"Ma Bohème" de Rimbaud en arabe

This is an attempt ta translate a paem while respecting all the pertinent structures which farm it, whether it can be detected by objective analysis, ar, as in poetry, resist any permeation. The challenge is great especially that the translated topic is the poem "My Bohemian" by the French poet Rimbaud.Traduire un poeme tout en respectant ses structures pertinentes, tant ceUes qui sont decelables par les moyens de I'analyse objective ou celles qui y resistent comme la poesie, est la gageure qu' essaie de tenir cet article. Le defi est d'autant plus grand que I'objet est un poeme de Rimbaud

Development of SCAR markers and a semi-selective medium for the quantification of strains Ach 1-1 and 1113-5, two Aureobasidium pullulans potential biocontrol agents.

peer reviewe

The control of postharvest blue and green molds of citrus in relation with essential oil-wax formulations, adherence and viscosity.

peer reviewedThe use of wax coatings enriched with antifungals has significantly contributed to quality maintaining of harvested citrus fruit. On the other hand, interest in essential oils (EOs) as an alternative to synthetic fungicides has recently gained momentum. In this study, Cinnamomum zeylanicum EO was incorporated into a variety of commercial citrus waxes (shellac, carnauba, paraffin and polyethylene). The biological activity of these formulations against green and blue rots as well as their viscosity and adherence to the orange fruit surface were evaluated. Excellent disease control was achieved with C. zeylanicum EO incorporated in shellac and/or carnauba wax compared to other EO–wax formulations. Disease control by EO–waxes seems to depend not only on the volume that remains on the fruit skin, but also, probably on the retention of EO components on the fruit. Other factors such as formulation solubility, permeability to gases, and compatibility between EO compounds and those of waxes may also be involved in the improvement of EO efficacy. The present study may therefore allow a careful selection of ppropriate waxes for the elaboration of effective EO–wax formulations

Predictive Modelling Of Temperature And Water Activity (Solutes) On The In Vitro Radial Growth Of Botrytis Cinerea Pers

peer reviewe

Edible films and coatings as carriers of living microorganisms: a new strategy towards biopreservation and healthier foods

Edible films and coatings have been extensively studied in recent years due to their unique properties and advantages over more traditional conservation techniques. Edible films and coatings improve shelf life and food quality, by providing a protective barrier against physical and mechanical damage, and by creating a controlled atmosphere and acting as a semipermeable barrier for gases, vapor, and water. Edible films and coatings are produced using naturally derived materials, such as polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids, or a mixture of these materials. These films and coatings also offer the possibility of incorporating different functional ingredients such as nutraceuticals, antioxidants, antimicrobials, flavoring, and coloring agents. Films and coatings are also able to incorporate living microorganisms. In the last decade, several works reported the incorporation of bacteria to confer probiotic or antimicrobial properties to these films and coatings. The incorporation of probiotic bacteria in films and coatings allows them to reach the consumers gut in adequate amounts to confer health benefits to the host, thus creating an added value to the food product. Also, other microorganisms, either bacteria or yeast, can be incorporated into edible films in a biocontrol approach to extend the shelf life of food products. The incorporation of yeasts in films and coatings has been suggested primarily for the control of the postharvest disease. This work provides a comprehensive review of the use of edible films and coatings for the incorporation of living microorganisms, aiming at the biopreservation and probiotic ability of food products.Ana Guimaraes received support through grant SFRH/BD/ 103245/2014 from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). Luís Abrunhosa was supported by grant UMINHO/BPD/51/2015 from project UID/BIO/04469/2013 financed by FCT/MEC (OE). This study was supported by FCT under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684), and of BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER000004) funded by European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. Vectors used in Figure were designed by Freepik.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

الإطار التقني والقانوني للعروض الأولية للعملة الرقمية المشفرة

Today, blockchain-based technologies, such as the Initial Coin Offering (ICO), are capable of providing solutions for financing SMEs. ICOs are the issuing of digital tokens that will be sold to investors in return for a cryptocurrency, allowing a project to be funded. This research examines the process of this novel and alternative method of business financing. At first glance, the ICO protocol appears to be very similar to the Initial Public Offering (IPO) procedure raising the question of how ICOs ought to be regulated. To answer this question, descriptive and analytical research will be conducted. On a legal level, the study found that three approaches to the regulation of ICOs exist, with the American option being the most fascinating because it represents a middle ground between banning and developing a new independent law for token issuance, allowing ICOs to be included within an existing legal framework. The study recommends that the Qatar Financial Markets Authority adopt this American approach, so ICOs will be introduced in Qatar smoothly and without the need for new legislation. This will result in a desired goal of promoting Qatari SMEs.أصبحت التقنيات القائمة على تقنية سلسلة الكتل، مثل العرض الأولي للعملة الرقمية المشفرة، قادرة اليوم على توفير الحلول المناسبة لتمويل المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة. إن العرض الأولي للعملة الرقمية المشفرة هو إصدار لرموز تُباع للمستثمرين مقابل عملة مشفرة، مما يسمح بتمويل مشروع تجاري. تعرض الدراسة آلية عمل هذه الطريقة الجديدة والبديلة لتمويل الأعمال التجارية. وللوهلة الأولى، يبدو أن العرض الأولي للعملة الرقمية المشفرة يشبه إلى حد بعيد إجراء الاكتتاب الأولي؛ مما يثير التساؤل حول كيفية التنظيم القانوني لعمليات العرض الأولي للعملات. وللإجابة عن هذا التساؤل اعتمدنا المنهج الوصفي التحليلي. وجدت الدراسة على المستوى القانوني ثلاث طرق لتنظيم العرض الأولي للعملة الرقمية المشفرة، مع الأخذ بعين الاعتبار أن الخيار الأمريكي هو الأكثر اهتمامًا؛ لأنه يمثل حلًا وسطًا بين الحظر والإصدار لقانون مستقل جديد يسمح بإصدار الرمز، مما يخول إدراج العرض الأولي للعملة الرقمية المشفرة في إطار قانوني قائم. توصي الدراسة هيئة قطر للأسواق المالية بتبني المقاربة الأميركية؛ بما يسمح بإدخال عمليات العرض الأولي للعملة الرقمية المشفرة في قطر، بشكل سلس، دون الحاجة إلى إصدار قانون جديد؛ مما يؤدي إلى الترويج للمشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة القطرية

The regime of the micro-enterprise, comparative study of French and Lebanese law

A cette époque de crises économiques internationales, de mondialisation et d’ouverture des marchés, la micro-entreprise apparaît plus que jamais comme une arme d'anti-crise et de création d'emplois. Dans ce contexte, les outils juridiques s'avèrent être le meilleur moyen pour accomplir ces objectifs. Ces outils sont principalement composés du droit des sociétés et des entreprises, du droit de la sécurité sociale et du droit fiscal. Cependant, ils ne sont pas les mêmes en France qu'au Liban. En effet, les législations de ces deux pays ont pendant longtemps porté des conceptions juridiques similaires. Or, depuis une vingtaine d'années le droit français a commencé à prendre un rythme d’évolution accéléré suite à l’influence exercé par le droit continental européen dans le cadre de l’harmonisation européenne. Ainsi, il s’agit d’intégrer les évolutions du droit français dans le droit libanais. Toutefois, le droit français connaît lui même plusieurs imperfections. C’est pourquoi un regard porté sur les législations appartenant à un autre système juridique que celui du « Droit civil », notamment sur celles appartenant à la famille de la « Common Law », pourrait apporter des solutions originales aux limites des droits français et libanais. Par conséquent, cette contribution vise à trouver des remèdes aux lacunes juridiques existantes en matière de micro-entreprise en France et au Liban et à élaborer de nouveaux moyens de la promouvoir.At this time of international economic crises, globalization and open markets, the micro-enterprise appears more than ever as a weapon of anti-crisis and job creation. In this context, the legal tools are proving to be the best way to achieve these goals. These tools are mainly composed of company and corporate laws, social security law and tax law. However, they vary from France to Lebanon. Even though, for a long time, the legislations of both countries have carried similar legal concepts. Yet, for more than twenty years now French law has begun taking an accelerated pace of evolution, due to the influence of the European continental law in the context of European harmonization. Thus, the objective is to incorporate the French law evolutions in the Lebanese law. However, the French law suffers of several imperfections, this is why a glance at the legislations of other legal systems than the “Civil law”, in particular those of “Common law”, could provide original solutions to the limits of French and Lebanese law. Therefore, this paper aims to find cures for existing legal loopholes concerning the micro-enterprise in France and Lebanon and to develop new ways to promote it

CONTROLE ET CONDUITE NUMERIQUES D'UN FOUR TUNNEL D'INDUSTRIE CERAMIQUE

MODELISATION DU FONCTIONNEMENT THERMIQUE D'UN FOUR DE POTERIE. DETERMINATION DU REGIME STATIQUE OPTIMAL DE CUISSON. APRES DES TRANSFORMATIONS DU MODELE, ON CALCULE UNE LOI DE COMMANDE EN BOUCLE FERMEE PAR RETOUR D'ETAT EN MINIMISANT UN CRITERE QUADRATIQUE A HORIZON FINI. LE CALCUL D'UN ESTIMATEUR DE L'ETAT EST EXPOSE POUR LA RECONSTITUTION DU PROFIL DANS LA CHARGE A PARTIR DE MESURES FAITES DANS LE GAZ. CONDUITE NUMERIQUE DU FOUR PAR MICROCALCULATEURIndisponibl