Predictors of Stress in Minority Students: The Relative Importance of Optimism Vs Resilience

Many college students experience stress; optimism and resilience may help students cope with it. Optimism is a person’s positive outlook on their circumstances and their future, whereas resilience is a persons ability to adapt andovercome challenges throughout their life. In this study, we compared the two to see which one would be a better predictor of stress. First year students (N =355) at a public regional university completed an online study that measure their perceive stress, optimism, and resilience. Bivariate correlations showed that resilience and optimism were both negatively correlated with all four sub-scales of students stress. Linear regression showed that resilience was a better predictor of stress than optimism for two types of, but optimism was a better predictor of the other twotypes of stress. These findings offer nuanced knowledge about the relationship between stress, resilience, and optimism

Examining the Association between Awareness and Acceptance of Impermanence and Humility

People who appreciate their smallness compared to the vastness of the world can detach themselves from their egos and become humble. We argue that humility is not only about the relative size of the ego, but also about the relativetime in which the ego exists. The current study examined the relationship between awareness and acceptance of the fleeting nature of time (impermanence) and humility. We collected data from 257 adults residing in the United Statesthrough an online study. Participants completed a measure of impermanence and measures of humility. Bivariate correlations suggested that there were significant positive correlations between acceptance and awareness of impermanence and humility. The results suggested people who were more aware and accepting of impermanence had higher reports of being humble, suggesting another strategy to increase humility

Intellectual Limitations and Doctor’s Orders: Examining the Relationship between Intellectual Humility and Adherence to Medical Advice

Nonadherence to medical advice poses a threat to patients, providers, and the health care system. Intellectual humility reflects one’s ability to recognize their intellectual limitations through the components of independence of intellectand ego, openness to revising one’s viewpoint, respect for other’s viewpoints, and lack of intellectual overconfidence. Possessing more intellectual humility may help improve the way people interact with medical information, thereby increasing their understanding of medical conditions and necessary treatment. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between intellectual humility and adherence by having participants (N = 196) complete the Comprehensive Intellectual Humility Scale and the General Medication Adherence Scale. We found that overall intellectual humility and components of independence of intellect and ego and lack of overconfidence were positively related to overall adherence and its components (behavior, burden, and cost). These findings have the potential to improve adherence and the understanding of intellectual humility in the medical context

Humble Coaches and Their Influence on Players and Teams: The Mediating Role of Affect-Based (but Not Cognition-Based) Trust

Humility is a desirable quality for leaders across different domains, but not much is known about humility in sports coaches. This study integrated positive and organizational psychology to define humility as it pertains to sports coaches and examined humble coaches’ influence on player development and team climate. Additionally, trust was examined as a mediator between coaches’ humility and the two outcomes. Participants (N = 184; Mage = 23.44, SDage = 8.69; 73.4% women) rated their coaches’ humility and reflected on the coaches’ influence and their team climate. Results indicated that affect-based, but not cognition-based, trust mediated the relationship between humility and coaches’ influence on players and team climate. Theoretical and practical implications for sports coaches are discussed

Humble Doctors, Healthy Patients? Exploring the Relationships Between Clinician Humility and Patient Satisfaction, Trust, and Health Status

Objective: In medicine, numerous commentaries implore clinicians (e.g., physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners) to display more humility. However, given the complex power dynamics between patients and clinicians, one should not presume that patients desire and appreciate humble clinicians. This paper examines the relationship between clinician humility and patient outcomes, and aims to provide empirical evidence for the significance of clinician humility. Methods: In two studies, patients (N = 497) recalled their most recent visit to a clinician through an online survey platform (Qualtrics). Patients rated their clinician’s humility, their satisfaction and trust with their clinician, and their health status. They also provided demographic information (e.g., gender, race, subjective SES), details about their clinician (e.g., gender, race, professional status) and information about their last medical visit with this clinician (e.g., purpose of visit, wait time during visit). Results: Through hierarchical multiple regression, we demonstrated that clinician humility positively predicted patient satisfaction, trust, and self-report health (only in Study 2) above and beyond patient, clinician, and visit characteristics. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that clinician humility can predict important patient outcomes above and beyond objective characteristics of the medical interaction. Practice Implications: These findings may shape clinician-patient interactions by validating the pursuit of humility during medical encounters

Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings

We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance (p < .05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p < .0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely highpowered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than .20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above .10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relatively high and low WEIRDness scores, respectively). Cumulatively, variability in the observed effect sizes was attributable more to the effect being studied than to the sample or setting in which it was studied.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIP

An Empirical Examination of "Doctorship Styles": Do Clinicians' Styles of Care Predict Patient Health Outcomes?

Effective clinicians need to motivate their patients to initiate and maintain beneficial health behaviors. Using transformational leadership theory as the theoretical framework, we proposed that clinicians' motivational behaviors can be organized into three "doctorship styles," or patterned approaches to patient care: passive-avoidant, transactional, and transformational. We also suggested that the styles differentially predict patient health outcomes. In Study 1, we used patient-reported questionnaires (n = 164) to examine the structure of doctorship styles and their relationship with patient outcomes. We found the second-order three-factor model to be the best model. Moreover, transformational doctorship was the only style that predicted patient adherence and it also positively predicted patient satisfaction above and beyond transactional doctorship. In Study 2, we used ratings of audio recordings of doctor-patient interactions and patient-reported post-visit questionnaires (n = 297) to examine the correlates of doctorship styles. We found that transformational doctorship positively predicted patient satisfaction and adherence, whereas transactional and passive-avoidant doctorship were not related to these variables. Finally, we found that passive-avoidant doctorship negatively predicted patients' outlook for their future health status, whereas transformational doctorship style positively predicted patients' outlook. Together these findings provide support for the doctorship styles framework and suggest a novel and fruitful direction for the study of clinicians' motivational behaviors

Water Quality Dynamics of Urban Water Bodies during Flooding in Can Tho City, Vietnam

Water pollution associated with flooding is one of the major problems in cities in the global South. However, studies of water quality dynamics during flood events are not often reported in literature, probably due to difficult conditions for sampling during flood events. Water quality parameters in open water (canals, rivers, and lakes), flood water on roads and water in sewers have been monitored during the extreme fluvial flood event on 7 October 2013 in the city of Can Tho, Vietnam. This is the pioneering study of urban flood water pollution in real time in Vietnam. The results showed that water quality is very dynamic during flooding, especially at the beginning of the event. In addition, it was observed that the pathogen and contaminant levels in the flood water are almost as high as in sewers. The findings show that population exposed to flood water runs a health risk that is nearly equal to that of being in contact with sewer water. Therefore, the people of Can Tho not only face physical risk due to flooding, but are also exposed to health risks