Contributions of malaria, helminths, HIV and iron deficiency to anaemia in pregnant women attending ante-natal clinic in SouthWest Nigeria

Background: Iron deficiency is a dominant source of anaemia in many settings. To evaluate the key cause of anaemia in the study area, the prevalence of anaemia due to major public health diseases was compared with anaemia due to iron deficiency. Methods: Pregnant women were recruited from ante-natal (n=490) and HIV clinics (n=217) with their personal data documented using a questionnaire. Microscopy of Giemsa-stained thick smears was used for detection of malaria parasites while helminths in stools were detected using direct smear method. Haematocrit values were determined by capillary method. Serum ferritin levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data was analysed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: The mean age of the recruited women was 28.6\ub15.4 years old. There were 68.1% cases of anaemia of which 35.5% was due to infections only predominantly HIV and malaria, 14.9% from unknown sources while anaemia due to iron deficiency only was 7.1%. Conclusion: It can safely be inferred that malaria and HIV predispose to anaemia than iron deficiency in the study area. Although pregnant women are dewormed and given IPTp for helminths and malaria treatment respectively, there should be complementary routine malaria screening at ANC visits for those with HCT values <33% and those infected with HIV

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of artemether-lumefantrine in the treatment of acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Nigerian infants and children

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The six-dose regimen of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) is now considered the gold standard for the treatment of uncomplicated <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>malaria. There are few reports evaluating co-artemether in very young Nigerian infants and children. Results of the evaluation of the six-dose regimen in very young infants and children in Nigeria are presented in this report.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>As part of a larger African study, this open label, non-comparative trial, assessed the efficacy and safety of six-dose regimen of AL tablets in 103 Nigerian infants and children weighing between five and 25 kg suffering from acute uncomplicated malaria. Treatment was administered under supervision over three days with children as in-patients. 12-lead ECG tracings were taken pre-treatment and at day 3.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Ninety-three infants and children completed the study as stipulated by the protocol. Mean fever and parasite clearance times for the intent to treat population (ITT) were 24.9 h ± (1.28) and 26 h ± (4.14) and the corresponding figures for the per-protocol population (PP) were 19.24 h ± 13.9 and 25.62 h ± 11.25 respectively. Day 14 cure rates for the ITT and PP were 95.1% and 100% respectively while day 28 cure rates were 91.3% and 95.7% respectively. The overall PCR corrected day 28 cure rate was 95.1% for the ITT. The six-dose regimen of AL was well tolerated with no drug-related serious adverse events. Although six patients recorded a QTc prolongation of > 60 ms on D3 over D0 recording, no patient recorded a QTc interval > 500 ms.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The six-dose regimen of AL tablets is safe and effective for the treatment of acute uncomplicated malaria in Nigerian infants and children weighing between five and 25 kg.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>NCT00709969</p

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Acinetobacter Species Isolated in Clinical Specimens from the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

Introduction: Acinetobacter has emerged as important pathogen in hospital associated infections (HAI) with increasing antimicrobial resistance ability, morbidity and mortality. Because the antibiotic susceptibility of Acinetobacter species differs significantly among countries and even units of same hospital, local surveillance for resistance pattern is important. We determined the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species.Materials and Methods: Acinetobacter isolates from different clinical specimens between January and December 2016 were identified using Microbact 20E and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility using disc diffusion method. The level of drug resistance was categorised accordingly.Results: Thirty-seven isolates among infected patients with mean age 35.63 years ± 22.78, male: female 1.5:1. Acinetobacter baumannii caused 26 (70.3%) of the infections, especially among surgical patients. Fifteen (40.5%) from blood and nine (24.3%) from wound biopsy (swab). Susceptibility of A. baumannii to Meropenem and Levofloxacin was 61.5%, and 69.2% respectively but the susceptibility of Acinetobacter haemolyticus and Acinetobacter iwoffii was 100% to Ampicillinsulbactam, Quinolones, Meropenem, and Piperacillin/Tazobactam, and 88.9%-100.0% to Aminoglycosides. Ten (27.0%) and 5 (13.5%) A. baumanni identified as MDR and XDR respectively.Conclusion: MDR and XDR Acinetobacter isolates are present in University College Hospital (UCH). Infection control practices should be strengthened to prevent further spread of resistant strains. Keywords: Antimicrobial Resistance, Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns, Acinetobacter, MDR, XDR,&nbsp

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К истории журнала "New Worlds" - первого общенационального журнала фантастики Великобритании

Гопман Владимир Львович. К истории журнала "New Worlds" - первого общенационального журнала фантастики Великобритании [Электронный ресурс] / В. Л. Гопман// Вестник РГГУ. - 2014. - № 12. - С. 111-120. - (Серия "Филологические науки. Журналистика. Литературная критика")