POTENSI GO-FUN (GOLD AND FUCOIDAN (SARGASSUM SP.) NANOPARTICLE) DALAM DIAGNOSTIK DAN TERAPI RETINOBLASTOMA

Retinoblastoma is one of the malignant diseases of the eye originating from embryonal tissue. This disease most often occurs in children aged less than 5 years. The prevalence of retionoblastoma ranges from 2-4% of all pediatric malignancies with an incidence of 1 from 15,000-20,000 birth rates. This disease can occur unilaterally or bilaterally. The most common initial symptom is leukoria. The diagnosis of retinoblastoma are biopsy, X photos, ultrasound, Ct-Scan and MRI. However, this detection methods has side effects in children, so a diagnostic method is needed that has minimal side effects. As for the treatment of retinoblastoma are chemotherapy, surgery, focal therapy (cryotherapy, laser thermotherapy), external radiation and enucleation. However, this methods of therapy has side effects in the form of orbital bone growth disorders and mortality due to secondary malignancy. The use of chemotherapy not only attacks cancer cells but also can attack healthy cells so that patients can experience disorders such as diarrhea, anemia, etc. So from tha , the right and effective method of detection and therapy is needed. The writing of this review is to examine the most effective and efficient detection and therapy methods for treating retinoblastoma. In this review, there were Pubmed and Google Scholar-based data searches and no factor index restrictions using the keywords Gold Nanoparticle, fucoidan, nanoparticle, retinoblastoma and Surgassum sp. A review showed that Gold Nanoparticle (GNP) effectively used in the detection of retinoblastoma and Fucoidan nanoparticle is effective for the treatment of retinoblastoma. Gold Nanoparticle (GNP) and Fucoidan nanoparticle are potentially diagnostic and therapy on retinoblastoma .

TINJAUAN TEORI HUKUM EKONOMI PADA PERJANJIAN SEWA BARANG MILIK NEGARA (Studi Kasus Kantor Unit Penyelenggara Pelabuhan Kelas III Kuala Samboja Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Laut dengan PT. Tanjung Berlian Samboja)

The purpose of this study is to determine the lease agreement of State Property (BMN) in terms of economic law theory. The research method uses a Doctrinal approach which is normative in character with research targets from a set of norms, at the application level, or research depth. Current infrastructure development requires efficiency, effectiveness of state spending and increased state revenue. In practice, Non-Tax State Revenue (PNBP) as state revenue has not been implemented optimally by the Ministry of State / Department. One of them is PNBP derived from the management of State assets, namely State Property (BMN). Alternative utilization of BMN by leasing BMN implemented by Ministries / Institutions in the scope of East Kalimantan, namely the utilization of BMN located at the Kuala Samboja Class III Port Operator Unit Office, the asset is leased for the stockpiling of land construction goods at Ambarawang Laut Port. So the researcher wants to know how the BMN utilization lease agreement from the Economic Analysis of Law theory, Investment theory, and how the BMN utilization Lease Agreement at the Kuala Samboja Class III Port Operator Unit Office in terms of agreement law. The results: (1) The BMN utilization lease agreement from the Economic Analysis of Law theory sees the role of law in terms of value, usefulness, and efficiency can be applied; (2) The contract signing process takes a long time, because on the leasing side there are several agencies in the approval, such as the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Transportation internally; (3) BMN utilization is seen by investment theory to be very beneficial for both parties; (4) BMN utilization lease agreement seen from the elements of the agreement, legally valid

HUBUNGAN PEMAKAIAN SUNTIK KB 3 BULAN DEPO MEDROXY PROGESTERONE ASETAT (DMPA) DENGAN EFEK SAMPING PADA AKSEPTOR KB DI UPT PUSKESMAS TELUK BAYUR

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeetahui hubungan pemakaian suntik KB 3 bulan Depo Medroxyprogesterone Asetat (DMPA) dengan efek samping pada akseptor kb di Puskesmas Teluk Bayur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan metode cross sectional. Populasi adalah wanita usia subur yang sudah terdaftar menggunakan KB Suntik DMPA di Puskesmas Teluk Bayur periode Januari-Juni 2022 sebanyak 893 akseptor, berdasarkan rumus Slovin diperoleh sampel berjumlah 90 responden. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil dari penelitian ini Sebagian besar lama pemakaian KB Suntik 3 Bulan (DMPA) lebih dari 1 tahun (lama) (61,8%), berat badan naik (76,6%), ada gangguan haid (73.3%), ada penurunan libido (71,1%). Ada hubungan pemakaian suntik KB 3 bulan (DMPA) dengan efek samping pada akseptor kb (p=0.000, α < 0.05). Pada penelitian ini terdapat hubungan pemakaian suntik KB 3 bulan Depo Medroxyprogesterone Asetat (DMPA) dengan efek samping pada akseptor kb

Peningkatan Respon Siswa Pada Pembelajaran Matematika Melalui Pendekatan Pakem(PTK Pembelajaran Matematika Kelas IV SD N Ngemplak Lasem Rembang)

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan respon, keaktifan, dan kreativitas siswa terhadap matematika sampai 75 % dengan menggunakan pendekatan pembelajaran aktif, kreatif, efektif, dan menyenangkan (PAKEM). Subyek penelitiannya adalah seluruh siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Ngemplak Lasem Rembang sejumlah 33 orang. Data dikumpulkan melalui metode observasi, tes, catatan lapangan, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas bersifat kolaboratif antara peneliti, guru matematika, dan kepala sekolah. Analisis data secara kualitatif melalui tiga alur. Data hasil penelitian menyimpulkan terdapat peningkatan respon siswa terhadap matematika, yaitu : 1) kesiapan siswa menerima pelajaran pada putaran I 48,48%, putaran II 69,69%, dan putaran III 81,81%, 2) siswa yang membawa buku paket pada putaran I 33,33%, putaran II 63,63%, dan putaran III 78,78%, 3) siswa yang mempersiapkan tugas/PR pada putaran I 72,72%, putaran II 84,84%, dan putaran III 93,93%, 4) siswa yang konsentrasi mengikuti kegiatan belajar mengajar pada putaran I 42,42%, putaran II 57,57%, dan putaran III 75,75%, serta 5) siswa yang mencatat hasil pembahasan pada putaran I 72,72%, putaran II 81,81%, dan putaran III 87,87%. Keaktifan siswa mengalami peningkatan, yaitu : 1) keaktifan bertanya pada putaran I 45,45%, putaran II 57,57%, dan putaran III 78,78%, 2) keaktifan menjawab pertanyaan pada putaran I 54,54%, putaran II 66,66%, dan putaran III 75,75%, serta 3) keaktifan mengerjakan soal pada putaran I 51,51%, putaran II 60,60%, dan putaran III 78,78%. Kreativitas siswa mengalami peningkatan, yaitu : 1) kreativitas menggunakan alat peraga pada putaran I 33,33%, putaran II 75,75%, dan putaran III 84,84%, serta 2) kreativitas mengemukakan ide pada putaran I 27,27%, putaran II 51,51%, dan putaran III 75,75%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah bahwa penerapan pendekatan PAKEM dalam pembelajaran matematika dapat meningkatkan respon, keaktifan, dan kreativitas siswa mencapai 75%

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING FIX-UP STRATEGY TO TEACH READING VIEWED FROM STUDENTS’ SELF-CONFIDENCE

NUNUN INDRASARI , 2012. The Effectiveness of Using Fix Up Strategy to Teach Reading Viewed from Students’ Self-confidence (An Experimental Research at the Eighth Grade Students of SMP Negeri 2 Temanggung in the Academic Year of 2011/2012). Thesis. Surakarta. English Education Department of Graduate School, Sebelas Maret University. 2012.The objectives of this study are: (1) to reveal whether Fix-Up Strategy is more effective than Direct Teaching to teach reading; (2) to reveal whether students having high self-confidence have better reading skill than those having low self-confidence; and (3) to reveal whether there is an interaction effect between teaching strategies and the students’ self-confidence on the students’ reading skill.The experimental research was conducted at SMP Negeri 2 Temanggung, from March to April 2012. The sample of the research was two classes; those were VIIID which was treated as experimental class taught by using fix up strategy and VIIIG which was treated as control class taught using by direct teaching. Each of them consisted of 26 students. The data were in the form of quantitative data that were taken from reading test and self-confidence questionaire. The data of reading test were used to know the students’ reading skill. The data of self-confidence questionaire were used to know the students’ level of self-confidence. The data of reading test were the scores of students’ reading test that was administered after having eight times treatment for each class. The researcher analyzed the data using ANOVA or analysis of variance.Based on the result of data analysis, the research findings are: (1) Fix up strategy is more effective than direct teaching to teach reading; (2) the achievement of students’ skill in reading does not depend on the level of the students’ self-confidence; and (3) there is an interaction between teaching strategies and students’ self-confidence. Based on these research findings, it can be concluded that fix up strategy is an effective way to teach reading for the eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Temanggung. From that result, fix up strategy can be implemented at class in order to achieve optimal result. By applying this, the teacher has to facilitate the students to think creatively and actively in reading text by giving fix- up tools, such as previewing, predicting, rereading, monitoring, making connection, visualizing, making inference, and retelling the text

APPLYING COOPERATIVE LEARNING MODEL TYPE NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER(NHT) FOR ACCOUNTING STUDENTS AT SMKN 1 NANGA PINOH

Students' low scores and interest in accounting major at SMKN 1 Nanga Pinoh became the main issues in conducting this research. Learning outcomes are low because students are not able to understand the material well. Besides, learning activities were boring for the students. This research aims to improve student learning outcomes in English using the Cooperative Learning Type Number Head Together (NHT) learning model. The research method used was classroom action research. Data collection tools used were observation, test questions, questionnaires, and interviews. The findings showed that in the first cycle, there was a 60% increase in student learning activities, and only 57% of students completed. Meanwhile, more than 50% of the students liked the learning model used. A greater increase was shown by students after the second cycle was implemented. Observation results showed 90% of students were active while studying. Learning outcomes also increase to 90% of students complete. Meanwhile, the response questionnaire shows that almost 100% of students like learning English using the Cooperative Learning Type Number Head Together (NHT) learning model

PENGARUH EKSTRAK KAYU MANIS TERHADAP KADARKOLESTEROL PADA TIKUS RATTUS NOVERGICUS STRAIN WISTAR YANG DI INDUKSI STREPTOZOTOSIN

Komplikasi pada penderita diabetes melitus yang tidak terkontrol menyebabkan peningkatan kadar kolesterol darah yang disebut dengan dislipidemia. Dislipidemia dapat disebabkan meningkatnya kadar asam lemak bebas di dalam tubuh akibat kegagalan glukosa masuk ke dalam sel dan menurunnya produksi insulin pada penderita diabetes. Salah satu bahan yang dapat membantu kerja insulin masuk ke dalam sel adalah kayu manis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kayu manis dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol tikus putih jenis Rattus novergicus strain wistar yang mengalami diabetes melitus. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi true eksperimental dengan “Post Control Group Design”. Hewan coba 15 tikus jantan dirandomisasi dalam 3 kelompok, yaitu : tikus normal (Kontrol negatif), tikus diabetes (kontrol positif), dan tikus diabetes yang diberi ekstra kayu manis dengan 400mg/hari selama 24 hari. Variable independent adalah kayu manis dan variable dependen adalah penurunan kadar kolesterol. Data yang disajikan adalah data dari perolehan Uji one way ANOVA dengan tingkat signifikan. Berdasarkan nilai rata- rata terendah terdapat pada perlakuan kontrol negatif dan pada perlakuan kayu manis (0,000) dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol positif (0,013). Berdasarkan Uji Statistik One way ANOVA (α = 0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat penurunan kadar kolesterol yang signifikan terhadap kelompok kontrol positif (p = 0.013 ) dan kontrol negatif (p = 0.000) pada dosis 400mg/hari (0,000). Dapat ditarik kesimpulan yang dapat diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah pemberian ekstra kayu manis dosis 400mg/hari efektif dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol pada tikus diabetes melitus

Trade Supervision Through the Government Electronic System Based on Law No. 7 Of 2014 Concerning Trade And Government Regulation No. 80 of 2019 Concerning Trade Through Electronic Systems

The rapid development of technology changes people's lifestyles, including trade transactions. This research discusses the regulation of trade through electronic systems based on Law No. 7 of 2014 on Trade and Government Regulation No. 80 of 2019 on Trading Through Electronic Systems as well as preventive and repressive efforts by the government in order to supervise the implementation of trade transactions through electronic systems or e-commerce based on PP No. 80 of 2019 on Trading Through Electronic Systems. The methods used are arranged systematically, logically, and rationally. In the sense that the entire data obtained will be connected adjusted to the subject matter examined. Regulation on trading through electronic systems or e-commerce under the mandate of Article 66 of Law No. 7 of 2014 on trade is contained in Government Regulation No. 80 of 2019 on Trading Through Electronic Systems. In Government Regulation No. 80 of 2019 concerning Trade Through Electronic Systems, the government seeks guidance as a preventive effort and implements administrative sanctions as a repressive effort on perpetrators of violations of applicable rules and regulations. The government should make trade arrangements through electronic systems to not overlap with other rules and conduct further guidance on trading businesses through electronic systems. Keywords: Regulations, Supervise, E-commerc

THE EFFECT OF USING WARP UP STRATEGY TOWARD READING COMPREHENSION OF THE SECOND YEAR STUDENTS AT SMPN 3 KEMPAS INDRAGIRI HILIR REGENCY

This research entitles “The Effect of Using Warp up Strategy Toward Reading Comprehension of the Second Year Students at SMPN 3 Kempas Indragiri Hilir Regency”.Best on the preliminary research, the second year studentsof SMPN 3 Kempas Indragiri Hilir Regency got it difficult in reading comprehension of descrivtife texts. It wea show by these phenomenon; difficult in finding main idea in the text, finding synonim of word, getting information of thr text, identifying thr referense, and concluding the reading text correctly. The objectives of the research were to find out students’ comprehension on reading text before being taught by using Warp up Strategy, to find out students’ comprehension on reading text after being taught by using W Strategy, and to find out whether warp up here was significant effect as a Strategy toward reading comprehension of the second year students at SMPN 3 Kempas Indragiri Hilir regency. In this research, the type of research used was experimental research. The writer took two groups, pretest-posttest design. The writer used two classes as sample that consisted of 60 students, in which for class Experiment consisted of 30 students and for class Control consisted of 30 students. Before giving the treatment, the students were given pre-test and post-test were given after the treatment. The technique of collecting data was the test. The test was used in order to find out the students’ comprehension in reading text at the second year of SMPN 3 Kempas Indragirihilir Regency. To analyze the data, the researcher adopted independent sample t-test formula by using SPSS. After analyzing the data, the researcher found that there was significant effect of using Warp Up Strategy on reading comprehension at the second year students of SMPN 3 Kempas Indragirihilir Regency, in which to obtained (3.330) will be compared to “t” table, df = 58 to compare either at the level of 5% or 1%. At the level of 5%, to is 2.00, while at the level of 1%, ttable is 2.65. Thus, the to obtained is higher than tt, either at the level 5% or 1%. In other words, we can read 2.002.65. Based on the calculation, the writer can conclude that Ha is accepted or there is significant difference between Warp Up strategy and Conventional Strategy on student’s reading comprehension of the second year Students at SMPN 3 Kempas Indragirihilir Regency