, iż wielomodułowe obiekty powstałe w wyniku scalenia/fuzji osobno zarejestrowanych obiektów mogą powodować trudności z przypisaniem odpowiedzialności i egzekucją ewentualnych czynów zabronionych. W pracy zastosowano metodę komparatystyczną, dedukcyjną, historyczno-prawną i indywidualnych przypadków. Wynikiem przeprowadzonych analiz stwierdzono niewystarczającą precyzję definiowania pewnych aspektów oraz braki występujące przede wszystkim w konwencji o rejestracji w zakresie opisywanym w treści artykułu, co wyraża konieczność aktualizacji jej przepisów. W związku z tym prawdopodobnie najskuteczniejszą metodą jest zastosowanie poglądowych rozwiązań skupiających się na zastosowaniu wnioskowania przez analogię w kontekście przepisów obowiązujących na Ziemi tj. Prawo Morza, Traktat Antarktyczny.