Influencia de tratamientos con rayos gamma en la presiembra sobre el crecimiento, rendimiento y algunos componentes químicos de Sesamum indicum L.

The present work aims to improve the quantity and quality of seeds and/or seed oil by using low doses of radiation. Sesame seeds were exposed to γ- rays at levels of 30, 60 and 90 Gy. The results show that 30, 60 and 90 Gy doses activated most of growth and yield parameters significantly (weight of plant, number of capsules, weight of capsules/plant and weight of seeds/plant), with 60 Gy being the best dose. With regard to the total oil percentage in the produced crops, few changes have been observed, which did not reach the level of significance. The amount of unsaturated fatty acid (18:1, omega 9) was increase by 10.5% at a 30 Gy dose followed by 60 Gy (1.1%). The total of amino acid content showed that 30 Gy dose recorded the highest value (350.4 mg·g−1) followed by 60 Gy (285.6 mg·g−1) as compared to the control value (254.4 mg·g−1). The values of phosphorus, potassium magnesium and iron which represent the major minerals in sesame seeds were increased in the irradiated samples.El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo mejorar la cantidad y la calidad de las semillas y/o aceite de semillas mediante el uso de dosis bajas de radiación. Las semillas de sésamo se expusieron a rayos γ- a niveles de 30, 60 y 90 Gy. Los resultados mostraron que las dosis de 30, 60 y 90 Gy activan significativamente la mayor parte de los parámetros de crecimiento y rendimiento (peso de la planta, número de cápsulas, peso de cápsulas/planta y el peso de semillas/planta), siendo 60 Gy la mejor dosis. Con respecto al porcentaje total de aceite producido en los cultivos, se han observado pequeños cambios, pero no se alcanzó el nivel de significación. La cantidad de ácido graso insaturado (18: 1, omega 9) fue 10,5% que aumentó con dosis de 30 Gy seguido de 60 Gy (1,1%). El contenido total de aminoácidos mostró que dosis de 30 Gy registró el valor más alto (350,4 mg·g−1), seguido de 60 Gy (285.6 mg·g−1), en comparación con el valor de control (254,4 mg·g−1). Los valores de fósforo, magnesio, potasio y hierro, que son los principales minerales en las semillas de sésamo incrementaron en las muestras irradiadas

Ionizing radiation, higher plants, and radioprotection: From acute high doses to chronic low doses

© 2018 Caplin and Willey. Understanding the effects of ionizing radiation (IR) on plants is important for environmental protection, for agriculture and horticulture, and for space science but plants have significant biological differences to the animals from which much relevant knowledge is derived. The effects of IR on plants are understood best at acute high doses because there have been; (a) controlled experiments in the field using point sources, (b) field studies in the immediate aftermath of nuclear accidents, and (c) controlled laboratory experiments. A compilation of studies of the effects of IR on plants reveals that although there are numerous field studies of the effects of chronic low doses on plants, there are few controlled experiments that used chronic low doses. Using the Bradford-Hill criteria widely used in epidemiological studies we suggest that a new phase of chronic low-level radiation research on plants is desirable if its effects are to be properly elucidated. We emphasize the plant biological contexts that should direct such research. We review previously reported effects from the molecular to community level and, using a plant stress biology context, discuss a variety of acute high-and chronic low-dose data against Derived Consideration Reference Levels (DCRLs) used for environmental protection. We suggest that chronic low-level IR can sometimes have effects at the molecular and cytogenetic level at DCRL dose rates (and perhaps below) but that there are unlikely to be environmentally significant effects at higher levels of biological organization. We conclude that, although current data meets only some of the Bradford-Hill criteria, current DCRLs for plants are very likely to be appropriate at biological scales relevant to environmental protection (and for which they were intended) but that research designed with an appropriate biological context and with more of the Bradford-Hill criteria in mind would strengthen this assertion. We note that the effects of IR have been investigated on only a small proportion of plant species and that research with a wider range of species might improve not only the understanding of the biological effects of radiation but also that of the response of plants to environmental stress

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE & BIOLOGY Full Length Article Role of Jasmonic Acid and Gamma Radiation in Alleviating Salt Stress in Moringa

To cite this paper: Hamideldin, N., N. Eid Eliwa and O.S. Hussein, 2017. Role of jasmonic acid and gamma radiation in alleviating salt stress in moringa. Abstract The present investigation studied the effect of two doses of γ-rays (20, 40 Gy) or foliar spraying of jasmonic acid 0.2 and 0.3 µM on moringa plants under salt stress condition (4000 mg/L NaCl). Foliar spray by jasmonic acid especially (0.3 µM) gave the highest peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes activity under normal or stress condition. Gamma rays and jasmonic acid treatments caused changes in activities, the band concentration of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase isozymes and increased amino acid contents. Under salt stress condition, Cl, Fe, K and Na percentage increased significantly and of Ca, Mg and S decreased. The greatest level of K were also observed in samples treated by γ-rays or sprayed by JA under normal or salt stress condition. Gamma irradiation with dose 20 Gy and spraying with jasmonic acid (0.3 µM) increased moringa resistance to salt stress during growth under 4000 mg/L level of salt stress

Influence of gamma irradiation pre-sowing treatments on the seeds yield of Moringa oleifera

Abstract Pre-sowing treatment of Moringa oleifera seeds by gamma radiation doses (0, 20, 40 and 60, Gy) to study the changes in yield characters. The yielded seeds phytochemical constituents were detected by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Also, the antioxidant compound (phenols and flavonoids) using Spectrophotometer and changes in DNA were detected using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSRs). Genomic template stability percentage (GTS %) of DNA were calculated. Significant increases were observed in yield characters under gamma irradiation, also there were changes in the yielded seeds phytochemical constituents, phenol and flavonoid content significantly increased under irradiation comparing to the control (0Gy). Some unique bands as a result of gamma irradiation were detected using (ISSRs). The irradiation treatments 20Gy, 40Gy and 60Gy revealed changes in the number of amplified DNA bands comparing to the control. The changes reflected by the appearance of new bands and disappearance of bands, the lowest GTS (42.86%) recorded with 60Gy treatment, while the highest GTS (55.84%) recorded with 20 Gy treatment. Pre-sowing irradiation for seeds of the medicinal plant Moringa oleifera by gamma rays increase the yield of moringa tree also induced changes in seeds phytochemical constituents and increasing the antioxidant compounds (phenols and flavonoids). Alternations in DNA induced by gamma irradiation can be detected by ISSRs molecular marker.</jats:p