LED in rozen het moet beter!

Red Naomi! roses were grown under full LED and cooling in the summer of 2017 in a similar way as in 2016 with good results. At the end of October 2017, LEDs with an adapted spectrum were placed in 1/3 of the compartment. The quality problem again occurred under the red /blue spectrum, but in a lesser degree. Equal input of heat via the OPACs and pipe rail system had a favourable effect on the temperature distribution in the crop and thus on the development of the stems. Also crop treatments such as cutting strategy and bending have contributed to a better quality. The adjusted spectrum gave slightly larger buds, larger leaves and less thorns. That the “syndrome” was clearly less present under the adjusted spectrum has been confirmed by measures of flower properties, such as bud size, leaf size and number of thorns. In order to achieve sufficient dynamics in air humidity within a 24-hour period, the lightemission screen could not be completely closed. The energy target of 25% savings is realized when compared to a situation where the SON-T would be used as the LED for an equal number of hours. All the heat needed for cultivation, even when using LED lighting, can be collected in the summer by cooling the greenhouse and storage in an aquifer. The shelf life of roses grown under LED was comparable to that of a practical company. The research was conducted by Wageningen University & Research and Delphy in the context of Kas als Energiebron

Skin autofluorescence is increased in patients with carotid artery stenosis and peripheral artery disease

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have a pivotal role in atherosclerosis. We evaluated skin autofluorescence (SAF), a non-invasive measurement of tissue AGE accumulation, in patients with carotid artery stenosis with and without coexisting peripheral artery occlusive disease (PAOD). SAF was measured using the AGE Reader™ in 56 patients with carotid artery stenosis and in 56 age- and sex-matched healthy controls without diabetes, renal dysfunction or known atherosclerotic disease. SAF was higher in patients with carotid artery stenosis compared to the control group: mean 2.81 versus 2.46 (P = 0.002), but especially in the younger age group of 50–60 years old: mean 2.82 versus 1.94 (P = 0.000). Patients with carotid artery stenosis and PAOD proved to have an even higher SAF than patients with carotid artery stenosis only: mean 3.28 versus 2.66 (P = 0.003). Backward linear regression analysis showed that age, smoking, diabetes mellitus, renal function and the presence of PAOD were the determinants of SAF, but carotid artery stenosis was not. SAF is increased in patients with carotid artery stenosis and PAOD. The univariate and multivariate associations of SAF with age, smoking, diabetes, renal insufficiency and PAOD suggest that increased SAF can be seen as an indicator of widespread atherosclerosis

A Physics‐Based Rock Friction Constitutive Law: Steady State Friction

Experiments measuring friction over a wide range of sliding velocities find that the value of the friction coefficient varies widely: friction is high and behaves according to the rate and state constitutive law during slow sliding, yet markedly weakens as the sliding velocity approaches seismic slip speeds. We introduce a physics‐based theory to explain this behavior. Using conventional microphysics of creep, we calculate the velocity and temperature dependence of contact stresses during sliding, including the thermal effects of shear heating. Contacts are assumed to reach a coupled thermal and mechanical steady state, and friction is calculated for steady sliding. Results from theory provide good quantitative agreement with reported experimental results for quartz and granite friction over 11 orders of magnitude in velocity. The new model elucidates the physics of friction and predicts the connection between friction laws to independently determined material parameters. It predicts four frictional regimes as function of slip rate: at slow velocity friction is either velocity strengthening or weakening, depending on material parameters, and follows the rate and state friction law. Differences between surface and volume activation energies are the main control on velocity dependence. At intermediate velocity, for some material parameters, a distinct velocity strengthening regime emerges. At fast sliding, shear heating produces thermal softening of friction. At the fastest sliding, melting causes further weakening. This theory, with its four frictional regimes, fits well previously published experimental results under low temperature and normal stress

Survey Measures Of Family Decision Processes For Econometric Analysis Of Schooling Decisions

In this article, we consider the collection of novel subjective data on family processes of schooling decisions. In particular, we review recent progress on survey measurement of expectations, information, and locus of decision of American families within the context of secondary schooling, and we discuss possible future developments by providing concrete examples from recent exploratory efforts. We argue that collection of data on adolescents’ and parents’ perceptions of the available school options and the application‐and‐admission rules, their subjective expectations about short‐ and long‐term consequences of alternative choices, and their assessments of the locus of decision making within families could greatly enhance economic modeling and contribute to effective econometric analysis of schooling decisions. (JEL C83, D19, D79, D83, D84, I21, I26, J24)Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/139961/1/ecin12322.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/139961/2/ecin12322_am.pd

Behavioral aspects of communication in organizations

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