18 research outputs found
Oncoplastic Breast Consortium consensus conference on nipple-sparing mastectomy
Purpose Indications for nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) have broadened to include the risk reducing setting and locally
advanced tumors, which resulted in a dramatic increase in the use of NSM. The Oncoplastic Breast Consortium consensus
conference on NSM and immediate reconstruction was held to address a variety of questions in clinical practice and research
based on published evidence and expert panel opinion.
Methods The panel consisted of 44 breast surgeons from 14 countries across four continents with a background in gynecology, general or reconstructive surgery and a practice dedicated to breast cancer, as well as a patient advocate. Panelists
presented evidence summaries relating to each topic for debate during the in-person consensus conference. The iterative
process in question development, voting, and wording of the recommendations followed the modified Delphi methodology.
Results Consensus recommendations were reached in 35, majority recommendations in 24, and no recommendations in the
remaining 12 questions. The panel acknowledged the need for standardization of various aspects of NSM and immediate
reconstruction. It endorsed several oncological contraindications to the preservation of the skin and nipple. Furthermore, it
recommended inclusion of patients in prospective registries and routine assessment of patient-reported outcomes. Considerable heterogeneity in breast reconstruction practice became obvious during the conference.
Conclusions In case of conflicting or missing evidence to guide treatment, the consensus conference revealed substantial
disagreement in expert panel opinion, which, among others, supports the need for a randomized trial to evaluate the safest
and most efficacious reconstruction techniques
Oncoplastic Breast Consortium consensus conference on nipple-sparing mastectomy.
Purpose
Indications for nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) have broadened to include the risk reducing setting and locally advanced tumors, which resulted in a dramatic increase in the use of NSM. The Oncoplastic Breast Consortium consensus conference on NSM and immediate reconstruction was held to address a variety of questions in clinical practice and research based on published evidence and expert panel opinion.
Methods
The panel consisted of 44 breast surgeons from 14 countries across four continents with a background in gynecology, general or reconstructive surgery and a practice dedicated to breast cancer, as well as a patient advocate. Panelists presented evidence summaries relating to each topic for debate during the in-person consensus conference. The iterative
process in question development, voting, and wording of the recommendations followed the modified Delphi methodology.
Results
Consensus recommendations were reached in 35, majority recommendations in 24, and no recommendations in the remaining 12 questions. The panel acknowledged the need for standardization of various aspects of NSM and immediate reconstruction. It endorsed several oncological contraindications to the preservation of the skin and nipple. Furthermore, it recommended inclusion of patients in prospective registries and routine assessment of patient-reported outcomes. Considerable heterogeneity in breast reconstruction practice became obvious during the conference.
Conclusions
In case of conflicting or missing evidence to guide treatment, the consensus conference revealed substantial disagreement in expert panel opinion, which, among others, supports the need for a randomized trial to evaluate the safest
and most efficacious reconstruction techniques
Paramagnetic relaxation of spin polarized He-3 at bare glass surfaces. Part I
In this first in a series of three papers on wall relaxation of spin
polarized, gaseous 3He we investigate both by theory and by experiment
surface-induced spin relaxation due to paramagnetic sites in the containing
glass. We present experimental and theoretical evidence that — contrary to
the traditional opinion — distant dipolar coupling to paramagnetic
impurities in the glass, in particular iron ions, cannot be the dominant
relaxation mechanism of 3He-spins, although iron dominates the bulk
static permeability. Instead dangling-bond type defects in the glass matrix
are found to interact much stronger via the isotropic Fermi contact
interaction. A model of paramagnetic site controlled 3He relaxation
including the Fermi contact interaction is presented. With reasonable
semi-empirical assumptions our model allows to describe satisfactorily the
measured relaxivities, both in the dissolution-dominated regime of fused
silica or borosilicate glasses of the Pyrex type as well as in the surface
dominated situation of aluminosilicate glasses which have only a low
permeability for He atoms. In a large sample of 1.1 litre cells, built from
various aluminosilicate glasses, an average relaxation time of 150 h is
reached in case contaminant ferromagnetic particles have been demagnetized
beforehand. From the maximum observed value of 250 h we derive after
subtraction of dipolar relaxation in the gas phase a paramagnetic surface
relaxivity of ρ<0.005 cm/h at room temperature
Relaxation of spin polarized He-3 by magnetized ferromagnetic contaminants. Part III
In the first in a series of three papers on wall relaxation of spin
polarized 3He we have reported on a breakdown of relaxation times which
is observed after exposing the 3He containing glass cells to a strong
magnetizing field. In this third paper we give a quantitative analysis of
this phenomenon, based on magnetic signal detection by means of SQUIDs, on
the pressure dependence of relaxation times in magnetized cells, as well as
on Monte Carlo simulations of 3He-relaxation in a macroscopic dipole
field. Our analysis allows to identify the contaminants as being aggregates
of dust-like Fe3O4 particles (magnetite) with a radius m
and a remanent magnetic moment of the order of m ≈O(10A m2). The particles are located at or close to the inner glass surface
Deep learning to predict breast cancer sentinel lymph node status on INSEMA histological images
Marme F, Krieghoff-Henning E, Gerber B, et al. Deep learning to predict breast cancer sentinel lymph node status on INSEMA histological images. European Journal of Cancer. 2023;195: 113390.Background
Sentinel lymph node (SLN) status is a clinically important prognostic biomarker in breast cancer and is used to guide therapy, especially for hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative cases. However, invasive lymph node staging is increasingly omitted before therapy, and studies such as the randomised Intergroup Sentinel Mamma (INSEMA) trial address the potential for further de-escalation of axillary surgery. Therefore, it would be helpful to accurately predict the pretherapeutic sentinel status using medical images.
Methods
Using a ResNet 50 architecture pretrained on ImageNet and a previously successful strategy, we trained deep learning (DL)-based image analysis algorithms to predict sentinel status on hematoxylin/eosin-stained images of predominantly luminal, primary breast tumours from the INSEMA trial and three additional, independent cohorts (The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and cohorts from the University hospitals of Mannheim and Regensburg), and compared their performance with that of a logistic regression using clinical data only. Performance on an INSEMA hold-out set was investigated in a blinded manner.
Results
None of the generated image analysis algorithms yielded significantly better than random areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves on the test sets, including the hold-out test set from INSEMA. In contrast, the logistic regression fitted on the Mannheim cohort retained a better than random performance on INSEMA and Regensburg. Including the image analysis model output in the logistic regression did not improve performance further on INSEMA.
Conclusions
Employing DL-based image analysis on histological slides, we could not predict SLN status for unseen cases in the INSEMA trial and other predominantly luminal cohorts
Pesticide biochemistry and physiology
Herbivore-induced systemic resistance occurs in many plants and is commonly assumed to be adaptive. The mechanisms triggered by leaf-herbivores that lead to systemic resistance are largely understood, but it remains unknown how and why root herbivory also increases resistance in leaves. To resolve this, we investigated the mechanism by which the root herbivore Diabrotica virgifera induces resistance against lepidopteran herbivores in the leaves of Zea mays. Diabrotica virgifera infested plants suffered less aboveground herbivory in the field and showed reduced growth of Spodoptera littoralis caterpillars in the laboratory. Root herbivory did not lead to a jasmonate-dependent response in the leaves, but specifically triggered water loss and abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation. The induction of ABA by itself was partly responsible for the induction of leaf defenses, but not for the resistance against S. littoralis. Root-herbivore induced hydraulic changes in the leaves, however, were crucial for the increase in insect resistance. We conclude that the induced leaf resistance after root feeding is the result of hydraulic changes, which reduce the quality of the leaves for chewing herbivores. This finding calls into question whether root-herbivore induced leaf-resistance is an evolved response. © The Authors (2010). Journal compilation © New Phytologist Trust (2010)