Large-Scale Pattern Formation in the Presence of Small-Scale Random Advection

Despite the presence of strong fluctuations, many turbulent systems such as Rayleigh-B\'{e}nard convection and Taylor-Couette flow display self-organized large-scale flow patterns. How do small-scale turbulent fluctuations impact the emergence and stability of such large-scale flow patterns? Here, we approach this question conceptually by investigating a class of pattern forming systems in the presence of random advection by a Kraichnan-Kazantsev velocity field. Combining tools from pattern formation with statistical theory and simulations, we show that random advection shifts the onset and the wave number of emergent patterns. As a simple model for pattern formation in convection, the effects are demonstrated with a generalized Swift-Hohenberg equation including random advection. We also discuss the implications of our results for the large-scale flow of turbulent Rayleigh-B\'{e}nard convection

Lärmkartierung nach EU-Umgebungslärmrichtlinie: Erarbeitung von Methoden und Strategien zur Optimierung der Lärmkartierung nach EU-Umgebungslärmrichtlinie: Systematische Untersuchung der aus der Berechnungsvorschrift CNOSSOS resultierenden Anforderungen für die Lärmkartierung an Straßen am Beispiel der Stadt Bautzen im Freistaat Sachsen

Für die die Lärmkartierung 2022 stehen aufgrund der Einführung der europaweit einheitlichen Berechnungsmethode CNOSSOS etliche Neuerungen an. Das LfULG hat in einem vorgelagerten Projekt die daraus zu erwartenden Auswirkungen auf die Schallberechnung und die Lärmkarten untersucht. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse werden in dieser Schriftenreihe vorgestellt. Weiterhin werden Empfehlungen zu optimierten Parametereinstellungen für die Berechnung der Lärmkarten gegeben. Ziel ist eine beschleunigte Schallberechnung mit möglichst geringer Beeinflussung der Ergebnisgenauigkeit. Die Publikation richtet sich sowohl an die mit der Kartierung betrauten Behörden und Stellen als auch an die Gemeinden, welche die Lärmkarten interpretieren und mit der Öffentlichkeit diskutieren müssen. Redaktionsschluss: 15.04.202

Automated grain size measurements from airborne remote sensing for long profile measurements of fluvial grain sizes

Recent research has demonstrated that image processing can be applied to derive surficial median grain size data automatically from high-resolution airborne digital imagery in fluvial environments. However, at the present time, automated grain size measurement is limited to the dry exposed bed areas of the channel. This paper shows that the application area of automated grain size mapping can be extended in order to include the shallow wetted areas of the channel. The paper then proceeds to illustrate how automated grain size measurement in both dry and shallow wetted areas can be used to measure grain sizes automatically for long river lengths. For the present study, this results in a median grain size profile covering an 80 km long river which is constructed from over three million automated grain size measurements

Influence of flow containment and substrate entrainment upon sandy hybrid event beds containing a co-genetic mud-clast-rich division

Individual sandstone beds containing a co-genetic mud-clast-rich (MCR) division are being increasingly described from the distal reaches of many deep-water fan systems. These deposits, termed hybrid event beds, are considered to record a flow whose composition and rheology changed significantly to become increasingly more argillaceous (clay-rich), MCR and turbulence-suppressed during the deposition of a single event bed. Studies of confined systems, in which gravity flows were affected by confining sea-floor topography, have documented similar deposits recording turbulence suppression in proximity to confining sea-floor topography (e.g., basin margins). In new research from a confined, contained system from the Castagnola Basin of NW Italy, lateral transects of individual sandstone beds 5 km in extent show that individual sandstone beds contain a co-genetic MCR division which is often; 1) extensive across the basin rather than localised adjacent to confining topography; 2) exhibits rapid, significant and repeated variation in depositional character over short length scales (tens to hundreds of metres), specifically in terms of the thickness of co-genetic MCR divisions and the size and abundance of clasts contained within them; and 3) exhibits variation in depositional character over larger length scales (> 1 km) which is non-systematic in relation to palaeoflow direction or increasing proximity towards the counter slope of the downstream confining northern basin margin. A suite of factors within the Castagnola Basin is thought to have resulted in the deposition of these co-genetic MCR divisions whose thickness and distribution are less predictable in relation to confining sea-floor topography than those described from other confined uncontained settings. Specific factors include; 1) recent and voluminous entrainment of muddy substrate at seemingly random locations across the basin floor and their support and transport within a high sediment concentration gravity flow; and 2) containment (ponding) of gravity flows within a confined basin, which is thought to have established extensive and complex three dimensional flow dynamics across the basin following flow interaction with multiple basin margins. This research highlights the role of entrainment of muddy substrate and subsequent transport processes of muddy substrate for developing co-genetic MCR divisions, as well as the importance of understanding the degree of containment depositional systems experienced when considering the spatial distribution of depositional facies, and thus reservoir quality, in topographically complex settings

Characterizing geomorphological change to support sustainable river restoration and management

The hydrology and geomorphology of most rivers has been fundamentally altered through a long history of human interventions including modification of river channels, floodplains, and wider changes in the landscape that affect water and sediment delivery to the river. Resultant alterations in fluvial forms and processes have negatively impacted river ecology via the loss of physical habitat, disruption to the longitudinal continuity of the river, and lateral disconnection between aquatic, wetland, and terrestrial ecosystems. Through a characterization of geomorphological change, it is possible to peel back the layers of time to investigate how and why a river has changed. Process rates can be assessed, the historical condition of rivers can be determined, the trajectories of past changes can be reconstructed, and the role of specific human interventions in these geomorphological changes can be assessed. To achieve this, hydrological, geomorphological, and riparian vegetation characteristics are investigated within a hierarchy of spatial scales using a range of data sources. A temporal analysis of fluvial geomorphology supports process-based management that targets underlying problems. In this way, effective, sustainable management and restoration solutions can be developed that recognize the underlying drivers of geomorphological change, the constraints imposed on current fluvial processes, and the possible evolutionary trajectories and timelines of change under different future management scenarios. Catchment/river basin planning, natural flood risk management, the identification and appraisal of pressures, and the assessment of restoration needs and objectives would all benefit from a thorough temporal analysis of fluvial geomorphology