Transparenz und Undurchsichtigkeit : Untersuchung über die Leistungsfähigkeit der Diskurstheorie zur Begründung strafrechtlicher Normen

Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, ob die Diskurstheorie die praktische Autorität des Strafrechts begründen kann. Zunächst ist die These aufgestellt, dass strafrechtliche Normen ausschließlich und inhaltsunabhängig zu befolgen sind. Danach wird betont, dass in einer Demokratie strafrechtliche Normen dadurch als verbindlich anzuerkennen sind, dass prozedurale Bedingungen erfüllt werden. Nur unter diesen Voraussetzungen lässt sich von strafrechtlicher Schuld sprechen

Satisfacción y rotación laboral en personal de empresas mineras de Arequipa y Cusco

En la actualidad, la satisfacción laboral y la intención de rotación son considerados fenómenos organizacionales de gran importancia en la gestión empresarial debido al impacto que tienen sobre el desempeño de las empresas. A nivel internacional, existen varios estudios que buscan explicar estos fenómenos analizándolos de manera individual. Sin embargo, son pocos aquellos tratados que intentan explicar la relación existente entre ambos. Por este motivo, la presente investigación intenta demostrar la existencia de una relación causa-efecto entre ambos fenómenos organizacionales y con ello, mejorar la efectividad de los esfuerzos realizados por diversas compañías, las mismas que invierten recursos para mejorar la satisfacción de su personal sin necesariamente impactar positivamente la tasa de rotación del mismo. El presente estudio es de naturaleza descriptiva y emplea un enfoque cuantitativo de diseño correlacional en el que se obtuvo una muestra de 111 funcionarios de mando medio de las dos principales empresas de gran minería en los departamentos de Arequipa y Cusco para identificar los rangos de satisfacción laboral y su influencia en la intención de rotación. Para ello, se utilizó el cuestionario “Escala de Opiniones SL-SPC” (Palma, 2005) y el cuestionario de “Intención de Rotación Laboral” (Jacobo & Roodt, 2008). Consecuencia de este estudio, se identificó una relación causa-efecto entre ambos fenómenos. No obstante, no todos los componentes de la satisfacción laboral realmente influyeron sobre la intención de rotación. En este sentido y raíz de este estudio, ambas empresas pueden identificar qué aspectos de satisfacción laboral en su personal deben ser priorizados en aras de reducir verdaderamente la tasa de rotaciónNowadays, job satisfaction and turnover intention are considered organizational phenomena with great importance in business management due to the impact they have on companies’ performance. Internationally, there are several studies that seek to explain these phenomena, analyzing them individually. However, only few treaties attempt to explain the relationship between both concepts. In consequence, this research tries to demonstrate the existence of a cause-effect relationship between these two organizational phenomena and improve the effectiveness of different companies’ efforts, which invest resources to improve employee satisfaction without necessarily impact positively the turnover rate. This study has a descriptive nature and uses quantitative approach of correlational design which was obtained from a 111 senior executive sample of two leading companies in large-scale mining sector of Arequipa and Cusco, to identify the relationship between job satisfaction and its influence on turnover intention. This thesis used the "Scale of Views SL-SPC Questionnaire" (Palma, 2005) and the "Employment Turnover Intent Questionnaire" (Jacobo & Roodt, 2008). As a result, the relationship between both phenomena was identified, but not all job satisfaction components actually influenced the employee turnover intention. Therefore, using these study results, both companies (which provided the sample) can identify which aspects of job satisfaction in their employees must be prioritized in order to truly reduce the employee turnover rateTesi

A Predictive Model of Intein Insertion Site for Use in the Engineering of Molecular Switches

Inteins are intervening protein domains with self-splicing ability that can be used as molecular switches to control activity of their host protein. Successfully engineering an intein into a host protein requires identifying an insertion site that permits intein insertion and splicing while allowing for proper folding of the mature protein post-splicing. By analyzing sequence and structure based properties of native intein insertion sites we have identified four features that showed significant correlation with the location of the intein insertion sites, and therefore may be useful in predicting insertion sites in other proteins that provide native-like intein function. Three of these properties, the distance to the active site and dimer interface site, the SVM score of the splice site cassette, and the sequence conservation of the site showed statistically significant correlation and strong predictive power, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.79, 0.76, and 0.73 respectively, while the distance to secondary structure/loop junction showed significance but with less predictive power (AUC of 0.54). In a case study of 20 insertion sites in the XynB xylanase, two features of native insertion sites showed correlation with the splice sites and demonstrated predictive value in selecting non-native splice sites. Structural modeling of intein insertions at two sites highlighted the role that the insertion site location could play on the ability of the intein to modulate activity of the host protein. These findings can be used to enrich the selection of insertion sites capable of supporting intein splicing and hosting an intein switch

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049