Bibliotheken als Partner der Forschung: Bericht zum Workshop "Was ist Forschung?" am 13. und 14. November 2019 an der ULB Darmstadt

Die Kommission für forschungsnahe Dienste des VDB ging im November 2019 in einem Workshop in der Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt zusammen mit Fachwissenschaftlern und Bibliothekaren der Frage nach, wie sich Forschungsprozesse in einzelnen Disziplinen konkret gestalten, und wie Bibliotheken diese mit dezidierten Angeboten unterstützen können: Wie sieht der konkrete Arbeitsalltag von Biologen, Materialwissenschaftlern oder Politikwissenschaftlern aus? Wie geschieht der Umgang mit digitalen Daten in den einzelnen Disziplinen? Wo liegen Gemeinsamkeiten, wo Unterschiede? Welche generischen Angebote können Bibliotheken hier machen? Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Ergebnisse des Workshops aus den zahlreichen Vorträgen und Diskussionen der Teilnehmenden.In November 2019, during a workshop at Darmstadt University and State Library, the Commission for Research-Related Services of VDB, together with specialist scientists and librarians discussed the question of how research processes in individual disciplines are organised specifically: What does the everyday work of biologists, materials scientists or political scientists look like? How is digital data handled in the individual disciplines? What are the similarities and what are the differences? What generic offers might libraries make here to support science? This article describes the results of the workshop from the various talks and discussions of the participants

Forschungsunterstützung an Bibliotheken: Positionspapier der Kommission für forschungsnahe Dienste des VDB

Forschungsnahe Dienste bezeichnen eine Reihe von Bibliotheksservices, die Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler im gesamten Forschungszyklus unterstützen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag stellt die 2018 ins Leben gerufene Kommission für forschungsnahe Dienste des VDB den aktuellen Stand in diesem Bereich dar und geht auf Voraussetzungen und Rahmenbedingungen für die Entwicklung eines entsprechenden Serviceportfolios ein. Dabei sieht die Kommission ein Umdenken hinsichtlich des Selbstverständnisses und des Dienstleistungsangebots von Bibliotheken als unumgänglich an. Erforderlich sind eine systematische Entwicklung von Serviceportfolios, eine verstärkte Bereitschaft zu projektbezogenem Arbeiten, eine strukturierte Organisations- und Personalentwicklung sowie eine umsichtige Abstimmung mit anderen Anbietern von forschungsunterstützenden Dienstleistungen, um ein für die Nutzenden in sich stimmiges und nachhaltiges Serviceangebot im Bereich forschungsnaher Dienste zu schaffen.Research-related services refer to a range of library services that support researchers throughout the whole research cycle. In this article, the commission for research-related services of the VDB, which was established in 2018, presents the current status in this domain and addresses the prerequisites and framework conditions for the development of a corresponding service portfolio. In this context, the commission sees a change of mindset of the self-image and the range of services offered by libraries as inevitable. A systematic development of service portfolios, an increased willingness to do project-related work, a structured organisational and personnel development, as well as a prudent coordination with other providers of research-related services are necessary in order to create coherent and sustainable services in this area for the users

Neonatal Colonisation Expands a Specific Intestinal Antigen-Presenting Cell Subset Prior to CD4 T-Cell Expansion, without Altering T-Cell Repertoire

Interactions between the early-life colonising intestinal microbiota and the developing immune system are critical in determining the nature of immune responses in later life. Studies in neonatal animals in which this interaction can be examined are central to understanding the mechanisms by which the microbiota impacts on immune development and to developing therapies based on manipulation of the microbiome. The inbred piglet model represents a system that is comparable to human neonates and allows for control of the impact of maternal factors. Here we show that colonisation with a defined microbiota produces expansion of mucosal plasma cells and of T-lymphocytes without altering the repertoire of alpha beta T-cells in the intestine. Importantly, this is preceded by microbially-induced expansion of a signal regulatory protein α-positive (SIRPα+) antigen-presenting cell subset, whilst SIRPα−CD11R1+ antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are unaffected by colonisation. The central role of intestinal APCs in the induction and maintenance of mucosal immunity implicates SIRPα+ antigen-presenting cells as orchestrators of early-life mucosal immune development

Genome-wide association meta-analyses and fine-mapping elucidate pathways influencing albuminuria

Abstract: Increased levels of the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) are associated with higher risk of kidney disease progression and cardiovascular events, but underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we conduct trans-ethnic (n = 564,257) and European-ancestry specific meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies of UACR, including ancestry- and diabetes-specific analyses, and identify 68 UACR-associated loci. Genetic correlation analyses and risk score associations in an independent electronic medical records database (n = 192,868) reveal connections with proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, gout, and hypertension. Fine-mapping and trans-Omics analyses with gene expression in 47 tissues and plasma protein levels implicate genes potentially operating through differential expression in kidney (including TGFB1, MUC1, PRKCI, and OAF), and allow coupling of UACR associations to altered plasma OAF concentrations. Knockdown of OAF and PRKCI orthologs in Drosophila nephrocytes reduces albumin endocytosis. Silencing fly PRKCI further impairs slit diaphragm formation. These results generate a priority list of genes and pathways for translational research to reduce albuminuria

Genomic analyses identify hundreds of variants associated with age at menarche and support a role for puberty timing in cancer risk

The timing of puberty is a highly polygenic childhood trait that is epidemiologically associated with various adult diseases. Using 1000 Genomes Project-imputed genotype data in up to similar to 370,000 women, we identify 389 independent signals (P <5 x 10(-8)) for age at menarche, a milestone in female pubertal development. In Icelandic data, these signals explain similar to 7.4% of the population variance in age at menarche, corresponding to similar to 25% of the estimated heritability. We implicate similar to 250 genes via coding variation or associated expression, demonstrating significant enrichment in neural tissues. Rare variants near the imprinted genes MKRN3 and DLK1 were identified, exhibiting large effects when paternally inherited. Mendelian randomization analyses suggest causal inverse associations, independent of body mass index (BMI), between puberty timing and risks for breast and endometrial cancers in women and prostate cancer in men. In aggregate, our findings highlight the complexity of the genetic regulation of puberty timing and support causal links with cancer susceptibility

Assessing and facilitating warehouse safety

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how warehouse safety can be assessed and facilitated. Methodology – Through a literature study, we build a theoretical framework to provide insights in how safety in Logistics Service Providers (LSPs) can be assessed and facilitated. We perform a case study at a large Dutch LSP using interviews and questionnaires to determine the relevance of the sub-dimensions to assess warehouse safety. Findings – Using literature, we identify people, procedures and technology related sub-dimensions of safety culture and safety behavior and factors that may affect how safety culture translates to safety behavior. Using a case study our findings indicate which sub-dimensions and influencing factors LSP employees find important and why. We found differences in the importance assigned to safety, which may point to the existence of sub-cultures across warehouses. Research limitations/implications – This paper contributes to the limited existing warehouse safety literature in which the factors that influence safety are not well explored. Although the case study investigates one LSP and as such does not generalize across LSPs, it provides valuable insights in important aspects of safety and how they can be influenced. Practical implications – This paper offers safety managers insights in how to assess and facilitate safety within their warehouses. Originality – Although warehouse safety is important, there is scarce academic research that explores this issue

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe