Using Technology of .Net Web Services in the Area of Automation

This work deals with a technology for data exchange XML Web Services and its application to specific tasks. One of the applications created allows you to monitor and control the real thermal process through a number of client devices, independent of the operating system, the type or their location. The thermal process can be controlled, for example, by another process, a website or a mobile phone. The system is designed from its base and contains three main parts. The hardware part consists from a measuring card, actuators and temperature sensors. The core application is a server that is running the XML Web Service, Windows Service and SQL Server. Client software for mobile phones and web sites was also created

Využití technologie .Net webových služeb v prostředí automatizace

This work deals with a technology for data exchange XML Web Services and its application to specific tasks. One of the applications created allows you to monitor and control the real thermal process through a number of client devices, independent of the operating system, the type or their location. The thermal process can be controlled, for example, by another process, a website or a mobile phone. The system is designed from its base and contains three main parts. The hardware part consists from a measuring card, actuators and temperature sensors. The core application is a server that is running the XML Web Service, Windows Service and SQL Server. Client software for mobile phones and web sites was also created.Tato práce se zabývá technologií pro výměnu dat XML Web Services a jejím uplatnění na konkrétních úlohách. Jedna z vytvořených aplikací umožňuje monitorovat a ovládat reálný tepelný proces pomocí mnoha klientských zařízení nezávislých na použitém operačním systému, druhu nebo např. poloze. Tepelný proces tak může být ovládán např. jiným procesem, webovou stránkou nebo mobilním telefonem. Systém je vytvořen od základu a obsahuje tři hlavní části. Hardwarová část je realizovaná pomocí měřicí karty, akčních členů a teplotních senzorů. Jádrem aplikace je server, na kterém běží XML Web Service, Windows Service a SQL Server. Byl vytvořen také klientský software pro mobilní telefony a webové stránky

ANALYSIS OF SELECTED PROPERTIES OF FABRICS USED IN CYCLING

katedra: KHT; přílohy: CD; rozsah: 47 stranThis bachelor thesis deals with analysis of selected properties of fabrics used in cycling. There were specified materials that are used to produce cycling jerseys. After that the production technologies have been described, manufacturers and sellers were analyzed to identify ways of assessing their quality. In the next section market research was carried out to identify customers satisfaction with those features. In conclusion, the work has been evaluated and suitable selections of fabrics were designed, also convenient methods for assessing the characteristics and the intended data has been validated with measurements.Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá analýzou vybraných vlastností textilií používaných v cyklistice. Byly zde specifikovány materiály, které se v uvedené oblasti používají na výrobu cyklistických dresů. Byly popsány výrobní technologie, provedena analýza výrobců a prodejců a zjištěny jejich způsoby hodnocení kvality. V další části práce byl vykonán marketingový výzkum na zjištění spokojenosti zákazníků s danými vlastnostmi. V závěru práce byly zhodnoceny a vytipovány vhodné textilie a navrhnuty příhodné metody hodnocení určených vlastností a data byla ověřena měřením

Time-Course of Changes in the Myonuclear Domain During Denervation in Young-Adult and Old Rat Gastrocnemius Muscle

If myonuclear loss initiates muscle wasting, it should precede the loss of muscle mass. As aging affects muscle plasticity, the time-course of muscle atrophy during disuse may differ between young and old animals. To investigate this, gastrocnemius muscles of 5- and 25-month-old rats were exposed to 1, 2, or 4 weeks of denervation, whereas the contralateral gastrocnemius muscles served as controls. Muscle fibers of each type responded similarly to 4 weeks of denervation. For both ages most of the atrophy (36%; P < 0.001) occurred in the first 2 weeks. In young-adult muscles, the myonuclear number remained constant, but in old muscles it decreased to below control level after 4 weeks of denervation (P < 0.05). Despite this differential response, myonuclear domain size decreased similarly at both ages (P < 0.001). In both young-adult and old rats, denervation-induced atrophy was not preceded by a loss of myonuclei. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

An improved method for constructing and selectively silanizing double-barreled, neutral liquid-carrier, ion-selective microelectrodes

We describe an improved, efficient and reliable method for the vapour-phase silanization of multi-barreled, ion-selective microelectrodes of which the silanized barrel(s) are to be filled with neutral liquid ion-exchanger (LIX). The technique employs a metal manifold to exclusively and simultaneously deliver dimethyldichlorosilane to only the ion-selective barrels of several multi-barreled microelectrodes. Compared to previously published methods the technique requires fewer procedural steps, less handling of individual microelectrodes, improved reproducibility of silanization of the selected microelectrode barrels and employs standard borosilicate tubing rather than the less-conventional theta-type glass. The electrodes remain stable for up to 3 weeks after the silanization procedure. The efficacy of a double-barreled electrode containing a proton ionophore in the ion-selective barrel is demonstrated in situ in the leaf apoplasm of pea (Pisum) and sunflower (Helianthus). Individual leaves were penetrated to depth of ~150 μm through the abaxial surface. Microelectrode readings remained stable after multiple impalements without the need for a stabilizing PVC matrix

Cell death in denervated skeletal muscle is distinct from classical apoptosis

Denervation of skeletal muscle is followed by the progressive loss of tissue mass and impairment of its functional properties. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of cell death and its mechanism in rat skeletal muscle undergoing post-denervation atrophy. We studied the expression of specific markers of apoptosis and necrosis in experimentally denervated tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles of adult rats. Fluorescent staining of nuclear DNA with propidium iodide revealed the presence of nuclei with hypercondensed chromatin and fragmented nuclei typical of apoptotic cells in the muscle tissue 2, 4 and to a lesser extent 7 months after denervation. This finding was supported by electron microscopy of the denervated muscle. We found clear morphological manifestations of muscle cell death, with ultrastructural characteristics very similar if not identical to those considered as nuclear and cytoplasmic markers of apoptosis. With increasing time of denervation, progressive destabilization of the differentiated phenotype of muscle cells was observed. It included disalignment and spatial disorganization of myofibrils as well as their resorption and formation of myofibril-free zones. These changes initially appeared in subsarcolemmal areas around myonuclei, and by 4 months following nerve transection they were spread throughout the sarcoplasm. Despite an increased number of residual bodies and secondary lysosomes in denervated muscle, we did not find any evidence of involvement of autophagocytosis in the resorption of the contractile system. Dead muscle fibers were usually surrounded by a folded intact basal lamina; they had an intact sarcolemma and highly condensed chromatin and sarcoplasm. Folds of the basal lamina around the dead cells resulted from significant shrinkage of cell volume. Macrophages were occasionally found in close proximity to dead myocytes. We detected no manifestations of inflammation in the denervated tissue. Single myocytes expressing traits of the necrotic phenotype were very rare. A search for another marker of apoptosis, nuclear DNA fragmentation, using terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (the TUNEL method) in situ, revealed the presence of multiple DNA fragments in cell nuclei in only a very small number of cell nuclei in 2 and 4 month denervated muscle and to less extent in 7 month denervated muscle. Virtually no TUNEL reactivity was found in normal muscle. Double labeling of tissue denervated for 2 and 4 months for genome fragmentation with the TUNEL method and for total nuclear DNA with propidium iodide demonstrated co-localization of the TUNEL-positive fragmented DNA in some of the nuclei containing condensed chromatin and in fragmented nuclei. However, the numbers of nuclei of abnormal morphology containing condensed and/or irregular patterns of chromatin distribution, as revealed by DNA staining and electron microscopy, exceeded by 33–38 times the numbers of nuclei positive for the TUNEL reaction. Thus, we found a discrepancy between the frequences of expression of morphological markers of apoptosis and DNA fragmentation in denervated muscle. This provides evidence that fragmentation of the genomic DNA is not an obligatory event during atrophy and death of muscle cells, or, alternatively, it may occur only for a short period of time during this process. Unlike classical apoptosis described in mammalian thymocytes and lymphoid cells, non-inflammatory death of muscle fibers in denervated muscle occurs a long time after the removal of myotrophic influence of the nerve and is preceded by the progressive imbalance of the state of terminal differentiation. Our results indicate that apoptosis appears to be represented by a number of distinct isotypes in animals belonging to different taxonomic groups and in different cell lineages of the same organism. Anat Rec 258:305–318, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/34287/1/10_ftp.pd

Muscle spindle formation and differentiation in regenerating rat muscle grafts

Muscle spindle development and function are dependent upon sensory innervation. During muscle regeneration, both neural and muscular components of spindles degenerate and it is not known whether reinnervation of a regenerating muscle results in reestablishment of proper neuromuscular relationships within spindles or whether sensory neurons may exert an influence upon differentiation of these spindles. Muscle spindle regeneration was studied in bupivacaine-treated grafts of rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. Three types of EDL graft were performed in order to manipulate the extent to which regenerating spindles might be reinnervated: (1) grafts reinnervated following severance of their nerve supply (standard grafts); (2) grafts in which intact nerve sheaths appear to facilitate reinnervation (nerveintact grafts); and (3) grafts in which reinnervation was prevented (nonreinnervated grafts). Complete degeneration of muscle fibers occurred in all grafts prior to regeneration. Initial formation of spindles in regenerating EDL grafts is independent of innervation; intrafusal muscle fibers degenerate and regenerate within spindle capsules that remain intact and viable. The extent of spindle differentiation was evaluated in each type of graft using criteria that included nucleation and ATPase activity, both of which have been shown to be regulated by sensory innervation, as well as the number of muscle fibers/spindle and morphology of spindle capsules.While most spindles contained normal numbers of muscle fibers, most of these fibers were morphologically and histochemically abnormal. Alterations of ATPase activity occurred in all spindles, but were least severe in nerve-intact grafts. While fully differentiated nuclear bag and chain fibers were not observed in regenerated spindles, large, vesicular nuclei, similar to those of normal intrafusal fibers, were present in a small number of spindles in nerve-intact grafts. Sensory nerve terminations were observed only in those spindles that also contained the distinctive nuclei. This study suggests that a specific neurotrophic influence is necessary for regeneration of normal intrafusal muscle fibers and that this influence corresponds to the properly timed sensory neuron-muscle interaction which directs muscle spindle embryogenesis. However, the infrequent occurrence of characteristics unique to intrafusal muscle fibers indicates that reinnervation of regenerating muscle grafts by sensory neurons is inadequate and/or faulty.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/23782/1/0000020.pd

The role of the peripheral and central nervous systems in rotator cuff disease

Rotator cuff (RC) disease is an extremely common condition associated with shoulder pain, reduced functional capacities and impaired quality of life. It primarily involves alterations in tendon health and mechanical properties that can ultimately lead to tendon failure. RC tendon tears induce progressive muscular changes that negatively impact surgical reparability of the RC tendons and clinical outcomes. At the same time, a significant base of clinical data suggests a relatively weak relationship between RC integrity and clinical presentation, emphasizing the multifactorial aspects of RC disease. This review aims to summarize the potential contribution of peripheral, spinal and supraspinal neural factors that may: (i) exacerbate structural and functional muscle changes induced by tendon tear, (ii) compromise the reversal of these changes during surgery and rehabilitation, (iii) contribute to pain generation and persistence of pain, iv) impair shoulder function through reduced proprioception, kinematics and muscle recruitment, and iv) help to explain interindividual differences and response to treatment. Given the current clinical and scientific interest in peripheral nerve injury in the context of RC disease and surgery, we carefully reviewed this body of literature with a particular emphasis for suprascapular neuropathy that has generated a large number of studies in the past decade. Within this process, we highlight the gaps in current knowledge and suggest research avenues for scientists and clinicians