International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

An investigation of the interaction of 4-membered rings with adjacent carbanion centers

A series of cyclobutylcarbinyl phenyl ketones was prepared and the rates of base catalyzed hydrogen-deuterium exchange of a-hydrogen atoms were compared with those of appropriate model compounds, to test the validity of an earlier finding, which suggested that a four-membered ring, like the three-membered ring, has the ability to stabilize an adjacent carbanion center. In this study, unlike the cyclopropyl group, no clearly defined stabilization of the adjacent, carbanion center was detected by the 1-phenyl- and 1-p-nitrophenyl- substituted cyclobutyl groups and only a very slight rate enhancement by the 3-phenylcyclobutyl group was detected. Attempts to detect a stabilization of the carbanion center by a cyclobutyl-substituted methyl group (homoconjugative interaction) also failed

The first regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of homochiral perhydroimidazoisoxazoles via the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of imidazoline 3-oxides with (1S)- (-)-beta-pinene

WOS: 000170127000012The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of imidazoline 1-oxides I with (1S)-(-)-beta -pinene proceeds regio- and diastereoselectively to give homochiral perhydroimidazoisoxazole derivatives 3 in high yields in the cases of imidazoline 3-oxides 1a-e but in low yields in the reactions of If g. The preferred attack of (1S)-(-)-beta -pinene to the cyclic nitrone was shown to be anti-endo. The reaction of racemic nitrones (+/-)-1f g with the homochiral beta -pinene gave the adduct from (lie (S)-nitrone and the corresponding imidazole. The adducts 3 Undergo retro-1,3-dipolar cycloaddition when heated in the condensed phase or in diphenyl ether to give the corresponding imidazole and beta -pinene. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

The first examples of di- and cis triaryl-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-b]isoxazoles and their ring-opening reactions

WOS: 000088090200023The Delta(3)-imidazoline 3-oxides 1 undergo diastereoselective cycloaddition with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate 2 to give 3a,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-b]isoxazoles 3. Thermal and base induced ring-opening reactions of compounds 3 were demonstrated. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved