Mýty – omyly – nepravdy

Title in English: Mythos – misunderstandings – fallacies: On failures in education and pedagogy. The book is the translation from Mythen – Irrtümer – Unwahrheiten: Essays über das „Valsche“ in der Pädagogik edited by H. U. Grunder (Bad Heilbrunn: Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, 2017). It includes seven essays written by authors from Germany and Switzerland. They strive for profound understanding of issues as upbringing, education, school, teachers, students, teaching and learning

Guideline adherence and patient satisfaction in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disorders – an evaluation study

Background: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the most frequent inflammatory bowel disorders (IBD). IBD cause a significant burden to society due to extensive health care utilization from the first clinical symptoms until diagnosis and thereafter due to direct and indirect costs. Besides the socio-economic impact of CD and UC, gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms affect quality of life, but there is remarkably little data about the quality of treatment as assessed by patient satisfaction, quality of life and adherence to guidelines. Thus the aim of this study was to identify variables that influence quality of treatment and quality of life as well as patient satisfaction. Methods: The Essener Zirkel Study was a cross sectional study of 86 IBD-patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CD or UC. They were recruited at primary, secondary and tertiary care settings. Quality of treatment, quality of life and patient satisfaction were evaluated. Consulting behaviour and number of examinations, duration of disease and variables regarding adherence to guidelines were evaluated, too. Results: 59 (69%) patients had CD and 27 had UC (31%). 19% spent more than four years until the suspected diagnosis of IBD was confirmed and visited more than five physicians. All patients showed a significantly reduced quality of life compared to the 1998 German normative population. In spite of being under medical treatment, nearly half of the patients suffered from strong quality of life restricting symptoms. Over all, 35% described their treatment as moderate or bad. Patients who consulted psychotherapists and non-medical practitioners suffered significantly less from depression. Conclusion: Besides structural deficiencies due to the health care policy, we revealed the adherence to guidelines to be a problem area. Our findings support the assumption, that providing better health care and especially maintaining constant patient-physician communication improves patient satisfaction.Claudia Pieper, Sebastian Haag, Stefan Gesenhues, Gerald Holtmann, Guido Gerken and Karl-Heinz Jöcke

Genetics of Dispersal

Dispersal is a process of central importance for the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of populations and communities, because of its diverse consequences for gene flow and demography. It is subject to evolutionary change, which begs the question, what is the genetic basis of this potentially complex trait? To address this question, we (i) review the empirical literature on the genetic basis of dispersal, (ii) explore how theoretical investigations of the evolution of dispersal have represented the genetics of dispersal, and (iii) discuss how the genetic basis of dispersal influences theoretical predictions of the evolution of dispersal and potential consequences. Dispersal has a detectable genetic basis in many organisms, from bacteria to plants and animals. Generally, there is evidence for significant genetic variation for dispersal or dispersal-related phenotypes or evidence for the micro-evolution of dispersal in natural populations. Dispersal is typically the outcome of several interacting traits, and this complexity is reflected in its genetic architecture: while some genes of moderate to large effect can influence certain aspects of dispersal, dispersal traits are typically polygenic. Correlations among dispersal traits as well as between dispersal traits and other traits under selection are common, and the genetic basis of dispersal can be highly environment-dependent. By contrast, models have historically considered a highly simplified genetic architecture of dispersal. It is only recently that models have started to consider multiple loci influencing dispersal, as well as non-additive effects such as dominance and epistasis, showing that the genetic basis of dispersal can influence evolutionary rates and outcomes, especially under non-equilibrium conditions. For example, the number of loci controlling dispersal can influence projected rates of dispersal evolution during range shifts and corresponding demographic impacts. Incorporating more realism in the genetic architecture of dispersal is thus necessary to enable models to move beyond the purely theoretical towards making more useful predictions of evolutionary and ecological dynamics under current and future environmental conditions. To inform these advances, empirical studies need to answer outstanding questions concerning whether specific genes underlie dispersal variation, the genetic architecture of context-dependent dispersal phenotypes and behaviours, and correlations among dispersal and other traits.Peer reviewe

Avant-propos

Haag Ingrid, Götze Karl Heinz. Avant-propos. In: Cahiers d'Études Germaniques, numéro 45, 2003/2. A propos d' amour. Le discours amoureux et le discours sur l’amour de Werther à Effi Briest. Actes du colloque international Aix-en-Provence, 13, 14 et 15 mars 2003. pp. 5-7

Avant-propos

Haag Ingrid, Götze Karl Heinz. Avant-propos. In: Cahiers d'Études Germaniques, numéro 55, 2008/2. L'amour entre deux guerres, 1918-1945, Concepts et représentations. Actes du colloque international Aix-en-Provence, 11, 12 et 13 octobre 2007. pp. 7-8

Avant-propos

Haag Ingrid, Götze Karl Heinz. Avant-propos. In: Cahiers d'Études Germaniques, numéro 50, 2006/1. L'amour autour de 1900. Actes du colloque international Aix-en-Provence, 3, 4 et 5 mars 2005. pp. 5-6

Avant-propos

Götze Karl Heinz, Haag Ingrid, Vanoosthuyse Michel. Avant-propos. In: Cahiers d'Études Germaniques, numéro 34, 1998/1. Heinrich Heine. p. 7