Effect of touch therapy by mothers on weight gaining of preterm newborns

Introduction: The effect of touch on growth of newborns has been achieved by educated staff, but touch therapy by mothers as the most important care provider for their infants, had not been focused in previous studies. The aim of this work was to study effect of touch therapy by mothers on weight gaining of preterm newborns. Materials and Methods: In a randomized controlled trail and double blind study, 60 preterm newborns who discharged from neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to home, randomly allocated to control and touch therapy group (30 newborns in each group). Touch therapy was educated to mother in a direct education, also with offering guide booklet to the mothers. Touch was provided for three 20 minute period per day, until term corrected age. Neonate weight in two groups was measured at the time of discharge and then at the term corrected age by the electronic weighing scale with an accuracy of ± 10 gr. Results: In two groups, mean of age, kind of delivery, level of education, employment and socioeconomic status in mothers, also weight, sex and other neonate characteristics had no statistical differences. At the term corrected age, interventional group showed a weight gain of 10 g/day (30) more than control, which was statistically significant (31 g/day vs 21 g/day) (P=0.04). Conclusion: An important aspect of this study is that all stimulations were provided by mothers which had positive impact for preterm newborns, So, education of touch therapy to mothers can be recommended before discharge of pre-term newborns

Effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma on endometrial expansion in patients undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer: A double-blind RCT

Background: Adequate endometrial growth is principal for implantation and pregnancy. Thin endometrium is associated with lower pregnancy rate in assisted reproductive technology. Some frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles are cancelled due to inadequate endometrial growth. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) intrauterine infusion for the treatment of thin endometrium. Materials and Methods: A total of 72 patients who had a history of cancelled frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle due to the thin endometrium (< 7mm) were assessed for the eligibility to enter the study between 2016 and 2017. Twelve patients were excluded for different reasons, and 60 included patients were randomly assigned to PRP or sham-catheter groups in a double-blind manner. Hormone replacement therapy was administered for endometrial preparation in all participants. PRP intrauterine infusion or sham-catheter was performed on day 11-12 due to the thin endometrium and it was repeated after 48 hr if necessary. Results: Endometrial thickness increased at 48 hr after the first intervention in both groups. All participants needed second intervention due to an inadequate endometrial expansion. After second intervention, endometrial thickness was 7.21 ± 0.18 and 5.76 ± 0.97 mm in the PRP group and sham-catheter group, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups. (p < 0.001). Embryo transfer was done for all patients in PRP group and just in six cases in the sham-catheter group. Chemical pregnancy was reported in twelve cases in the PRP group and two cases in the sham-catheter group. Conclusion: According to this trial, PRP was effective in endometrial expansion in patients with refractory thin endometrium

Evaluation of morphological and yield traits in the populations of Vicia spp.

El estudio se centró en el cálculo de la variación genotípica para las características morfológicas y de rendimiento de forraje de algunos genotipos de alverja para evaluar su potencial de mejora. En 2018-2020 se llevó a cabo un ensayo en pequeñas parcelas en el campo experimental del Instituto de Investigación de Bosques y Pastizales, provincia de Alborz, Irán. Se analizaron cincuenta y ocho (58) genotipos de alverja (Vicia spp.) del banco de genes de recursos naturales de Irán. Hubo una variación genotípica significativa (P<0.01) entre las poblaciones, para todas las características medidas. V. monantha (32845) produjo una planta alta y de vainas grandes, mientras que V. villosa (322) produjo más biomasa que otras variedades. En las estaciones de crecimiento más cortas, la precocidad de V. sativa var. angustifollia (4740,7243), V. sativa var. stenophylla (1862), V. villosa (315, 322) dio lugar a una elevada producción de semillas. También es posible hacer una selección directa de las poblaciones con un alto rendimiento de biomasa basándose en el rendimiento registrado de estas poblaciones durante los experimentos de campo. Un análisis de conglomerados de las poblaciones de arveja analizadas, basado en las características medidas, con una distancia genética de 11.49, creó cinco grupos principales que mostraron la similitud de los miembros de cada grupo. En general, las especies de arveja y sus poblaciones presentaron características de crecimiento, fenología, productividad de forraje y semillas diferentes. La información generada en este estudio proporciona una base para la variedad genética del género Vicia L. y podría ser útil incluirla en los futuros programas de mejoramiento genético.The study was focused on estimation of genotypic variation for the morphological and forage yield traits of some vetch genotypes to assess their breeding potential. A small-plot trial was carried out in 2018-2020 at the experimental field of the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Alborz province, Iran. Fifty eight (58) vetch genotypes of Vicia spp. from the natural resources gene bank of Iran, were tested. There was significant (P<0.01) genotypic variation among populations, for all the traits measured. V.monantha (32845) produced high plant and large pods, while V. villosa (322) produced more biomass than other accessions. In the shorter growing seasons, the earliness of V. sativa var.angustifollia (4740,7243), V. sativa var.stenophylla (1862), V. villosa (315, 322) resulted in high seed yield. The principal component analysis showed that the variations observed were mainly caused by traits such as days to flowering and seed ripening and seed traits, that their contribution was important in discriminating the populations. Direct selection can also be made for the populations with high biomass yield based on the recorded performance of these populations during the field experiments. A cluster analysis of the tested vetch populations based on measured traits, at 11.49 genetic distance, created five main groups that showed the similarity of members of each group. Generally, vetch species and their populations had different growth features, phenology, forage and seed productivity. The generated information in this study gives a base for genetics variety of genus Vicia L. and could be useful for including in the future breeding programs

The Prevalence of Pain and the Role of Analgesic Drugs in Pain Management in Patients with Trauma in Emergency Department

Background: Pain could potentially affect all aspects of patient admission course and outcome in emergency&nbsp;department (ED) when left undertreated. The alleviation of acute pain remains simply affordable but is usually,&nbsp;and sometimes purposefully, left untreated in patients with trauma. This study challenged the conventional&nbsp;emergency department policies in reducing the intensity of acute pain considering the pharmacological treatments.Methods: In this case-control study, the prevalence and intensity of pain in 200 patients were evaluated on&nbsp;admission (T1) and 24 hours later (T2) based on the valid, standardized 10-point numeric rating scale (NRS 0-10) for pain intensity. A group of patients received analgesic drugs and others did not. Changes in pain&nbsp;patterns regarding different aspects of trauma injuries in these two groups were compared.Results: The pain prevalence was high both on admission and 24 hours later. 51.5% of the study population&nbsp;received analgesics and 77.6% of them reported a decrease in the intensity of their pain. Only half of the&nbsp;patients, who did not receive any medication, reported a decrease in their pain intensity after 24 hours. The&nbsp;most beneficial policy to manage the acute pain was a combination therapy of the injury treatment and a&nbsp;supplementary pharmacological intervention.Conclusions: Pharmacological management of pain in patients with trauma is shown to be significantly&nbsp;beneficial for patients as it eases getting along with the pain, and still seems not to affect the diagnostic aspects&nbsp;of the trauma. Pain management protocols or algorithms could potentially minimize the barriers in current pain&nbsp;management of patients with trauma

The effect of Self-care educational program on sexu al function and quality of life in patients with ischemic heart disease

Sexual activity is a multi-dimensional relationship, which affected by many factors such as psychological, individual and social factor. Sexual education in patients with ischemic heart disease can reduce many of the consequences of it. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the effect of Self-care education program on sexual function and quality of life in patients with ischemic heart disease. This semi experimental study was performed on 60 patients with ischemic heart disease, in Holy vali asr hospital in Qom, Iran in 2017. Patients were divided into control and intervention groups by Randomize sampling. Self-care education was provided through CD. Data collection was done through using the “demographic and clinical data questionnaire”, “Seattle Angina questionnaire”, and “Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale”. Questionnaires were completed in both groups, Before and at least one month after education,. Data were analyzed using central indexes, mann-whitney test and Wilcoxon Test. The average age of intervention and control participants were 58.1±5.8 and 57.66±4.5, respectively. Quality of life and sexual function, before and after education, in the intervention group had a significant difference. But the quality of life and sexual function, before and after the education, in control groups were not significantly. The results show that sexual educational programs as film for cardiac patients can improve sexual function and quality of life of these patients. Therefore; it is recommended that nurses must pay attention to education concerning the sexual function and quality of life in patients with Ischemic heart

Assessment of Maternal Satisfaction with the Quality of Obstetric Care Provided in the Maternity Unit of Mobini Hospital, Sabzevar, Iran

Background: Mothers and infants are considered as two vulnerable groups. Most problems occur during and immediately after delivery, which, if not addressed promptly, lead to death of mother, baby, or both. Maternal emotional support and midwifery care is one of non-pharmacologic methods of pain management during labor and delivery. Since the quality of midwifery care has an effective role in mothers' satisfaction with midwife's performance, this study was conducted to assess the quality of mothers' satisfaction with midwifery care. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, 400 mothers admitted to the postpartum ward of Shahid Mobini Brothers Hospital of Sabzevar, Iran, were evaluated by simple convenience sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire entitled "Satisfaction with quality of midwifery care in labor and delivery room", and was confirmed by content validity method and reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.92). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.0. Results: The average age of mothers was 25.88 ± 5.70 years old. The mean maternal satisfaction was 104.72 ± 0.76. In satisfaction category, 1% were dissatisfied, 17.3% had moderate satisfaction, and 81.7% had high level of satisfaction. There was a significant relationship between the variables affecting the level of satisfaction including education, age, and number of maternal deliveries with satisfaction (

Spatio-temporal mapping of breast and prostate cancers in South Iran from 2014 to 2017

Background The most common gender-specific malignancies are cancers of the breast and the prostate. In developing countries, cancer screening of all at risk is impractical because of healthcare resource limitations. Thus, determining high-risk areas might be an important first screening step. This study explores incidence patterns of potential high-risk clusters of breast and prostate cancers in southern Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in the province of Kerman, South Iran. Patient data were aggregated at the county and district levels calculating the incidence rate per 100,000 people both for cancers of the breast and the prostate. We used the natural-break classification with five classes to produce descriptive maps. A spatial clustering analysis (Anselin Local Moran’s I) was used to identify potential clusters and outliers in the pattern of these cancers from 2014 to 2017. Results There were 1350 breast cancer patients (including, 42 male cases) and 478 prostate cancer patients in the province of Kerman, Iran during the study period. After 45 years of age, the number of men with diagnosed prostate cancer increased similarly to that of breast cancer for women after 25 years of age. The age-standardised incidence rate of breast cancer for women showed an increase from 29.93 to 32.27 cases per 100,000 people and that of prostate cancer from 13.93 to 15.47 cases per 100,000 during 2014–2017. Cluster analysis at the county level identified high-high clusters of breast cancer in the north-western part of the province for all years studied, but the analysis at the district level showed high-high clusters for only two of the years. With regard to prostate cancer, cluster analysis at the county and district levels identified high-high clusters in this area of the province for two of the study years. Conclusions North-western Kerman had a significantly higher incidence rate of both breast and prostate cancer than the average, which should help in designing tailored screening and surveillance systems. Furthermore, this study generates new hypotheses regarding the potential relationship between increased incidence of cancers in certain geographical areas and environmental risk factors.This study received funding from Kerman University of Medical Sciences (number = 97000230). The funder provided the cost of geocoding and cleaning the data

Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations

Global burden of chronic respiratory diseases and risk factors, 1990–2019: an update from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: Updated data on chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are vital in their prevention, control, and treatment in the path to achieving the third UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a one-third reduction in premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by 2030. We provided global, regional, and national estimates of the burden of CRDs and their attributable risks from 1990 to 2019. Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we estimated mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), prevalence, and incidence of CRDs, i.e. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumoconiosis, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis, and other CRDs, from 1990 to 2019 by sex, age, region, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) in 204 countries and territories. Deaths and DALYs from CRDs attributable to each risk factor were estimated according to relative risks, risk exposure, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level input. Findings: In 2019, CRDs were the third leading cause of death responsible for 4.0 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 3.6–4.3) with a prevalence of 454.6 million cases (417.4–499.1) globally. While the total deaths and prevalence of CRDs have increased by 28.5% and 39.8%, the age-standardised rates have dropped by 41.7% and 16.9% from 1990 to 2019, respectively. COPD, with 212.3 million (200.4–225.1) prevalent cases, was the primary cause of deaths from CRDs, accounting for 3.3 million (2.9–3.6) deaths. With 262.4 million (224.1–309.5) prevalent cases, asthma had the highest prevalence among CRDs. The age-standardised rates of all burden measures of COPD, asthma, and pneumoconiosis have reduced globally from 1990 to 2019. Nevertheless, the age-standardised rates of incidence and prevalence of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis have increased throughout this period. Low- and low-middle SDI countries had the highest age-standardised death and DALYs rates while the high SDI quintile had the highest prevalence rate of CRDs. The highest deaths and DALYs from CRDs were attributed to smoking globally, followed by air pollution and occupational risks. Non-optimal temperature and high body-mass index were additional risk factors for COPD and asthma, respectively. Interpretation: Albeit the age-standardised prevalence, death, and DALYs rates of CRDs have decreased, they still cause a substantial burden and deaths worldwide. The high death and DALYs rates in low and low-middle SDI countries highlights the urgent need for improved preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic measures. Global strategies for tobacco control, enhancing air quality, reducing occupational hazards, and fostering clean cooking fuels are crucial steps in reducing the burden of CRDs, especially in low- and lower-middle income countries