PERTUMBUHAN KANGKUNG DARAT (Ipomoea reptans Poir) PADA MEDIA PRAKTIKUM HIDROPONIK RAKIT APUNG DENGAN PERBEDAAN NUTRISI

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tanaman kangkung darat (Ipomoea reptans Poir) dengan parameter panjang akar, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, kadar klorofil, berat basah dan kering selama 14 hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktorial dengan faktor utama yaitu metode hidroponik rakit apung statis dan dinamis, dan empat rasio nutrisi (N1, N2, N3 dan N4) dan kombinasi keduanya dengan 3 kali ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap 2 hari sekali selama 7 kali. Data dianalisis menggunakan SAS dan dilanjutkan dengan LSD pada alfa 0.05 bila ada perlakuan yang signifikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan pada metode rakit apung dinamis lebih tinggi secara signifikan dibandingkan pertumbuhan pada metode rakit apung statis, sementara dari 4 rasio nutrisi yang berbeda, N4 (ab mix) memberikan nilai pertumbuhan tertinggi secara signifikan dibandingkan nutrisi lainnya. Pertumbuhan tanaman kangkung darat lebih tinggi secara signifikan pada kombinasi metode dinamis dan rasio N4, dibandingkan dengan kombinasi lainnya

Denial of long-term issues with agriculture on tropical peatlands will have devastating consequences

Non peer reviewe

Relative sea-level change in western New Guinea recorded by regional biostratigraphic data

We present new biostratigraphic analyses of approximately 200 outcrop samples and review biostratigraphic data from 136 public domain exploration wells across western New Guinea. Biostratigraphic ages and palaeodepositional environments were interpreted from occurrences of planktonic and larger benthic foraminifera, together with other fossils and environmental indicators where possible. These data were compared with existing geological maps and exploration well data to reconstruct the palaeogeography of western New Guinea from the Carboniferous to present day. In addition, we used the known bathyal preferences of fossils to generate a regional sea-level curve and compared this with global records of sea-level change over the same period. Our analyses of the biostratigraphic data identified two major transgressive-regressive cycles in regional relative sea-level, with the highest sea levels recorded during the Late Cretaceous and Late Miocene and terrestrial deposition prevalent across much of western New Guinea during the Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic. An increase in the abundance of carinate planktonic foraminifera indicates a subsequent phase of relative sea-level rise during a regional transgressive event between the Late Jurassic and Late Cretaceous. However, sea-levels dropped once more during a regressive event between the Late Cretaceous and the Paleogene. This resulted in widespread shallow water carbonate platform development in the Middle to Late Eocene. A minor transgressive event occurred during the Oligocene, but this ceased in the Early Miocene, likely due to the collision of the Australian continent with intra-Pacific island arcs. This Miocene collision event resulted in widespread uplift that is marked by a regional unconformity. Carbonate deposition continued in platforms that developed in shallow marine settings until these were drowned during another transgressive event in the Middle Miocene. This transgression reached its peak in the Late Miocene and was followed by a further regression culminating in the present day topographic expression of western New Guinea

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PRAKTIKUM MATERI PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN MENGGUNAKAN HIDROPONIK RAKIT APUNG DAN RASIO NUTRISI

Abstract This study aimed to determine the effect of floating raft hydroponic media products on static and dynamic methods and different nutrient ratios as media in growth practicum activities in schools. The method used was research and development (R & D) method using 6 stages, starting from potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revisions and limited trials. Stage The trial involved students and validators as material and media experts. The research instruments were in the form of validation questionnaires, student response questionnaires and student practical worksheets. The results of the prototype validation and floating raft hydroponic media products by material and media experts included the feasible category (100%). Based on the results of the questionnaire responses of students showed that students strongly agreed that the floating hydroponic raft was used as laboratory work (86.80%) Kata kunci : floating raft hydrophonics, laboratory work media, student                              responses

Analisis kohesi gramatikal antarkalimat pada teks narasi siswa sebagai bahan pembelajaran menulis di MTs Assalam Sukabumi

Kohesi gramatikal merupakan kepaduan bentuk antaraunsur dalam wacana yang diwujudkan dalam sistem gramatikal. Oleh karena itu, perlu diperhatikan pemakaian kohesi gramatikal dalam wacana siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan ketepatan penggunaan penanda kohesi gramatikal antarkalimat dalam teks narasi siswa dan menjadikan hasil penelitian sebagai bahan pembelajaran menulis bagi siswa kelas VIII MTs Assalam Sukabumi.Subjek penelitian ini adalah teks narasi siswa kelas VIII MTs Assalam Sukabumi. Objek penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah piranti kohesi gramatikal antarkalimat dan ketepatan penggunaan kohesi gramatikal antarkalimat dalam karangan narasi siswa kelas VIII MTs Assalam Sukabumi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu mendeskripsikan penggunaan piranti kohesi gramatikal antarkalimat dalam teks narasi siswa MTs Assalam Sukabumi. Teknik yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah teknik baca dan catat. Analisis data menggunakan metode trianglasi data, yaitu dengan pengamatan dan analisis.Hasil dalam penelitian penggunaan kohesi gramatikal antarkalimat dalam teks narasi siswa kelas VIII MTs Assalam Sukabumi ada dua. Pertama, penggunaan kohesi gramatikal antarkalimat dalam teks narasi siswa MTs Assalam Sukabumi terdiri dari referensi, substitusi, elipsis, dan konjungsi. Dari data tersebut, penggunaan kohesi gramatikal didominasi oleh elipsis yang kurang digunakan. Kemudian hasil penelitian dijadikan sebagai bahan pembelajaran menulis bagi siswa. ketepatan penggunaan kohesi gramatikal antarkalimat dalam teks narasi siswa kelas VIII MTs Assalam Sukabumi termasuk dalam kategori baik

New insights into the geological evolution of West Papua from recent field and laboratory studies

Our understanding of the geological evolution of West Papua (or the Bird\u27s Head Peninsula and Bird\u27s Neck) predominantly stems from a systematic mapping campaign conducted by Indonesian and Australian geologists during the 1970\u27s and 80\u27s, together with the findings of mineral and hydrocarbon exploration by Dutch geologists in the early 1900\u27s. Most of the research that has been conducted since these initial, but comprehensive studies have been associated with continued exploration for hydrocarbons (e.g., around the Salawati and Bintuni Basins) and precious metals (e.g., associated with Grasberg-Ertsburg). Here we present an overview of research conducted over the past five years that was largely funded by several oil exploration companies. Our research did not focus on oil exploration, but instead attempted to update our understanding of the age of magmatic, metamorphic and deformation events, and to improve our knowledge of the regional stratigraphy of West Papua. These new data have been used to develop new tectonic models and paleogeographic maps that provide a framework for future studies in the region to build upon

New insights into the geological evolution of Eastern Indonesia from recent research projects by the SE Asia Research Group

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Ischemic thresholds for gray and white matter: A diffusion and perfusion magnetic resonance study

Background and Purpose-Although gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) have differing neurochemical responses to ischemia in animal models, it is unclear whether this translates into differing thresholds for infarction. We studied this issue in ischemic stroke patients using magnetic resonance (MR) techniques

Denial of long-term issues with agriculture on tropical peatlands will have devastating consequences

The first International Peat Congress (IPC) held in the tropics - in Kuching (Malaysia) - brought together over 1000 international peatland scientists and industrial partners from across the world (“International Peat Congress with over 1000 participants!,” 2016). The congress covered all aspects of peatland ecosystems and their management, with a strong focus on the environmental, societal and economic challenges associated with contemporary large-scale agricultural conversion of tropical peat. However, recent encouraging developments towards better management of tropical peatlands have been undermined by misleading newspaper headlines and statements first published during the conference. Articles in leading regional newspapers (“Oil palm planting on peat soil handled well, says Uggah,” 2016; Cheng & Sibon, 2016; Nurbianto, 2016a, 2016b; Wong, 2016) widely read across the region, portrayed a general consensus, in summary of the conference, that current agricultural practices in peatland areas, such as oil palm plantations, do not have a negative impact on the environment. This view is not shared by many scientists, or supported by the weight of evidence that business-as-usual management is not sustainable for tropical peatland agriculture. Peer-reviewed scientific studies published over the last 19 years, as reflected in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Wetland Supplement on greenhouse gas inventories, affirms that drained tropical peatlands lose considerable amounts of carbon at high rates (Drösler et al., 2014). Tropical peat swamp forests have sequestered carbon for millennia, storing a globally significant reservoir below ground in the peat (Page et al., 2011; Dommain et al., 2014). However, contemporary agriculture techniques on peatlands heavily impact this system through land clearance, drainage and fertilization, a process that too often involves fire. Along with biodiversity losses driven by deforestation (Koh et al., 2011; Posa et al., 2011; Giam et al., 2012), the carbon stored in drained peatlands is rapidly lost through oxidation, dissolution and fire (Couwenberg et al., 2009; Hirano et al., 2012; Ramdani & Hino, 2013; Schrier-Uijl et al., 2013; Carlson et al., 2015; Warren et al., 2016). Tropical peat fires are a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions and produce transboundary haze causing significant impacts on human health, regional economies and ecosystems (Page et al., 2002; Marlier et al., 2012; Jaafar & Loh, 2014; Chisholm et al., 2016; Huijnen et al., 2016; Stockwell et al., 2016). With future El-Niño events predicted to increase in frequency and severity (Cai et al., 2014) and with fire prevalence now decoupled from drought years (Gaveau et al., 2014), future large scale fire and haze events are imminent given the extensive areas of now drained fire prone drained peatlands (Kettridge et al., 2015; Turetsky et al., 2015; Page & Hooijer, 2016). In reality, just how much of the estimated 69 gigatonnes of carbon (Page et al., 2011) stored in Southeast Asian tropical peatlands is being lost due to agricultural operations under the current management regime is still uncertain. Of great concern is that none of the agricultural management methods applied to date have been shown to prevent the loss of peat and the associated subsidence of the peatland surface following drainage (Wösten et al., 1997; Melling et al., 2008; Hooijer et al., 2012; Evers et al., 2016). Recent projections suggest that large areas of currently drained coastal peatlands will become un-drainable, and progressively be subjected to longer periods of inundation by river and ultimately sea water (Hooijer et al., 2015a, 2015b; Sumarga et al., 2016). With growing risk of saltwater intrusion, agriculture in these coastal lands will become increasingly untenable, calling into question the very notion of “long-term sustainability of tropical peatland agriculture”. A more accurate view of drained peatland agriculture is that of an extractive industry, in which a finite resource (the peat) is ‘mined’ to produce food, fibre and fuel, driven by global demand. In developing countries with growing populations, there are strong socio-economic arguments for exploiting this resource to support local livelihoods and broader economic development (Mizuno et al., 2016). However, an acceptance that on-going peat loss is inevitable under this scenario. Science-based measures towards improved management, including limitations on the extent of plantation development, can be used to minimise the rate of this peat loss (President of Indonesia, 2011). Such an evidence-based position, supported with data and necessary legal instruments are needed for sustainable futures. The scientifically unfounded belief that drained peatland agriculture can be made ‘sustainable’, and peat loss can be halted, via unproven methods such as peat compaction debilitates the effort to find sustainable possibilities. To a large extent, the issues surrounding unsustainable peatland management have now been recognized by sections of industry (Wilmar, 2013; APP, 2014; Cargill Inc., 2014; Mondelēz International, 2014; Sime Darby Plantation, 2014; APRIL, 2015; Olam International, 2015), government (President of Indonesia, 2014, 2016; Mongabay, 2015; Mongabay Haze Beat, 2015; Hermansyah, 2016) and consumers (Wijedasa et al., 2015). In recognition of the constraints and risks of peatland development, many large and experienced oil palm and pulpwood companies have halted further development on peat and introduced rigorous management requirements for existing peatland plantations(Lim et al., 2012). However, the denial of the empirical basis calling for improved peatland management remains persistent in influential policy spaces, as illustrated by the articles reporting on the conference (“Oil palm planting on peat soil handled well, says Uggah,” 2016; Cheng & Sibon, 2016; Nurbianto, 2016a, 2016b). The search for more responsible tropical peatland agriculture techniques includes promising recent initiatives to develop methods to cultivate crops on peat under wet conditions (Giesen, 2015; Dommain et al., 2016; Mizuno et al., 2016). While a truly sustainable peatland agriculture method does not yet exist, the scientific community and industry are collaborating in the search for solutions(International Peat Society, 2016), and for interim measures to mitigate ongoing rates of peat loss under existing plantations. Failing to recognize the devastating consequences of the current land use practices on peat soils and failing to work together to address them could mean that the next generation will have to deal with an irreversibly altered, dysfunctional landscape where neither environment nor society, globally or locally, will be winners.JRC.D.1-Bio-econom