Parcela - uvod u planersko pismo

The purpose of this paper is to bring to life universal spatial planning rules whose marks are symbols reminiscent of letters for writing words, and are in practice pictures of drawings. The goal of the research is to determine general terms for the development of a hierarchy of use with four levels of land plots. The research methodology includes an analysis of the way spatial planning takes place at present in theory and in practice as well as experience in preparing and implementing spatial planning plans. The general terms in order from superior to subordinate units of use are: Planning area, Planning zone, Planning block and Planning parcel.Svrha ovog rada je oživotvoriti univerzalna pravila planiranja prostora čije su oznake simboli koji podsjećaju na slova za pisanje teksta, a praktično su slika crteža. Cilj istraživanja je utvrditi opće termine za razradu hijerarhije namjene na četiri razine parcela. Metodologija istraživanja obuhvaća analizu dosadašnjeg načina planiranja prostora u teoriji i praksi, te iskustvo u izradi i provedbi planova prostornog uređenja. Opći termini od nadređene do podređene jedinice namjene su: Planersko područje, Planerska zona, Planerski blok i Planerska čestica

Wheat Productivity and Plough Land Inequality in Rural Croatia

The unequal distribution of plough land could be according to a prior naive theorizing be a source of inefficiency in wheat production. The paper investigates whether, plough land inequality due to specific less or more egalitarian land distribution, and is a source of possible inefficiency measured by wheat productivity within Croatia's counties. We analyze these issues by using cross-county data on inequality in operational holdings of plough land from Agricultural Survey in 2003. After constructing the Gini coefficient for plough land holdings, and other relevant exogenous variable which cover necessary inputs condition as a average holding size per ha, labor, capital (represented by alternative variables summed by number of combine harvester and tractor), among counties, an estimation of an production function, is done by OLS estimations of wheat output.Wheat Productivity, Production Function, Plough Land Inequality, Croatia

Parcela - uvod u planersko pismo

The purpose of this paper is to bring to life universal spatial planning rules whose marks are symbols reminiscent of letters for writing words, and are in practice pictures of drawings. The goal of the research is to determine general terms for the development of a hierarchy of use with four levels of land plots. The research methodology includes an analysis of the way spatial planning takes place at present in theory and in practice as well as experience in preparing and implementing spatial planning plans. The general terms in order from superior to subordinate units of use are: Planning area, Planning zone, Planning block and Planning parcel.Svrha ovog rada je oživotvoriti univerzalna pravila planiranja prostora čije su oznake simboli koji podsjećaju na slova za pisanje teksta, a praktično su slika crteža. Cilj istraživanja je utvrditi opće termine za razradu hijerarhije namjene na četiri razine parcela. Metodologija istraživanja obuhvaća analizu dosadašnjeg načina planiranja prostora u teoriji i praksi, te iskustvo u izradi i provedbi planova prostornog uređenja. Opći termini od nadređene do podređene jedinice namjene su: Planersko područje, Planerska zona, Planerski blok i Planerska čestica

Importance of numerical ocean modelling and in situ ocean bottom pressure observations for satellite gravimetry from GRACE and GRACE-FO

The GRACE and GRACE-FO satellites observe the redistribution of mass in terrestrial water storage, ice sheets, oceans, atmosphere, and solid Earth. Because GRACE data is typically accumulated into monthly-mean gravity fields, an a priori background model, namely the Atmosphere and Ocean Dealiasing Level 1B (AOD1B) product, is applied to remove non-tidal variability that would otherwise alias into the monthly solutions. The main disadvantage of AOD1B RL06 compared to its previous release is that it does not simulate the dynamics beneath the Antarctic ice shelves, which can have a strong influence on global ocean circulation. The primary motivation for this work is the development of the new release of AOD1B, but the performed model experiments can also provide useful insight into the influence processes in the Southern Ocean have on global ocean dynamics. To be able to test various model experiments, as well as to compare GRACE gravity field solutions, validation against in situ measured ocean bottom pressure (OBP) is used. The validation is somewhat better suited for submonthly variability of the ocean models than for long-term signals measured by GRACE because the in situ time series are affected by the errors in trend and drift removal on longer temporal scales. The difference between the pointwise in situ and the area-averaging GRACE measuring technique also influences the comparison. It is shown that post-processing choices can severely impact the results of the validation of GRACE fields, so if different solutions are compared, their post-processing needs to be identical. Validation against in situ OBP is used to compare the EGSIEM combined GRACE solution with its five contributing datasets. It is shown that the combined solution is very close to the leading CSR RL05 and ITSG-Grace2016 solutions, outperforming the others. To investigate whether GRACE is able to detect submonthly signals, the ITSG-Grace2016 daily Kalman solution, from which the submonthly atmospheric and oceanic variability has been removed with AOD1B RL05, is validated against in situ OBP. The results show that GRACE successfully captures some submonthly variability that is not predicted by the incorporated dealiasing model. As a first step towards AOD1B RL07, the dynamics beneath the Antarctic ice shelves are implemented into the model used as the oceanic part of AOD1B, the Max Planck Institute Ocean Model (MPIOM). The bathymetry is modified to include the areas under the ice shelves and two new model experiments are performed: in one those regions are treated as open ocean, while in the other the atmospheric forcing is modified to simulate the ice shelves. The changes caused by such modifications are not limited only to the Southern Ocean, but also affect the Northern Atlantic, confirming the role the Weddell Sea has on the meridional overturning circulation. While surface changes exceed the typical variability only in a few regions, the differences at the bottom of the ocean are larger. The changes caused by ice shelf forcing are of the same order of magnitude in the vicinity of the ice shelves, but much smaller globally. A comparison with the GLORYS2v4 ocean reanalysis shows that the new model experiments are closer to the reanalysis, especially in the regions where the original MPIOM experiment performs the worst. The analysis of OBP variability points out some possible issues that need to be fixed before publishing the new AOD1B release. Validation against in situ OBP, however, shows that the modifications are without a doubt in the right direction: the new model experiment has increased relative explained variances in the 1 - 3 days band by approximately 5 % throughout Pacific, and by more than 10 % in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current region.Die GRACE- und GRACE-FO-Satelliten beobachten die Umverteilung von Masse in terrestrischen Wasserspeichern, Eisdecken, Ozeanen, Atmosphäre und fester Erde. Da GRACE-Daten in der Regel in monatlichen gemittelten Schwerefeldern gesammelt werden, wird ein a priori Hintergrundmodell Atmosphere and Ocean Dealiasing Level 1B (AOD1B) angewendet, um nicht-gezeitenbedingte Schwankungen zu beseitigen, die andernfalls zu einem Alias-Effekt in den monatlichen Lösungen führen würden. Der Hauptnachteil von AOD1B RL06 im Vergleich zu seiner Vorgängerversion besteht darin, dass die Dynamik unter den Antarktis-Eisschelfs, die einen starken Einfluss auf die globale Ozeanzirkulation haben kann, nicht simuliert wird. Die Hauptmotivation für diese Arbeit ist die Entwicklung des neuen Releases von AOD1B, die durchgeführten Modellexperimente können jedoch auch nützliche Einblicke in den Einfluss von Prozessen im Südpolarmeer auf die globale Ozeandynamik liefern. Um verschiedene Modellexperimente testen und GRACE-Schwerefeldlösungen vergleichen zu können, wird eine Validierung gegen den in situ gemessenen Meeresbodendruck (OBP) durchgeführt. Die Validierung ist für die submonatliche Variabilität der Ozeanmodelle etwas besser geeignet als für die von GRACE gemessenen Langzeitsignale, da die In-situ-Zeitreihen auf längeren Zeitskalen von Trend- und Driftentfernungenfehlern beeinflusst werden. Der Unterschied zwischen der punktweisen in situ- und der flächenmittelnden GRACE-Messtechnik beeinflusst auch den Vergleich. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Auswahl der Postprozessierung die Validierungsergebnisse von GRACE-Feldern erheblich beeinflussen kann. Wenn also verschiedene Lösungen verglichen werden, muss die Postprozessierung identisch sein. Die Validierung gegen In-situ-OBP wird verwendet, um die in EGSIEM Projekt kombinierte GRACE-Lösung mit ihren fünf beitragenden Datensätzen zu vergleichen. Es wird gezeigt, dass die kombinierte Lösung den führenden CSR RL05- und ITSG-Grace2016-Lösungen sehr nahe kommt und die anderen übertrifft. Um zu untersuchen, ob GRACE in der Lage ist, submonatliche Signale zu erkennen, wird die tägliche ITSG-Grace2016-Kalman-Lösung, aus der die submonatliche atmosphärische und ozeanische Variabilität mit AOD1B RL05 entfernt wurde, gegen in situ OBP validiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass GRACE gewisse submonatliche Variabilitäten erfolgreich erfasst, die vom integrierten Dealiasing-Modell nicht vorhergesagt werden. Als erster Schritt in Richtung AOD1B RL07 wird die Dynamik unter den Antarktis-Eisschelfs in das Max Planck Institute Ocean Model (MPIOM) implementiert, das als ozeanischer Teil von AOD1B verwendet wird. Die Bathymetrie wird modifiziert, um die Bereiche unter den Eisschelfen einzubeziehen, und es werden zwei neue Modellexperimente durchgeführt: In einem Experiment werden diese als offener Ozean behandelt, während im anderen der atmosphärische Antrieb modifiziert wird, um die Eisschelfe zu simulieren. Die durch solche Modifikationen verursachten Veränderungen beschränken sich nicht nur auf das Südpolarmeer, sondern betreffen auch den Nordatlantik, was die Rolle des Weddellmeeres für die meridionale Umwälzzirkulation bestätigt. Während die Oberflächenveränderungen die typische Variabilität nur in wenigen Regionen überschreiten, sind die Unterschiede am Meeresboden größer. Die Veränderungen, die durch den Eisschelfantrieb verursacht werden, sind in der Nähe der Eisschelfs in der gleichen Größenordnung, global jedoch viel geringer. Ein Vergleich mit der Ozean-Reanalyse GLORYS2v4 zeigt, dass die neuen Modellexperimente näher an der Reanalyse liegen, insbesondere in den Regionen, in denen das ursprüngliche MPIOM-Experiment am schlechtesten abschneidet. Die Analyse der OBP-Variabilität zeigt einige mögliche Probleme auf, die vor der Veröffentlichung der neuen Version des AOD1B-Produkts behoben werden müssen. Die Validierung mit In-situ-OBP zeigt jedoch, dass die Modifikationen zweifellos in die richtige Richtung weisen: Das neue Modellexperiment hat die relativen erklärten Varianzen im Bereich von 1 - 3 Tagen im gesamten pazifischen Raum um ungefähr 5 % erhöht und um mehr als 10 % in der Region der Antarktische Zirkumpolarströmung

Evaluation of business intelligence system usability

Dissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Information Management, specialization in Information Systems and Technologies ManagementThe reality in businesses nowadays is the easy access to big amount of data that is being transferred into information. Reliable and useful information provide a competitive advantage in turbulent waters on all fields of business activities. Information is the foundation for all important business decisions. That means that on the informational foundation entire business structure is based. Information is needed at each stage of business operations, from enterprise’s entrance into the market, its growth, and throughout its every day strategic responses to the market’s demands. Due to the almost limitless processing power and storage capabilities, it is relatively easy to provide sufficient amount of information. Information is in many organizational structures often so accessible, that employees are confronted with saturation and overflow of it, on a daily basis. For that reason we should be aware, that it is extremely difficult to capture, access and process the right information at the right time. This can quickly become impossible, if we are about to prepare the information from billions of terabytes of data (The solution for limitless processing power, storage and RAM, 2011). For several years now, Business Intelligence (hereinafter: BI) products are, with their increased functionality, trying to help the day-to-day users and “super users” in organizations, to make the best decisions. These knowledge workers, as IT staff, power users, executives, functional managers and last but not least the occasional Information customers, such as business partners and data consumers, are for sure gaining all the needed information

Optimization model for family house plot elements – the Istria case

Na današnjem stupnju prostornog razvoja, postavljeni su kriteriji optimalizacije elemenata parcele koji uključuju primjenu ambijentalnih značajki, strukturu parcele, formule prosjeka i jedinstvo parametara. Optimalno je najbolje iskorištena površina na parceli obiteljske kuće za život njenih ukućana. Istraživanja ukazuju da brojčani iskazi količina i površina pojedinih strukturnih elemenata, potrebnih za kompletiranje parcele obiteljske kuće, nisu jednaki. Prema kriterijima optimalizacije, utvrđene su srednje površine svih strukturnih elemenata unutar limitirane, minimalne i maksimalne površine parcele.At today’s level of spatial planning the criteria for the plot elements optimization are set including the ambient features’ application, the plot structure, formulas average and unity parameters. The optimal model refers to the best utilization of a family house plot from the aspect of the house inhabitants. Research indicates that numerical expressions of quantities and the surfaces of particular structural elements necessary to complete a family house plot are unequal. According to the optimization criteria, average surfaces for structural elements are determined within limited, minimal and maximal plot surfaces

A meta-analysis of adult-rated child personality and academic performance in primary education

Background: Personality is reliably associated with academic performance, but personality measurement in primary education can be problematic. Young children find it difficult to accurately self-rate personality, and dominant models of adult personality may be inappropriate for children. Aims: This meta-analysis was conducted to determine the validity of the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality for statistically predicting children's academic performance. Sample: Literature search identified 12 reports, with cumulative sample sizes ranging from 4,382 (19 correlations) to 5,706 (23 correlations) for correlations with Emotional Stability and Conscientiousness respectively. Method: Hunter-Schmidt random effects meta-analysis was used and moderators were tested using sample-weighted regression. Results: When compared with self-rated measures, adult-rated Conscientiousness and Openness were more-strongly correlated with academic performance, but adult-rated Agreeableness was less-strongly correlated. Q-set based assessments had lower validity, which appeared to explain moderating effects of rating-source. Moderating effects were not found for age, year of education (grades 1 to 7), or language within which the study was conducted. Conclusions: Conscientiousness and Openness had two of the strongest correlations with academic performance yet reported, comparable with previous meta-analytic correlations of academic performance with instructional quality, cognitive ability, and feedback. The FFM appears to be valid for educational research with children. Openness, which has no counterpart in models of children's temperament, should be further researched with children. Future research should examine the measurement of childhood personality, its relationship to intelligence, the extent to which it is malleable in primary education, and its causal relationship with academic performance

Governments in Europe (1945-2013). A Data Set

The paper presents a data set based on 620 governments in 26 European contemporary democracies from the end of World War II to the present time. The data are organized in synthetic country data sheets, each of one offering basic information on the composition of the governments, their duration and the cause for their termination. Moreover, each data sheet includes the calculation of a Government Turnover Index (GTI)