Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Patrimonio local y turismo de interior : Calzada de Caltrava y Aldea del Rey

Resumen basado en el de la publicación.A lo largo del curso 2012/2013 se ha desarrollado en el IES Eduardo Valencia de Calzada de Calatrava el Proyecto de Innovación Educativa “Patrimonio local y turismo rural: Calzada de Calatrava y Aldea del Rey”, con el fin de que los alumnos profundizasen en el conocimiento de los recursos histórico-artísticos, naturales y antropológicos que ambas localidades ofrecen, pusieran en valor el patrimonio que posee el medio que les rodea, y apreciasen sus potencialidades económicas y laborales, que pueden resultar básicas para la dinamización de la comarca. También se perseguía mostrar la importancia del aprovechamiento de las posibilidades que el conocimiento de idiomas extranjeros, el dominio de las tecnologías de la información y el uso del diseño otorgan a los alumnos, que han de constituirse en futuros recursos laborales. El último objetivo, pero no menos importante, fue el fomento del espíritu emprendedor en lo relativo a las posibilidades que otorga el medio local rural desde el punto de vista turístico.Consejería de Educación, Cultura y Deportes de Castilla-La ManchaCastilla La ManchaES