HUBUNGAN SUBSTRAT DASAR PERAIRAN DENGAN KEHADIRAN RUMPUT LAUT ALAM DI PERAIRAN UJUNG GENTENG, SUKABUMI, JAWA BARAT

Keberadaan jenis-jenis rumput laut alam sangat terkait dengan kondisi habitat tempat tumbuhnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan distribusi jenis rumput laut alam dengan tipe substrat dasar perairan. Pengumpulan data lapangan telah dilakukan pada 146 titik pengamatan, menggunakan transek kuadrat berukuran 1 m x 1 m, yang disebar vertikal mulai dari garis pantai hingga ke arah tubir dengan jarak antar titik sekitar 50 m. Lokasi pengamatan dikelompokkan menjadi tiga kawasan berdasarkan jarakdari garis pantai dengan perbedaan karakteristik antar masing-masing kawasan tersebut, yaitu kawasan 1, 2, dan 3 dengan jarak 0-100 m, 100-300 m, dan > 300 m dari garis pantai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 24 genus dari 34 spesies rumput laut yang termasuk dalam kelompok alga coklat, merah, dan hijau ditemukan pada ketiga kawasan dengan persentase total tutupan masing-masing 25,88%; 27,72%; dan 46,40%. Tutupan rumput laut tertinggi ditemukan pada kawasan 1, yang dicirikan oleh substrat pasir yang berasosiasi dengan lamun, dan diikuti oleh kawasan 2 dan 3. Hasil analisis diskriminan menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara distribusi alga merah dengan tipe substrat pasir; alga coklat dengan tipe substrat batu karang, pecahan karang, dan karang hidup; sedangkan alga hijau tersebar hampir di seluruh kawasan dengan tipe substrat yang berbeda. Informasi keterkaitan substrat dan keberadaan jenis rumput laut sangat penting dalam mendukung pengembangan teknologi budidaya rumput laut

PEMETAAN KELAYAKAN LAHAN UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN USAHA BUDI DAYA LAUT DENGAN APLIKASI INDERAJA DAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS DI PERAIRAN LEMITO. PROVINSI GORONTALO

Bagi kegiatan perikanan budi daya yang berkelanjutan, penentuan kualitas lingkungan yang memiliki risiko penurunan yang kecil sangat lah penting. pemilihan lokasi yang tepat merupakan langkah penting untuk memastikan keberlangsungan kegiatan budi daya yang berkelanjutan. Lokasi yang jelek akan menimbulkan kegiatan usaha yang tidak berkelanjutan. Penelitian kelayakan lahan usaha budi daya laut telah dilaksanakan di periran Lemito, Kabupaten Pohuwato Provinsi Gorontalo pada bulan Agustus 2003. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan analisis kelayakan lahan budi daya raut dengan memanfaatkan data inderaja danSistem lnformasi Geografis (SIG)

KONDISI RUMPUT LAUT ALAM DI PERAIRAN PANTAI UJUNG GENTENG, SUKABUMI DAN LABUHANBUA, SUMBAWA: POTENSI KARBON BIRU DAN PENGEMBANGAN BUDIDAYA

Sumberdaya rumput laut alam yang berlimpah di perairan Indonesia merefleksikan besarnya potensi penyerapan karbon oleh rumput laut untuk mengurangi gas rumah kaca, CO2, yang merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab terjadinya fenomena perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi serapan karbon oleh rumput laut alam di kawasan pesisir Labuhanbua, Kabupaten Sumbawa, NTB dan Ujung Genteng, Kabupaten Sukabumi, Jawa Barat. Pengumpulan data lapangan berdasarkan titik-titik pengamatan yang disebar pada transek garis yang tegak lurus terhadap garis pantai; meliputi data luas tutupan, jenis, dan kandungan karbon rumput laut alam yang dominan ditemukan pada kedua lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis-jenis rumput laut yang ditemukan di kawasan pantai Ujung Genteng terdiri atas 36 spesies dan di Labuhanbua 28 spesies. Berdasarkan besarnya simpanan karbon dalam bentuk biomassa pada berbagai spesies rumput laut alam di kedua lokasi penelitian, maka Sargassum sp., Padina sp., Dictyota dichotoma, Hydroclathrus clatratus, Gracilaria sp., G. foliifera, G. salicornia, Gelidium sp., dan Turbinaria sp., merupakan spesies potensial yang berperan sebagai media penyimpanan karbon biru, dan semua jenis tersebut dapat dikembangkan melalui aktivitas budidaya

The Abundance of Ornamental Corals After Mass Die Off in 1997 on the Padang Shelf Reef System, West Sumatera, Indonesia

The Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries aims to establish export quota ornamental corals based on scientifically-founded data from the natural environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the abundance of ornamental coral after mass die off in 1997. Ornamental corals were classified into three groups based on the guideline of ornamental coral propagation for trading purposes. Classification categories are rapid (3-6 months), middle (8-12 months), and slow growth rate (>24 months), which relates to their harvesting time when transplanted for the trade purpose. The survey method used line intercept transects to get coral condition data and belt transect with 2 m width to get ornamental coral data. Both line and belt transect have 30 m length and with three replicates. The study showed number of colony and abundance of ornamental coral for fast growth rate group such as Acropora sp (1348 col & 7.49 col/m2), Galaxea sp, Hydnophora exesa, H. microconus, Pocillopora damicornis, Stylopora sp and Montipora sp with the highest abundant found on Acropora sp and Montipora sp (1348 col & 7.49 col/m2). Whereas the coral which from middle growth rate were Leptoseris sp, Pavona sp, Platygyra sp, Favia sp, Favites sp with the highest abundant found on Favia sp (101 col & 0.56 col/m2). Coral species typically used for ornamental coral trade within the slow growth rate category such massive coral were not found on this survey. Due to the massive coral die-off in 1997 and the paucity of ornamental corals, the utilization of ornamental coral should be supported by coral transplantation and the broodstock of slow growth of coral taken from other area

Structural Characterization of Charcoal Exposed to High and Low pH: Implications for 14C Sample Preparation and Charcoal Preservation

Chemical and structural similarities between poorly preserved charcoal and its contaminants, as well as low radiocarbon concentrations in old samples, complicate 14C age determinations. Here, we characterize 4 fossil charcoal samples from the late Middle Paleolithic and early Upper Paleolithic strata of Kebara Cave, Israel, with respect to the structural and chemical changes that occur when they are subjected to the acid-base-acid (ABA) treatment. Differential thermal analysis and TEM show that acid treatment disrupts the structure, whereas alkali treatment results in the reformation of molecular aggregates. The major changes are ascribed to the formation of salt bridges at high pH and the disruption of the graphite-like crystallites at low pH. Weight losses during the treatments are consistently greater for older samples, implying that they are less well preserved. Based on the changes observed in vitro due to pH fluctuations, various methods for removing contamination, as well as a mechanism for preferential preservation of charcoal in nature, are proposed.Anthropolog

PENENTUAN LOKASI BUDI DAYA RUMPUT LAUT (Euchema spp.) BERDASARKAN PARAMETER LINGKUNGAN DI PERAIRAN KECAMATAN MORO, PROVINSI KEPULAUAN RIAU

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan identifikasi kelayakan perairan untuk budi daya rumput laut dengan menggunakan metode long line berdasarkan parameter lingkungan di perairan Kecamatan Moro Provinsi Kepulauan Riau. Sebanyak 87 stasiun telah dikumpulkan selama survai lapangan pada bulan Agustus dan Oktober 2004. Data parameter lingkungan dan data penginderaan jauh selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan sistem informasi geografis dan multi kriteria analisis. Dari total potensial lokasi penelitian seluas 417 km2 (jarak 1 km dari garis pantai), kategori sangat layak di temukan di perairan sekitar Pulau Sugie dan Pulau Combol seluas 110 km2. Hasil verifikasi dari klasifikasi tingkat kelayakan menunjukkan bahwa sekitar 44% dari budi daya yang ada menempati kategori sangat layak. Terdapat sekitar 6% yang menempati perairan dengan kategori tidak layak.This study was conducted to identify suitability site for seaweed culture using long line method based on environmental parameters in adjacent water of Moro Sub District, Riau Island Province. Field observation was primary data sources used in this study that was conducted on August and October 2000. Total of 87 sampling stations were collected during the field survey. Environmental data together with remote sensing data were analyzed using geographic information system and multi criteria analysis. The final result showed that from the total potential site of about 417 km2 (1 km buffer from coastline), area around Sugie Island and Combol Island (about 110 km2) were classified as highly suitable. The result has been verified with the existing seaweed aquaculture. About 44% of existing seaweed culture matched with highly suitable site and about 6% was located in unsuitable site

Alkali extraction of archaeological and geological charcoal: evidence for diagenetic degradation and formation of humic acids

Charcoal forms a crucial source of archaeological and palaeoenvironmental data, providing a record of cultural activities, past climatic conditions and a means of chronological control via radiocarbon (<sup>14</sup>C) dating. Key to this is the perceived resistance of charcoal to post-depositional alteration, however recent research has highlighted the possibility for alteration and degradation of charcoal in the environment. An important aspect of such diagenesis is the potential for addition of exogenous 'humic acids' (HAs), to affect the accuracy of archaeological and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions based upon chemical analyses of HA-containing charcoal. However the release of significant quantities of HA from apparently pristine charcoals raises the question whether some HA could be derived via diagenetic alteration of charcoal itself. Here we address this question through comparison of freshly produced charcoal with samples from archaeological and geological sites exposed to environmental conditions for millennia using elemental (C/H/O) and isotopic (δ<sup>13</sup>C) measurements, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton Liquid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (<sup>1</sup>H NMR). The results of analyses show that the presence of highly carboxylated and aromatic alkali-extractable HA in charcoal from depositional environments can often be attributable to the effects of post-depositional processes, and that these substances can represent the products of post-depositional diagenetic alteration in charcoal

Isotopes in pyrogenic carbon: a review

Pyrogenic carbon (PC; also known as biochar, charcoal, black carbon and soot) derived from natural and anthropogenic burning plays a major, but poorly quantified, role in the global carbon cycle. Isotopes provide a fundamental fingerprint of the source of PC and a powerful tracer of interactions between PC and the environment. Radiocarbon and stable carbon isotope techniques have been widely applied to studies of PC in aerosols, soils, sediments and archaeological sequences, with the use of other isotopes currently less developed. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge regarding (i) techniques for isolating PC for isotope analysis and (ii) processes controlling the carbon (<sup>13</sup>C and <sup>14</sup>C), nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and sulfur isotope composition of PC during formation and after deposition. It also reviews the current and potential future applications of isotope based studies to better understand the role of PC in the modern environment and to the development of records of past environmental change

Neonatal Administration of Thimerosal Causes Persistent Changes in Mu Opioid Receptors in the Rat Brain

Thimerosal added to some pediatric vaccines is suspected in pathogenesis of several neurodevelopmental disorders. Our previous study showed that thimerosal administered to suckling rats causes persistent, endogenous opioid-mediated hypoalgesia. Here we examined, using immunohistochemical staining technique, the density of μ-opioid receptors (MORs) in the brains of rats, which in the second postnatal week received four i.m. injections of thimerosal at doses 12, 240, 1,440 or 3,000 μg Hg/kg. The periaqueductal gray, caudate putamen and hippocampus were examined. Thimerosal administration caused dose-dependent statistically significant increase in MOR densities in the periaqueductal gray and caudate putamen, but decrease in the dentate gyrus, where it was accompanied by the presence of degenerating neurons and loss of synaptic vesicle marker (synaptophysin). These data document that exposure to thimerosal during early postnatal life produces lasting alterations in the densities of brain opioid receptors along with other neuropathological changes, which may disturb brain development

West Highland White Terriers under primary veterinary care in the UK in 2016: demography, mortality and disorders

The West Highland White Terrier (WHWT) is a relatively common breed in the UK, although Kennel Club registrations have declined in recent years. The VetCompass™ Programme collates de-identified clinical data from primary-care veterinary practices in the UK for epidemiological research. Using VetCompass clinical data, this study aimed to characterise the demography, longevity and common disorders of WHWTs under primary veterinary care in the UK