The consistency of EU foreign policies towards new member states

This paper analyses the relation between transfers, migration and income levels. While European countries have been very generous by opening their frontiers to trade, investing in transition countries, and accepting as EU new members some of the latter, their migration policies were less liberal. The policy coherence debate is an old theme in the international economics literature, which is revisited here by looking at the relationships between aid and migration policies towards new member states. Are they substitutes or complements? What happens if eastern European labour markets conditions improve? In theory, potential migrants will stay home, and the concern of being invaded by skilled/unskilled workers searching for better conditions and higher wages in the old member states can be alleviated. But in practice, at low level or revenue in the origin countries, economic progress can result in lowering a budgetary constraint (potential migrants cannot afford the cost of moving), leading to more migration pressures. We therefore compute the critical level of GDP, above which an increase in European transfers and improvement in economic situation of the recipient country will not lead to an increase in migration pressures by decreasing the cost of moving. It amounts to 2837 $US for within European migration. We argue that this critical level is not the same for a skilled and for an unskilled individual. In other words, the critical revenue, under which a skilled individual with better opportunities abroad decides to migrate, will be higher than the critical revenue for an unskilled worker, who may be better off by staying home and looking for a job at home: US$15085 for the former, and US$ 4384 for the latter. This has an important implication, namely that in some cases, increasing financial transfers will result in increasing the gap between skilled and unskilled departures from countries suffering already from a brain drain phenomena.Aid, Migration, Foreign policy coherence, The consistency of EU foreign policies towards new member states, Economic Papers

El influjo de Hofstadter sobre una versión novedosa del compatibilismo

One of the main ideas of Hofstadter's best-seller Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid is his conception of strange braid. This article is about the use that Michael Morden makes of this idea, arguing in favour of compatibilism (the doctrine that free will is compatible with determinism) against some criticism put forward by Libertarism. With Ihe idea of self-reference as a guide, free will is seen as the symbols in the mind. In this process, when we are trying to understand the determination of our will, a strange braid emerges

Persistence and Academic and Social Integration of Hearing-Impaired Students in Postsecondary Education: A Review of Research

The research described here falls into two categories. The first category focuses on outcome, the secondary category focuses on process. The overview includes 27 studies, 14 in the first category and 13 In the second category. Mainstreamed students seem to be more prepared for postsecondary education. Some studies do not rank communication skills when entering the college as among the most important for college performance and the decision to withdraw, and some do. A few studies indicate no correlation between academic performance and the decision to stay or withdraw. Many of the studies support the idea that this interaction is of great importance for the outcome. Regarding social interaction we can conclude that it is an important mechanism in work However, it is extremely difficult to state that this or that factor is more important than others and the most important conclusion which could be drawn from the studies is to stress the importance of taking a holistic view of the issue

Public relations of a small business trade association.

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University N.B.: BU Libraries believe that the page numbers are mislabeled, and page 51 is not missing from this thesis

Research on Deafness and Higher Education Discussion Based on an Overview of Research

The research conducted mainly by researchers at NTID has contributed in an important and valuable way to our understanding of the problems involved in this issue. However, about 90 percent of hearing-impaired students are attending institutions outside Gallaudet or NTID, what is needed is knowledge about the conditions for the deaf and hard-of-hearing students in mainstreamed colleges and universities. From what is known about the changes regarding labor market, demography, and educational system the lack of knowledge about deaf and hard-of-hearing students in this setting seems serious. The research task should be to find the social mechanisms that underlie the educational process in terms of integration and attrition. The mechanisms in motion could be found if we focus on the Deaf World and the Hearing World and the Educational Community