59 research outputs found
The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment: Exploring Fundamental Symmetries of the Universe
The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the
dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for
life and whether protons eventually decay --- these mysteries at the forefront
of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early
evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The
Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed
plan for a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions. LBNE
is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, high-intensity
neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi
National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a near neutrino detector just downstream
of the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed
as a far detector deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research
Facility. This facility, located at the site of the former Homestake Mine in
Lead, South Dakota, is approximately 1,300 km from the neutrino source at
Fermilab -- a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino
charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet
cost-effective design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can
accommodate a variety of upgrades and contributions. With its exceptional
combination of experimental configuration, technical capabilities, and
potential for transformative discoveries, LBNE promises to be a vital facility
for the field of particle physics worldwide, providing physicists from around
the globe with opportunities to collaborate in a twenty to thirty year program
of exciting science. In this document we provide a comprehensive overview of
LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics
worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will
possess.Comment: Major update of previous version. This is the reference document for
LBNE science program and current status. Chapters 1, 3, and 9 provide a
comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the
landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate
and the capabilities it will possess. 288 pages, 116 figure
Microbiological oceanography in the region west of the Antarctic Peninsula: Microbial dynamics, nitrogen cycle and carbon flux
Microorganisms are ubiquitous in Southern Ocean habitats and playa vital role in production and ttans-fcnnation of organic matter. Compared to other coastal and oceanic habitats, however, microbial processes in antarctic marine habitats are poorly understood. One major reason is the spatially and temporally variable nature of the habitat and the general inaccessibility of selected habitats (e.g., multi-year pack ice in austral winter). Despite these limitations, the region west of the Antarctic Peninsula is beginning to provide an op-portunity for yeaHound field investigations. Progress to date has focused on the role of microorganisms in the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and associated elements, the regulation of bacterial populations and the relationships between primary production and particulate matter export from the euphotic zone. 1be emergent patterns of carbon and energy flow and of microbial population inter-actions comprise a prospectus and a challenge for future studies in this region. 1
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