69 research outputs found
Transition state in atomic physics
The transition state is fundamental to modern theories of reaction dynamics: essentially, the transition state is a structure in phase space that all reactive trajectories must cross. While transition-state theory (TST) has been used mainly in chemical physics, it is possible to apply the theory to considerable advantage in any collision problem that involves some form of reaction. Of special interest are systems in which chaotic scattering or half-scattering occurs such as the ionization of Rydberg atoms in external fields. In this paper the ionization dynamics of a hydrogen atom in crossed electric and magnetic fields are shown to possess a transition state: We compute the periodic orbit dividing surface (PODS) which is found not to be a dividing surface when projected into configuration space. Although the possibility of a PODS occurring in phase space rather than configuration space has been recognized before, to our knowledge this is the first actual example: its origin is traced directly to the presence of velocity-dependent terms in the Hamiltonian. Our findings establish TST as the method of choice for understanding ionization of Rydberg atoms in the presence of velocity-dependent forces. To demonstrate this TST is used to (i) uncover a multiple-scattering mechanism for ionization and (ii) compute ionization rates. In the process we also develop a method of computing surfaces of section that uses periodic orbits to define the surface, and examine the fractal nature of the dynamics
Statistical Theory of Asteroid Escape Rates
Transition states in phase space are identified and shown to regulate the rate of escape of asteroids temporarily captured in circumplanetary orbits. The transition states, similar to those occurring in chemical reaction dynamics, are then used to develop a statistical semianalytical theory for the rate of escape of asteroids temporarily captured by Mars. Theory and numerical simulations are found to agree to better than 1%. These calculations suggest that further development of transition state theory in celestial mechanics, as an alternative to large-scale numerical simulations, will be a fruitful approach to mass transport calculations
Early Science with the Large Millimeter Telescope: COOL BUDHIES I - a pilot study of molecular and atomic gas at z~0.2
An understanding of the mass build-up in galaxies over time necessitates
tracing the evolution of cold gas (molecular and atomic) in galaxies. To that
end, we have conducted a pilot study called CO Observations with the LMT of the
Blind Ultra-Deep H I Environment Survey (COOL BUDHIES). We have observed 23
galaxies in and around the two clusters Abell 2192 (z = 0.188) and Abell 963 (z
= 0.206), where 12 are cluster members and 11 are slightly in the foreground or
background, using about 28 total hours on the Redshift Search Receiver (RSR) on
the Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT) to measure the CO J = 1 --> 0
emission line and obtain molecular gas masses. These new observations provide a
unique opportunity to probe both the molecular and atomic components of
galaxies as a function of environment beyond the local Universe. For our sample
of 23 galaxies, nine have reliable detections (S/N3.6) of the CO
line, and another six have marginal detections (2.0 < S/N < 3.6). For the
remaining eight targets we can place upper limits on molecular gas masses
roughly between and . Comparing our results to other
studies of molecular gas, we find that our sample is significantly more
abundant in molecular gas overall, when compared to the stellar and the atomic
gas component, and our median molecular gas fraction lies about above
the upper limits of proposed redshift evolution in earlier studies. We discuss
possible reasons for this discrepancy, with the most likely conclusion being
target selection and Eddington bias.Comment: MNRAS, submitte
1999-2000 Music of Our Time: Music of the South
Music of the South - Featuring composers from Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, South Carolina, and Virginia.
Schedule April 24, 2000 - Student Spotlight April 26, 2000 - Faculty Recital April 28, 2000 - Contemporary Ensemble
Composers Terry Vosbein (Virginia) James Paul Sain (Florida) Curtis Bryant (Georgia) Andrew Houchins (Florida-Kansas) Donald Waxman (Florida) Dinos Constantinides (Louisiana) Laurence Sherr (Georgia) Vivian Adelberg Rudow (Maryland) Thomas McKinley (Florida) Reginald Bain (South Carolina) Frederick Kaufman (Florida) Paul Richards (Florida) John Winsor (Virginia) Arthur Weisberg (Florida)https://spiral.lynn.edu/conservatory_otherseasonalconcerts/1113/thumbnail.jp
OMEGA - OSIRIS Mapping of Emission-line Galaxies in A901/2: I. Survey description, data analysis, and star formation and AGN activity in the highest density regions
We present an overview of and first results from the OMEGA (OSIRIS Mapping of Emission-line Galaxies in the multicluster system A901/2) survey. The ultimate goal of this project is to study star formation and active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity across a broad range of environments at a single redshift. Using the tuneable-filter mode of the Optical System for Imaging and low-Intermediate-Resolution Integrated Spectroscopy (OSIRIS) instrument on Gran Telescopio Canarias, we target Hα and [NII] emission lines over an ∼0.5×0.5 deg2 region containing the z∼0.167 multicluster system A901/2. In this paper, we describe the design of the survey, the observations and the data analysis techniques developed. We then present early results from two OSIRIS pointings centred on the cores of the A901a and A902 clusters. AGN and star-forming (SF) objects are identified using the [NII]/Hα versus WHα diagnostic diagram. The AGN hosts are brighter, more massive, and possess earlier type morphologies than SF galaxies. Both populations tend to be located towards the outskirts of the high-density regions we study. The typical Hα luminosity of these sources is significantly lower than that of field galaxies at similar redshifts, but greater than that found for A1689, a rich cluster at z∼0.2. The Hα luminosities of our objects translate into star formation rates (SFRs) between ∼0.02 and 6 Myr−1. Comparing the relationship between stellar mass and Hα-derived SFR with that found in the field indicates a suppression of star formation in the cores of the clusters. These findings agree with previous investigations of this multicluster structure, based on other star formation indicators, and demonstrate the power of tuneable filters for this kind of study
A Purity Monitoring System for the H1 Liquid Argon Calorimeter
The ionization probes used for monitoring the liquid argon purity in the H1
calorimeter are described and results of their operation in tests at CERN and
during the period 1992 to the end of 1998 at HERA are given. The high
sensitivity of the charge measurements leads to refined charge collection
models, and to the observation of a variation of the ionization yield of our
electron sources with temperature.Comment: 26 pages, 14 figure
Global genetic diversity status and trends: towards a suite of Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) for genetic composition
Biodiversity underlies ecosystem resilience, ecosystem function, sustainable economies, and human well-being. Understanding how biodiversity sustains ecosystems under anthropogenic stressors and global environmental change will require new ways of deriving and applying biodiversity data. A major challenge is that biodiversity data and knowledge are scattered, biased, collected with numerous methods, and stored in inconsistent ways. The Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON) has developed the Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) as fundamental metrics to help aggregate, harmonize, and interpret biodiversity observation data from diverse sources. Mapping and analyzing EBVs can help to evaluate how aspects of biodiversity are distributed geographically and how they change over time. EBVs are also intended to serve as inputs and validation to forecast the status and trends of biodiversity, and to support policy and decision making. Here, we assess the feasibility of implementing Genetic Composition EBVs (Genetic EBVs), which are metrics of within-species genetic variation. We review and bring together numerous areas of the field of genetics and evaluate how each contributes to global and regional genetic biodiversity monitoring with respect to theory, sampling logistics, metadata, archiving, data aggregation, modeling, and technological advances. We propose four Genetic EBVs: (i) Genetic Diversity; (ii) Genetic Differentiation; (iii) Inbreeding; and (iv) Effective Population Size (Ne). We rank Genetic EBVs according to their relevance, sensitivity to change, generalizability, scalability, feasibility and data availability. We outline the workflow for generating genetic data underlying the Genetic EBVs, and review advances and needs in archiving genetic composition data and metadata. We discuss how Genetic EBVs can be operationalized by visualizing EBVs in space and time across species and by forecasting Genetic EBVs beyond current observations using various modeling approaches. Our review then explores challenges of aggregation, standardization, and costs of operationalizing the Genetic EBVs, as well as future directions and opportunities to maximize their uptake globally in research and policy. The collection, annotation, and availability of genetic data has made major advances in the past decade, each of which contributes to the practical and standardized framework for large-scale genetic observation reporting. Rapid advances in DNA sequencing technology present new opportunities, but also challenges for operationalizing Genetic EBVs for biodiversity monitoring regionally and globally. With these advances, genetic composition monitoring is starting to be integrated into global conservation policy, which can help support the foundation of all biodiversity and species' long-term persistence in the face of environmental change. We conclude with a summary of concrete steps for researchers and policy makers for advancing operationalization of Genetic EBVs. The technical and analytical foundations of Genetic EBVs are well developed, and conservation practitioners should anticipate their increasing application as efforts emerge to scale up genetic biodiversity monitoring regionally and globally
A survivor population of wild colonies of European honeybees in the northeastern United States: investigating its genetic structure
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