Use of infectious disease surveillance reports to monitor the Zika virus epidemic in Latin America and the Caribbean from 2015 to 2017: strengths and deficiencies

Objectives To summarise the occurrence of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) in Latin America and the Caribbean from 2015 to 2017 using two outcome measures derived from infectious disease surveillance reports and to assess the completeness of these reports.Design Surveillance study.Setting Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO epidemiology reports on confirmed and suspected Zika virus infection and cases of CZS.Participants Populations of 47 countries in the South and Central Americas, Mexico and the Caribbean.Primary and secondary outcome measures The number of CZS cases per 1000 births (using 2016–2017 births as a denominator) and the number of CZS cases per 1000 births in women with Zika virus infection during pregnancy.Results By 4 January 2018, 548623 suspected and 239063 confirmed Zika virus infections had been reported to PAHO/WHO from 47 countries. In 25 countries, over 80% of infections were reported as suspected. There were 3617 confirmed CZS cases in 25 countries; 2952 (82%) had occurred in Brazil. The number of CZS cases per 1000 births varied considerably with Brazil and several Caribbean island communities (Puerto Rico, St Martin, Martinique, Guadeloupe and Grenada) having the highest CZS prevalence above 0.5 per 1000 births. Analysing the number of CZS cases per 1000 births in women infected with Zika virus during their pregnancy highlighted the inaccuracies of the data, with Venezuela likely to have had severe under-reporting of CZS.Conclusions Expressing data on CZS in relation to total births, rather than as absolute numbers, better illustrates the burden of disease, providing that under-reporting of CZS is not too severe. Data on infections in pregnant women enable potential under-reporting of CZS to be identified. Both measures are recommended for future PAHO/WHO publications. Evidence of severe under-reporting of Zika virus infections and CZS makes interpretation of the data and comparisons between countries challenging

EFICIENCIA DE LAS BACTERIAS EFICIENTES EN EL CONTENIDO DE NUTRIENTES Y TIEMPO DE PRODUCCIÓN DEL ABONO ORGÁNICO A PARTIR DE RESTOS DE HOJAS DE CACAO, (Theobroma cacao L.) EN EL CASERÍO ANTONIO RAYMONDI, DISTRITO DE DANIEL ALOMÍA ROBLES, PROVINCIA DE LEONCIO PRADO - HUÁNUCO 2021

Este trabajo de investigación alude sobre las bacterias eficientes en el tema de nutrientes y tiempo de generación de Los nutrientes orgánicos mediante los residuos que se generan de las hojas de cacao, (Theobroma cacao L.) que tiene por objetivo determinar la eficiencia de las bacterias eficientes y el contenido de nutrientes y tiempo en la producción del abono orgánico a partir de restos de hojas de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). se Presentan los resultados de un plan en relación con la meta para medir la eficiencia de las bacterias que son eficientes con el contenido de nutrientes y tiempo en la generación del abono orgánico generado a partir de los residuos de hojas de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), como una de las opciónes de solución viable del punto de vista tanto económico, social, técnico y asi mismo como ambiental; así mismo para calcular el impacto que tiene en los esquemas físico químicos, y el contenido de nutrientes, en la adquisición del abono orgánico. Se uso la metodología y el diseño fue ANOVA, íntegramente al azar, los residuos procedentes de cacao que se usaron fueron un aproximado de 1500 kilos. En la investigación se realizaron tres muestras; en las mismas proporciones que incluyeron 1 muestra como testigo como se describe en el esquema que se presentó en el trabajo de investigación. Aplicada la prueba estadística de ANOVA en relación a la producción del abono orgánico aplicado a las bacterias eficientes se obtienen como resultado una significancia de p= 0,048. Llegando a la conclusión que, las bacterias eficientes serán eficientes en la producción de nutrientes y tiempo de generación del abono orgánico con restos de hojas de cacao utilizando bacterias eficientes.Tesi

Creating stable futures: human trafficking, participation and outcomes for children

Final report of a 12-month participatory research study into understanding how to ensure protection, support and positive outcomes for children and young people who have arrived in the UK and have experienced modern slavery or human trafficking. This study was conducted by a partnership formed by the Helena Kennedy Centre for International Justice at Sheffield Hallam University, the University of Bedfordshire and ECPAT UK (Every Child Protected Against Trafficking)

Clinical and functional characterisation of the combined respiratory chain defect in two sisters due to autosomal recessive mutations in MTFMT.

Exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous mutations in the recently discovered mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase (MTFMT) gene in two sisters with mild Leigh syndrome and combined respiratory chain deficiency. The mutations lead to undetectable levels of the MTFMT protein. Blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed decreased complexes I and IV, and additional products stained with complex V antibodies, however the overall steady state level of mt-tRNA(Met) was normal. Our data illustrate that exome sequencing is an excellent diagnostic tool, and its value in clinical medicine is enormous, however it can only be optimally exploited if combined with detailed phenotyping and functional studies

SG-SST del Laboratorio Clínico de la E.S.E Hospital San Antonio de Soata

La entidad de salud E.S.E Hospital San Antonio de Soata, en el sector del laboratorio no cuenta con un SG SST, por lo cual para el cuidado de los trabajadores que en este opera y en pro de cumplir la normatividad vigente (Decreto 1072 del 2015). Buscando en primera medida eliminar, prevenir o mitigar la generación de accidentes, incidentes también enfermedades laborales, para los colaboradores que trabajan en la entidad de salud y los pacientes que asisten a esta. Además de evitar sanciones o multas al no cumplir con la normatividad vigente en Colombia. Se busca identificar las condiciones actúeles del laboratorio clínico en cuanto a la seguridad, la salud en nuestro trabajo, dando pautas con la finalidad de implementar medidas de control que permitan tener condiciones y métodos de trabajo seguro para los trabajadores de la entidad, buscando que estos cuenten con una calidad de vida adecuada al contar con una buena armonía en salud mental como física. Por medio del SG SST se espera tener una completa cobertura en seguridad para los trabajadores del laboratorio clínico, la cual cuente con los mejores estándares disponibles aplicados durante la realización de las actividades, sin detener o perjudicar su funcionamiento normal.The health entity E.S.E Hospital San Antonio Soata, in the laboratory sector does not have a SG SST for which for the care of the workers that operates in it and in order to comply with current regulations (Decree 1072 of 2015). Seeking in the first place to eliminate, prevent or mitigate the occurrence of accidents or occupational diseases in the personnel who work in the health entity and the patients who attend it. In addition to avoiding sanctions or fines for not complying with current regulations in Colombia. It seks, the identify on current condition of the clinical laboratory in terms of safety, and health the work, thus giving guidelines for the implementation the control measures that allow safe working conditions and methods for the entity's workers, seeking that these have an adequate quality of life by having a good harmony in mental and physical health. Through the SG SST, it is expected to have complete safety coverage for clinical laboratory workers, which has the best available standards applied during the performance of activities, without stopping or impairing their normal operation

Behr's Syndrome is Typically Associated with Disturbed Mitochondrial Translation and Mutations in the C12orf65 Gene.

BACKGROUND: Behr's syndrome is a classical phenotypic description of childhood-onset optic atrophy combined with various neurological symptoms, including ophthalmoparesis, nystagmus, spastic paraparesis, ataxia, peripheral neuropathy and learning difficulties. OBJECTIVE: Here we describe 4 patients with the classical Behr's syndrome phenotype from 3 unrelated families who carry homozygous nonsense mutations in the C12orf65 gene encoding a protein involved in mitochondrial translation. METHODS: Whole exome sequencing was performed in genomic DNA and oxygen consumption was measured in patient cell lines. RESULTS: We detected 2 different homozygous C12orf65 nonsense mutations in 4 patients with a homogeneous clinical presentation matching the historical description of Behr's syndrome. The first symptom in all patients was childhood-onset optic atrophy, followed by spastic paraparesis, distal weakness, motor neuropathy and ophthalmoparesis. CONCLUSIONS: We think that C12orf65 mutations are more frequent than previously suggested and screening of this gene should be considered not only in patients with mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiencies, but also in inherited peripheral neuropathies, spastic paraplegias and ataxias, especially with pre-existing optic atrophy

Sperm DNA fragmentation, recurrent implantation failure and recurrent miscarriage

Evidence is increasing that the integrity of sperm DNA may also be related to implantation failure and recurrent miscarriage (RM). To investigate this, the sperm DNA fragmentation in partners of 35 women with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) following in vitro fertilization, 16 women diagnosed with RM and seven recent fathers (control) were examined. Sperm were examined pre- and post-density centrifugation by the sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. There were no significant differences in the age of either partner or sperm concentration, motility or morphology between three groups. Moreover, there were no obvious differences in sperm DNA fragmentation measured by either test. However, whilst on average sperm DNA fragmentation in all groups was statistically lower in prepared sperm when measured by the SCD test, this was not seen with the results from the TUNEL assay. These results do not support the hypothesis that sperm DNA fragmentation is an important cause of RIF or RM, or that sperm DNA integrity testing has value in such patients. It also highlights significant differences between test methodologies and sperm preparation methods in interpreting the data from sperm DNA fragmentation tests

Early response evaluation by single cell signaling profiling in acute myeloid leukemia

Aberrant pro-survival signaling is a hallmark of cancer cells, but the response to chemotherapy is poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the initial signaling response to standard induction chemotherapy in a cohort of 32 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, using 36-dimensional mass cytometry. Through supervised and unsupervised machine learning approaches, we find that reduction of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation in the myeloid cell compartment 24 h post-chemotherapy is a significant predictor of patient 5-year overall survival in this cohort. Validation by RNA sequencing shows induction of MAPK target gene expression in patients with high phosphoERK1/2 24 h post-chemotherapy, while proteomics confirm an increase of the p38 prime target MAPK activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2). In this study, we demonstrate that mass cytometry can be a valuable tool for early response evaluation in AML and elucidate the potential of functional signaling analyses in precision oncology diagnostics.Peer reviewe

Metabolic shift underlies recovery in reversible infantile respiratory chain deficiency.

Reversible infantile respiratory chain deficiency (RIRCD) is a rare mitochondrial myopathy leading to severe metabolic disturbances in infants, which recover spontaneously after 6-months of age. RIRCD is associated with the homoplasmic m.14674T>C mitochondrial DNA mutation; however, only ~ 1/100 carriers develop the disease. We studied 27 affected and 15 unaffected individuals from 19 families and found additional heterozygous mutations in nuclear genes interacting with mt-tRNAGlu including EARS2 and TRMU in the majority of affected individuals, but not in healthy carriers of m.14674T>C, supporting a digenic inheritance. Our transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of patient muscle suggests a stepwise mechanism where first, the integrated stress response associated with increased FGF21 and GDF15 expression enhances the metabolism modulated by serine biosynthesis, one carbon metabolism, TCA lipid oxidation and amino acid availability, while in the second step mTOR activation leads to increased mitochondrial biogenesis. Our data suggest that the spontaneous recovery in infants with digenic mutations may be modulated by the above described changes. Similar mechanisms may explain the variable penetrance and tissue specificity of other mtDNA mutations and highlight the potential role of amino acids in improving mitochondrial disease