Link to the Land and Mino-Pimatisiwin (Comprehensive Health) of Indigenous People Living in Urban Areas in Eastern Canada

Mino-pimatisiwin is a comprehensive health philosophy shared by several Indigenous peoples in North America. As the link to the land is a key element of mino-pimatisiwin, our aim was to determine if Indigenous people living in urban areas can reach mino-pimatisiwin. We show that Indigenous people living in urban areas develop particular ways to maintain their link to the land, notably by embracing broader views of “land” (including urban areas) and “community” (including members of different Indigenous peoples). Access to the bush and relations with family and friends are necessary to fully experience mino-pimatisiwin. Culturally safe places are needed in urban areas, where knowledge and practices can be shared, contributing to identity safeguarding. There is a three-way equilibrium between bush, community, and city; and mobility between these places is key to maintaining the balance at the heart of mino-pimatisiwin

Population screening for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiencies in Isabel Province, Solomon Islands, using a modified enzyme assay on filter paper dried bloodspots

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency poses a significant impediment to primaquine use for the elimination of liver stage infection with <it>Plasmodium vivax </it>and for gametocyte clearance, because of the risk of life-threatening haemolytic anaemia that can occur in G6PD deficient patients. Although a range of methods for screening G6PD deficiency have been described, almost all require skilled personnel, expensive laboratory equipment, freshly collected blood, and are time consuming; factors that render them unsuitable for mass-screening purposes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A published WST8/1-methoxy PMS method was adapted to assay G6PD activity in a 96-well format using dried blood spots, and used it to undertake population screening within a malaria survey undertaken in Isabel Province, Solomon Islands. The assay results were compared to a biochemical test and a recently marketed rapid diagnostic test.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Comparative testing with biochemical and rapid diagnostic test indicated that results obtained by filter paper assay were accurate providing that blood spots were assayed within 5 days when stored at ambient temperature and 10 days when stored at 4 degrees. Screening of 8541 people from 41 villages in Isabel Province, Solomon Islands revealed the prevalence of G6PD deficiency as defined by enzyme activity < 30% of normal control was 20.3% and a prevalence of severe deficiency that would predispose to primaquine-induced hemolysis (WHO Class I-II) of 6.9%.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The assay enabled simple and quick semi-quantitative population screening in a malaria-endemic region. The study indicated a high prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Isabel Province and highlights the critical need to consider G6PD deficiency in the context of <it>P. vivax </it>malaria elimination strategies in Solomon Islands, particularly in light of the potential role of primaquine mass drug administration.</p

Quantum teleportation over the Swisscom telecommunication network

We present a quantum teleportation experiment in the quantum relay configuration using the installed telecommunication network of Swisscom. In this experiment, the Bell state measurement occurs well after the entanglement has been distributed, at a point where the photon upon which data is teleported is already far away, and the entangled qubits are photons created from a different crystal and laser pulse than the teleported qubit. A raw fidelity of 0.93+/-0.04 has been achieved using a heralded single-photon source.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, updated references on May 3rd. To be published in Journal of the Optical Society of America B, Feature issue "Optical Quantum-Information Science", February 200

What Stimulates Researchers to Make Their Research Usable? Towards an Openness Approach

Ambiguity surrounding the effect of external engagement on academic research has raised questions about what motivates researchers to collaborate with third parties. We argue that what matters for society is research that can be absorbed by users. We define openness as a willingness by researchers to make research more usable by external partners by responding to external influences in their own research practices. We ask what kinds of characteristics define those researchers who are more open to creating usable knowledge. Our empirical study analyses a sample of 1583 researchers working at the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC). Results demonstrate that it is personal factors (academic identity and past experience) that determine which researchers have open behaviours. The paper concludes that policies to encourage external engagement should focus on experiences which legitimate and validate knowledge produced through user encounters, both at the academic formation career stage as well as through providing ongoing opportunities to engage with third parties.The data used for this study comes from the IMPACTO project funded by the Spanish Council for Scientific Research - CSIC (Ref. 200410E639). The work also benefited from a mobility grant awarded by Eu-Spri Forum to Julia Olmos Penuela & Paul Benneworth for her visiting research to the Center of Higher Education Policy Studies. Finally, Julia Olmos Penuela also benefited from a post-doctoral grant funded by the Generalitat Valenciana (APOSTD-2014-A-006).Olmos-Peñuela, J.; Benneworth, P.; Castro-Martínez, E. (2015). What Stimulates Researchers to Make Their Research Usable? Towards an Openness Approach. 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Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists differ in chemical structure, duration of action, and in their effects on clinical outcomes. The cardiovascular effects of once-weekly albiglutide in type 2 diabetes are unknown. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of albiglutide in preventing cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Methods: We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 610 sites across 28 countries. We randomly assigned patients aged 40 years and older with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (at a 1:1 ratio) to groups that either received a subcutaneous injection of albiglutide (30–50 mg, based on glycaemic response and tolerability) or of a matched volume of placebo once a week, in addition to their standard care. Investigators used an interactive voice or web response system to obtain treatment assignment, and patients and all study investigators were masked to their treatment allocation. We hypothesised that albiglutide would be non-inferior to placebo for the primary outcome of the first occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. If non-inferiority was confirmed by an upper limit of the 95% CI for a hazard ratio of less than 1·30, closed testing for superiority was prespecified. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02465515. Findings: Patients were screened between July 1, 2015, and Nov 24, 2016. 10 793 patients were screened and 9463 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to groups: 4731 patients were assigned to receive albiglutide and 4732 patients to receive placebo. On Nov 8, 2017, it was determined that 611 primary endpoints and a median follow-up of at least 1·5 years had accrued, and participants returned for a final visit and discontinuation from study treatment; the last patient visit was on March 12, 2018. These 9463 patients, the intention-to-treat population, were evaluated for a median duration of 1·6 years and were assessed for the primary outcome. The primary composite outcome occurred in 338 (7%) of 4731 patients at an incidence rate of 4·6 events per 100 person-years in the albiglutide group and in 428 (9%) of 4732 patients at an incidence rate of 5·9 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·78, 95% CI 0·68–0·90), which indicated that albiglutide was superior to placebo (p&lt;0·0001 for non-inferiority; p=0·0006 for superiority). The incidence of acute pancreatitis (ten patients in the albiglutide group and seven patients in the placebo group), pancreatic cancer (six patients in the albiglutide group and five patients in the placebo group), medullary thyroid carcinoma (zero patients in both groups), and other serious adverse events did not differ between the two groups. There were three (&lt;1%) deaths in the placebo group that were assessed by investigators, who were masked to study drug assignment, to be treatment-related and two (&lt;1%) deaths in the albiglutide group. Interpretation: In patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, albiglutide was superior to placebo with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events. Evidence-based glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists should therefore be considered as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Funding: GlaxoSmithKline

Lien au territoire selon les générations chez les Anicinapek et les Cris

L’objectif de cette recherche exploratoire est d’aborder la triple occultation (ruralité, autochtonie et jeunesse) vécue par les jeunes autochtones en milieu rural en documentant les manifestations des trois aspects du lien au territoire (émotionnel, cognitif et fonctionnel) selon les générations dans deux communautés autochtones au Québec. L’appartenance au territoire (aspect émotionnel) est présente à tous les âges, mais selon une hiérarchie différente entre forêt, communauté et ville. Toutes les générations fréquentent la forêt, mais à des moments différents et pour y pratiquer des activités différentes. Le chez-soi des jeunes est la communauté, tandis que celui des aînés, la forêt. L’aspect cognitif se reflète par la perception de menace face à la dégradation du territoire, particulièrement chez les aînés. Quelques jeunes ont un faible lien au territoire, probablement parce que cette période de la vie est caractérisée par une quête identitaire. Toutes les générations pratiquent des activités traditionnelles (aspect fonctionnel), mais de façon différente.The objective of this exploratory research is to address the triple occultation (rurality, indigeneity, and youth) experienced by young indigenous people in rural areas, by documenting how the three aspects of the link to the land (emotional, cognitive, and functional) are displayed by different generations in two indigenous communities in Quebec. There is a sense of belonging to the land (emotional aspect) at all ages, although the forest, community and city have different levels of importance. All generations spend time in the forest, but at different times and to practise different activities. The youth identify their community as home, whereas for the elderly it is the forest. The cognitive aspect is reflected in the perception of a threat associated to the degradation of the land, particularly among the elderly people. Some young people are weakly linked to the land, probably because this period of life is characterized by a quest for identity. All the generations practise traditional activities (functional aspect), but in different ways

Économie circulaire: Définition

Circular economy is an economic model based on the fact that the amount of available resources is limited. It therefore aims at systematically reducing their use, as opposed to the currently dominant linear economy based on the following scheme: extracting, manufacturing, consuming and throwing away. Circular economy is inspired by the natural ecosystem functioning. It tends to organize the closing of matter and energy flows...L’économie circulaire est un modèle économique qui repose sur le constat que la quantité de ressources disponibles est limitée. Elle vise donc à réduire de façon systématique leur utilisation, par opposition à l’économie linéaire actuellement dominante et basée sur le schéma suivant : extraire, fabriquer, consommer, jeter. L’économie circulaire s’inspire pour cela du fonctionnement des écosystèmes naturels en organisant le bouclage des flux de matière et d’énergie..

Investigation into the dissimilar friction stir welding of AA7020-T651 and AA6060-T6

International audienceIn this present paper friction stir welding of dissimilar heat treatable aluminium alloys 7020-T651 and 6060-T6 has been studied. An experimental analysis is presented based on results obtained from temperatures and efforts measurements in a range of advance speed from 300 to 1100 mm min(-1) and rotation speed from 1000 to 2000 rev min(-1). Dissimilar welding does not seem to induce a hotter side but efforts are very sensitive to process parameters. The material mixing of dissimilar configurations has been investigated by means of macro and microstructural observations and has revealed the complex mechanisms of material flow into the nugget. The as-welded mechanical behaviour has been characterized using quasi static tensile tests. The cross-weld microhardness has also been studied for various operating parameters. Computed maps correlated the microstructural features helping us establish weak zones. All these characterizations make it possible to determine a large window of industrial parameters capable of welding properly two 5 mm sheets of AA7020-T651 and AA6060-T6 with good mechanical properties. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Autistic adults and adults with intellectual disabilities who set fires: A systematic review

Background: The purpose of this review was to systematically examine and synthesise existing research to determine what is known about autistic adults and adults with intellectual disabilities who set fires. Method: PsychINFO, PsychARTICLES, Medline, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Criminal Justice Abstracts, SCOPUS, Open Grey and the University of Kent arson library were searched for articles. Ancestry searches were conducted. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Results: Searches resulted in 100 articles that met the specific inclusion criteria. Findings indicated that autistic adults and adults with intellectual disabilities share some characteristics with other adults who set fires (e.g., demographic features, aggression, impulsivity, maladaptive coping strategies). They also face additional challenges (e.g., communication difficulties, a lack of support, lower self-esteem). Conclusions: Evidence suggests fire-setting is an issue for a minor ity of autistic adults and adults with intellectual disabilities. However, current research is generally of poor methodological quality, limiting our ability to understand the unique characteristics and treatment needs of this population. Nevertheless, there is tentative evidence that they face additional challenges, which has implications for assessment, formulation and treatment, inclusive of risk assessment

The R1 subunit of herpes simplex virus ribonucleotide reductase has chaperone-like activity similar to Hsp27

NRC publication: Ye