Эпидемиологические особенности клинического течения глаукомы в зависимости от социальных, экономических, этнических и географических факторов

Today glaucoma remains one of the main reasons of visual function loss all over the world, regardless of differences in social conditions and living standards in the country. Summarizing literature data on the structural distribution of glaucoma and its clinical forms, we can conclude that, firstly, the spread of the disease in different climatic regions across the globe has a mosaic pattern, and secondly, that the epidemiological characteristics of the disease in a particular area depend on multiple factors, including ethnic, climatic, social and economic. Blindness is not only a medical phenomenon; it has profound social and economic importance, and consequently has attracted attention not only in medicine, but also on the national and even international level. Various groups of experts developed recommendations for diagnostic and therapeutic measures to fight glaucoma-related blindness, conferences are being held worldwide, as well as special training for medical personnel. Unfortunately, despite these efforts, there still is a high prevalence of blindness in some countries. It is primarily related to the level of their socioeconomic development that impedes the country to take an adequate amount of preventive measures against blindness.На сегодняшний день глаукома все еще остается в лидирующей группе заболеваний, приводящих к распаду зрительных функций, независимо от социальных условий и уровня жизни в конкретной стране. Обобщая данные литературы о структурном распределении глаукомы и ее клинических форм, можно сделать заключение о мозаичности распространения заболевания в различных климатогеографических регионах по всему земному шару и множественной зависимости эпидемиологической характеристики заболевания в конкретном районе, в том числе от этнических, климатических, социальных и экономических факторов. Слепота как явление не только медицинское, но и имеющее глубокое социальное и экономическое значение, привлекает внимание не только на медицинском, но и на государственном и даже межгосударственном уровне. Для борьбы со слепотой от глаукомы группами специалистов разрабатываются рекомендации по проведению диагностических и лечебных мероприятий, проводятся образовательные курсы, конференции для повышения квалификации медицинского персонала. К сожалению, несмотря на прилагаемые усилия, по-прежнему высок процент слепоты в отдельных странах, это в первую очередь связано с уровнем их социально-экономического развития, что не дает проводить профилактические мероприятия по борьбе со слепотой в надлежащем объеме

Причины поздней диагностики и эпидемиологические особенности глаукомы в Северо-восточном регионе Аравийского полуострова

PURPOSE: to study the causes of late diagnosis and clinical features of glaucoma in the North-eastern region of the Arabian Peninsula on the example of Kuwait country. METHODS: 620 patients with glaucoma, who sought medical help in Kuwait Oil Company Ahmadi Hospital, were included in the study. They underwent standard ophthalmic examination (subjective visometry with Snellen chart, computer perimetry, gonioscopy, refractometry, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, Goldmann tonometry) and filled out a specially designed questionnaire. The obtained data were statistically processed and analyzed. RESULTS: Among the reasons of late glaucoma diagnosisthat we selected the leading role belonged to the lack of symptoms, especially in the early stages of disease. By the degree of significance the risk factors of severe glaucoma were located as follows: age, climatic and geographic region of residence, type of glaucoma, the degree of urbanization. The level of intraocular pressure and detection of late (III, IV) stages of glaucoma were increased in the older age groups, which is consistent with the global statistics. A comparative analysis of intraocular pressure in flatland patients (95% CI 25.39±0.24 mm Hg) and coastal patients (95% CI 21.87±0.19 mm Hg) with the Student's T test showed with a high significance (pЦЕЛЬ. Изучить причины поздней диагностики и особенностей клинического течения глаукомы в Северовосточном регионе Аравийского полуострова на примере государства Кувейт. МЕТОДЫ. Обследовано 620 человек с глаукомой, обращавшихся в клинику госпиталя Кувейтской нефтяной компании города Ахмади. Пациенты прошли стандартное офтальмологическое обследование (субъективная визометрия с помощью таблиц Снеллена, компьютерная периметрия, гониоскопия, рефрактометрия, биомикроскопия, офтальмоскопия, тонометрия по Гольдману), а также заполнили специально разработанную анкету. Полученные данные были подвергнуты статистической обработке и проанализированы. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Среди выделенных нами причин поздней диагностики глаукомы ведущей оказалась бессимптомность заболевания, особенно на ранних этапах. По степени значимости факторы риска тяжелого течения глаукомы расположились следующим образом: возраст, климатогеографический регион проживания, форма глаукомы, степень урбанизации. Уровень внутриглазного давления (ВГД), а также встречаемость поздних (III, IV) стадий глаукомы повышались в старших возрастных группах, что согласуется с общемировой статистикой. Сравнительный анализ уровня внутриглазного давления у пациентов равнинного (95% доверительный интервал 25,39±0,24 мм рт.ст.) и прибрежного (95% доверительный интервал 21,87±0,19 мм рт.ст.) регионов по критерию Стьюдента с высокой достоверностью (

Measurement of the t t-bar production cross section in the dilepton channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The t t-bar production cross section (sigma[t t-bar]) is measured in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV in data collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 inverse femtobarns. The measurement is performed in events with two leptons (electrons or muons) in the final state, at least two jets identified as jets originating from b quarks, and the presence of an imbalance in transverse momentum. The measured value of sigma[t t-bar] for a top-quark mass of 172.5 GeV is 161.9 +/- 2.5 (stat.) +5.1/-5.0 (syst.) +/- 3.6(lumi.) pb, consistent with the prediction of the standard model.Comment: Replaced with published version. Included journal reference and DO

Combined search for the quarks of a sequential fourth generation

Results are presented from a search for a fourth generation of quarks produced singly or in pairs in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 inverse femtobarns recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011. A novel strategy has been developed for a combined search for quarks of the up and down type in decay channels with at least one isolated muon or electron. Limits on the mass of the fourth-generation quarks and the relevant Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements are derived in the context of a simple extension of the standard model with a sequential fourth generation of fermions. The existence of mass-degenerate fourth-generation quarks with masses below 685 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level for minimal off-diagonal mixing between the third- and the fourth-generation quarks. With a mass difference of 25 GeV between the quark masses, the obtained limit on the masses of the fourth-generation quarks shifts by about +/- 20 GeV. These results significantly reduce the allowed parameter space for a fourth generation of fermions.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu decay channel, where l = e or mu, in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is presented. The data were collected at the LHC, with the CMS detector, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 inverse femtobarns. No significant excess is observed above the background expectation, and upper limits are set on the Higgs boson production cross section. The presence of the standard model Higgs boson with a mass in the 270-440 GeV range is excluded at 95% confidence level.Comment: Submitted to JHE

Search for anomalous t t-bar production in the highly-boosted all-hadronic final state

A search is presented for a massive particle, generically referred to as a Z', decaying into a t t-bar pair. The search focuses on Z' resonances that are sufficiently massive to produce highly Lorentz-boosted top quarks, which yield collimated decay products that are partially or fully merged into single jets. The analysis uses new methods to analyze jet substructure, providing suppression of the non-top multijet backgrounds. The analysis is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 inverse femtobarns. Upper limits in the range of 1 pb are set on the product of the production cross section and branching fraction for a topcolor Z' modeled for several widths, as well as for a Randall--Sundrum Kaluza--Klein gluon. In addition, the results constrain any enhancement in t t-bar production beyond expectations of the standard model for t t-bar invariant masses larger than 1 TeV.Comment: Submitted to the Journal of High Energy Physics; this version includes a minor typo correction that will be submitted as an erratu

Measurement of the Z/gamma* + b-jet cross section in pp collisions at 7 TeV

The production of b jets in association with a Z/gamma* boson is studied using proton-proton collisions delivered by the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and recorded by the CMS detector. The inclusive cross section for Z/gamma* + b-jet production is measured in a sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.2 inverse femtobarns. The Z/gamma* + b-jet cross section with Z/gamma* to ll (where ll = ee or mu mu) for events with the invariant mass 60 < M(ll) < 120 GeV, at least one b jet at the hadron level with pT > 25 GeV and abs(eta) < 2.1, and a separation between the leptons and the jets of Delta R > 0.5 is found to be 5.84 +/- 0.08 (stat.) +/- 0.72 (syst.) +(0.25)/-(0.55) (theory) pb. The kinematic properties of the events are also studied and found to be in agreement with the predictions made by the MadGraph event generator with the parton shower and the hadronisation performed by PYTHIA.Comment: Submitted to the Journal of High Energy Physic

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles at high transverse momenta in PbPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 2.76 TeV

The azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles in PbPb collisions at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV is measured with the CMS detector at the LHC over an extended transverse momentum (pt) range up to approximately 60 GeV. The data cover both the low-pt region associated with hydrodynamic flow phenomena and the high-pt region where the anisotropies may reflect the path-length dependence of parton energy loss in the created medium. The anisotropy parameter (v2) of the particles is extracted by correlating charged tracks with respect to the event-plane reconstructed by using the energy deposited in forward-angle calorimeters. For the six bins of collision centrality studied, spanning the range of 0-60% most-central events, the observed v2 values are found to first increase with pt, reaching a maximum around pt = 3 GeV, and then to gradually decrease to almost zero, with the decline persisting up to at least pt = 40 GeV over the full centrality range measured.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Search for new physics with same-sign isolated dilepton events with jets and missing transverse energy

A search for new physics is performed in events with two same-sign isolated leptons, hadronic jets, and missing transverse energy in the final state. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.98 inverse femtobarns produced in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. This constitutes a factor of 140 increase in integrated luminosity over previously published results. The observed yields agree with the standard model predictions and thus no evidence for new physics is found. The observations are used to set upper limits on possible new physics contributions and to constrain supersymmetric models. To facilitate the interpretation of the data in a broader range of new physics scenarios, information on the event selection, detector response, and efficiencies is provided.Comment: Published in Physical Review Letter

Search for New Physics with Jets and Missing Transverse Momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search for new physics is presented based on an event signature of at least three jets accompanied by large missing transverse momentum, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 inverse picobarns collected in proton--proton collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. No excess of events is observed above the expected standard model backgrounds, which are all estimated from the data. Exclusion limits are presented for the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model. Cross section limits are also presented using simplified models with new particles decaying to an undetected particle and one or two jets