Sabor a resistência: experiências alternativas ao sistema agroalimentar globalizado em Andaluzia, Espanha

A agricultura e a alimentação experimentaram profundas mudanças nos últimos anos, voltada para a produção agrária intensa destinada ao abastecimento da população. Nos últimos anos, uma preocupação crescente pelas consequências associadas ao consumo desenfreado e, em concreto, à alimentação, cada dia mais industrializada e artificial. Em Andaluzia, Espanha, movimentos agroecológicos desenvolvem iniciativas que através de diversas formas de organização e compromisso, tratam de construir sistemas agroalimentares locais, alternativos e sustentáveis. Nesse sentido, buscou-se conhecer e sistematizar as experiências que priorizam a produção e consumo alternativos e conscientes na cidade de Córdoba, Espanha no período de setembro/2013 a agosto/2014. Entrar em contato com tais experiências nos demonstrou que as outras formas de produzir, consumir e comercializar são possíveis e viáveis, e estão ganhando espaço no cenário agroalimentar.Eje: B3 Economía y agroecología (Relatos de experiencias)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Sabor a resistência: experiências alternativas ao sistema agroalimentar globalizado em Andaluzia, Espanha

A agricultura e a alimentação experimentaram profundas mudanças nos últimos anos, voltada para a produção agrária intensa destinada ao abastecimento da população. Nos últimos anos, uma preocupação crescente pelas consequências associadas ao consumo desenfreado e, em concreto, à alimentação, cada dia mais industrializada e artificial. Em Andaluzia, Espanha, movimentos agroecológicos desenvolvem iniciativas que através de diversas formas de organização e compromisso, tratam de construir sistemas agroalimentares locais, alternativos e sustentáveis. Nesse sentido, buscou-se conhecer e sistematizar as experiências que priorizam a produção e consumo alternativos e conscientes na cidade de Córdoba, Espanha no período de setembro/2013 a agosto/2014. Entrar em contato com tais experiências nos demonstrou que as outras formas de produzir, consumir e comercializar são possíveis e viáveis, e estão ganhando espaço no cenário agroalimentar.Eje: B3 Economía y agroecología (Relatos de experiencias)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Sabor a resistência: experiências alternativas ao sistema agroalimentar globalizado em Andaluzia, Espanha

A agricultura e a alimentação experimentaram profundas mudanças nos últimos anos, voltada para a produção agrária intensa destinada ao abastecimento da população. Nos últimos anos, uma preocupação crescente pelas consequências associadas ao consumo desenfreado e, em concreto, à alimentação, cada dia mais industrializada e artificial. Em Andaluzia, Espanha, movimentos agroecológicos desenvolvem iniciativas que através de diversas formas de organização e compromisso, tratam de construir sistemas agroalimentares locais, alternativos e sustentáveis. Nesse sentido, buscou-se conhecer e sistematizar as experiências que priorizam a produção e consumo alternativos e conscientes na cidade de Córdoba, Espanha no período de setembro/2013 a agosto/2014. Entrar em contato com tais experiências nos demonstrou que as outras formas de produzir, consumir e comercializar são possíveis e viáveis, e estão ganhando espaço no cenário agroalimentar.Eje: B3 Economía y agroecología (Relatos de experiencias)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Augmentation index assessed by applanation tonometry is elevated in Marfan Syndrome

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To examine whether augmentation index (AIx) is increased in Marfan syndrome (MFS) and associated with increased aortic root size, and whether a peripheral-to-central generalised transfer function (GTF) can be applied usefully in MFS.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>10 MFS patients and 10 healthy controls (matched for sex, age and height) were studied before and after 400 μg sub-lingual GTN. Arterial waveforms were recorded using applanation tonometry. AIx and pulse pressure (PP) were determined for the radial and carotid arteries. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured between carotid and femoral arteries. GTFs were generated to examine the relationship between radial and carotid waveforms.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>AIx was greater in MFS compared to controls at radial (mean -31.4 (SD 14.3)% v -50.2(15.6)%, p = 0.003) and carotid (-7.6(11.2)% v -23.7(12.7)%, p = 0.004) sites. Baseline PP at all measurement sites, and PWV, did not differ between subject groups. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that PWV and carotid AIx were positively correlated with aortic root size (p < 0.001 and p = 0.012 respectively), independent of the presence of MFS. PP was not associated with aortic root size. GTN caused similar decreases in AIx in both controls and patients. Significant differences were found in GTFs between MFS and control subjects, which changed following GTN administration. However, when an independent GTF was used to derive carotid waves from radial waves, no differences were found in the degree of error between MFS and controls.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>AIx is sensitive to the vascular abnormalities present in MFS, and may have a role as an adjunct to measurement of central PP and PWV. Differences between MFS and controls in the nature of the peripheral-to-central GTF are present, although have little effect on the pulse contour.</p

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10&nbsp;years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37&nbsp;years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

Guideline for Care of Patients with the Diagnoses of Craniosynostosis: Working Group on Craniosynostosis

This guideline for care of children with craniosynostosis was developed by a national working group with representatives of 11 matrix societies of specialties and the national patients' society. All medical aspects of care for nonsyndromic and syndromic craniosynostosis are included, as well as the social and psychologic impact for the patient and their parents. Managerial aspects are incorporated as well, such as organizing a timely referral to the craniofacial center, requirements for a dedicated craniofacial center, and centralization of this specialized care. The conclusions and recommendations within this document are founded on the available literature, with a grading of the level of evidence, thereby highlighting the areas of care that are in need of high-quality research. The development of this guideline was made possible by an educational grant of the Dutch Order of Medical Specialists. The development of this guideline was supported by an educational grant of the Dutch Order of Medical Specialists

Metopic synostosis

Premature closure of the metopic suture results in a growth restriction of the frontal bones, which leads to a skull malformation known as trigonocephaly. Over the course of recent decades, its incidence has been rising, currently making it the second most common type of craniosynostosis. Treatment consists of a cranioplasty, usually preformed before the age of 1 year. Metopic synostosis is linked with an increased level of neurodevelopmental delays. Theories on the etiology of these delays range from a reduced volume of the anterior cranial fossa to intrinsic malformations of the brain. This paper aims to provide an overview of this entity by giving an update on the epidemiology, etiology, evolution of treatment, follow-up, and neurodevelopment of metopic synostosis

Transport and developing countries

David Hilling.xvi, 345 p. : ill., maps ; 23 cm