130 research outputs found
The Emergence of Arboriculture in the 1st Millennium BC along the Mediterraneanâs âFar Westâ
This paper presents the history of the introduction and expansion of arboriculture during the 1st millennium BC from the South of the Iberian Peninsula to the South of France. The earliest evidence of arboriculture at the beginning of the 1st millennium hails from the south of the Iberia from where it spread northward along the peninsulaâs eastern edge. The different fruits (grape, olive, fig, almond, pomegranate and apple/pear) arrived together in certain areas in spite of uneven distribution and acceptance by local communities. Grape was the crop with the greatest diffusion. The greater diversity of crops in the southern half of the peninsula is also noteworthy. Their development paved the way for a commercial agricultural model in some territories where fruits and their derivatives, such as wine and oil, played vital roles.This paper is an output of the project FRUITCOM âUn nuevo modelo agrĂcola: frutales, hierro y comercio durante el I milenio A.E.â (CIDEGENT/2019/003), funded by Generalitat Valenciana. This research also received support from the Ministerio de Ciencia, InnovaciĂłn y Universidades (Movilidad, circulaciĂłn e intercambio en el llano occidental catalĂĄn entre el III y el I milenio ANE, PID2019-110022GB-I00) and from the French National Agency of Research (VINICULTURE projectâANR-16-CE27-0013)
Variabilité des techniques de récolte et traitements des céréales dans l'occident Méditerranéen au Néolithique Ancien et Moyen: facteurs environnementaux, économiques et sociaux
La reconstitution des techniques agricoles prĂ©historiques constitue un Ă©lĂ©ment fondamental pour la comprĂ©hension du processus dâexpansion de lâagriculture en MĂ©diterranĂ©e occidentale. Dans le cadre dâun projet europĂ©en rassemblant des tracĂ©ologues et des carpologues espagnols et français, nous avons, dans une premiĂšre phase, Ă©tudiĂ© les mĂ©thodes de rĂ©colte des cĂ©rĂ©ales pratiquĂ©es durant le NĂ©olithique en Espagne et dans le Sud de la France, du NĂ©olithique ancien au NĂ©olithique moyen. LâĂ©tude des outils de rĂ©colte a permis de distinguer trois aires distinctes. Le Sud-Est de lâEspagne est caractĂ©risĂ© par des faucilles courbes avec des Ă©lĂ©ments insĂ©rĂ©s obliquement dans le manche. En Catalogne, Languedoc et Provence, la majoritĂ© des faucilles sont constituĂ©es de longues lames emmanchĂ©es parallĂšlement au manche, mais dâautres modĂšles existent. En Espagne cantabrique, les cĂ©rĂ©ales Ă©taient rĂ©coltĂ©es sans faucille. Nos travaux en cours explorent diffĂ©rents facteurs pouvant expliquer cette variabilitĂ© : conditions environnementales, types de cĂ©rĂ©ales cultivĂ©es, finalitĂ©s techniques et alimentaires de la culture des cĂ©rĂ©ales, techniques de conservation des cĂ©rĂ©ales, rĂŽle de lâagriculture cĂ©rĂ©aliĂšre dans lâĂ©conomie, dynamiques historiques de lâexpansion et de lâadoption des
innovations néolithiques.Peer Reviewe
Experience sampling methods for the personalised prediction of mental health problems in Spanish university students: protocol for a survey-based observational study within the PROMES-U project
IntroductionThere is a high prevalence of mental health problems among university students. Better prediction and treatment access for this population is needed. In recent years, short-term dynamic factors, which can be assessed using experience sampling methods (ESM), have presented promising results for predicting mental health problems.Methods and analysisUndergraduate students from five public universities in Spain are recruited to participate in two web-based surveys (at baseline and at 12-month follow-up). A subgroup of baseline participants is recruited through quota sampling to participate in a 15-day ESM study. The baseline survey collects information regarding distal risk factors, while the ESM study collects short-term dynamic factors such as affect, company or environment. Risk factors will be identified at an individual and population level using logistic regressions and population attributable risk proportions, respectively. Machine learning techniques will be used to develop predictive models for mental health problems. Dynamic structural equation modelling and multilevel mixed-effects models will be considered to develop a series of explanatory models for the occurrence of mental health problems.Ethics and disseminationThe project complies with national and international regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki and the Code of Ethics, and has been approved by the IRB Parc de Salut Mar (2020/9198/I) and corresponding IRBs of all participating universities. All respondents are given information regarding access mental health services within their university and region. Individuals with positive responses on suicide items receive a specific alert with indications for consulting with a health professional. Participants are asked to provide informed consent separately for the web-based surveys and for the ESM study. Dissemination of results will include peer-reviewed scientific articles and participation in scientific congresses, reports with recommendations for universitiesâ mental health policy makers, as well as a well-balanced communication strategy to the general public
What causes hidradenitis suppurativa? - 15 years after
The 14 authors of the first review article on hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) pathogenesis published 2008 in EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY cumulating from the 1st International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Research Symposium held March 30?April 2, 2006 in Dessau, Germany with 33 participants were prophetic when they wrote "Hopefully, this heralds a welcome new tradition: to get to the molecular heart of HS pathogenesis, which can only be achieved by a renaissance of solid basic HS research, as the key to developing more effective HS therapy." (Kurzen et al. What causes hidradenitis suppurativa? Exp Dermatol 2008;17:455). Fifteen years later, there is no doubt that the desired renaissance of solid basic HS research is progressing with rapid steps and that HS has developed deep roots among inflammatory diseases in Dermatology and beyond, recognized as ?the only inflammatory skin disease than can be healed?. This anniversary article of 43 research-performing authors from all around the globe in the official journal of the European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. (EHSF e.V.) and the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation, Inc (HSF USA) summarizes the evidence of the intense HS clinical and experimental research during the last 15 years in all aspects of the disease and provides information of the developments to come in the near future
Multicentric Atrial Strain COmparison between Two Different Modalities: MASCOT HIT Study
Two methods are currently available for left atrial (LA) strain measurement by speckle tracking echocardiography, with two different reference timings for starting the analysis: QRS (QRS-LASr) and P wave (P-LASr). The aim of MASCOT HIT study was to define which of the two was more reproducible, more feasible, and less time consuming. In 26 expert centers, LA strain was analyzed by two different echocardiographers (young vs senior) in a blinded fashion. The study population included: healthy subjects, patients with arterial hypertension or aortic stenosis (LA pressure overload, group 2) and patients with mitral regurgitation or heart failure (LA volumeâpressure overload, group 3). Difference between the inter-correlation coefficient (ICC) by the two echocardiographers using the two techniques, feasibility and analysis time of both methods were analyzed. A total of 938 subjects were included: 309 controls, 333 patients in group 2, and 296 patients in group 3. The ICC was comparable between QRS-LASr (0.93) and P-LASr (0.90). The young echocardiographers calculated QRS-LASr in 90% of cases, the expert ones in 95%. The feasibility of P-LASr was 85% by young echocardiographers and 88% by senior ones. QRS-LASr young median time was 110 s (interquartile range, IR, 78-149) vs senior 110 s (IR 78-155); for P-LASr, 120 s (IR 80-165) and 120 s (IR 90-161), respectively. LA strain was feasible in the majority of patients with similar reproducibility for both methods. QRS complex guaranteed a slightly higher feasibility and a lower time wasting compared to the use of P wave as the reference
The Third Fermi Large Area Telescope Catalog of Gamma-ray Pulsars
We present 294 pulsars found in GeV data from the Large Area Telescope (LAT)
on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Another 33 millisecond pulsars (MSPs)
discovered in deep radio searches of LAT sources will likely reveal pulsations
once phase-connected rotation ephemerides are achieved. A further dozen optical
and/or X-ray binary systems co-located with LAT sources also likely harbor
gamma-ray MSPs. This catalog thus reports roughly 340 gamma-ray pulsars and
candidates, 10% of all known pulsars, compared to known before Fermi.
Half of the gamma-ray pulsars are young. Of these, the half that are undetected
in radio have a broader Galactic latitude distribution than the young
radio-loud pulsars. The others are MSPs, with 6 undetected in radio. Overall,
>235 are bright enough above 50 MeV to fit the pulse profile, the energy
spectrum, or both. For the common two-peaked profiles, the gamma-ray peak
closest to the magnetic pole crossing generally has a softer spectrum. The
spectral energy distributions tend to narrow as the spindown power
decreases to its observed minimum near erg s, approaching the
shape for synchrotron radiation from monoenergetic electrons. We calculate
gamma-ray luminosities when distances are available. Our all-sky gamma-ray
sensitivity map is useful for population syntheses. The electronic catalog
version provides gamma-ray pulsar ephemerides, properties and fit results to
guide and be compared with modeling results.Comment: 142 pages. Accepted by the Astrophysical Journal Supplemen
TOI-836 : a super-Earth and mini-Neptune transiting a nearby K-dwarf
Funding: TGW, ACC, and KH acknowledge support from STFC consolidated grant numbers ST/R000824/1 and ST/V000861/1, and UKSA grant ST/R003203/1.We present the discovery of two exoplanets transiting TOI-836 (TIC 440887364) using data from TESS Sector 11 and Sector 38. TOI-836 is a bright (T = 8.5 mag), high proper motion (âŒ200 mas yrâ1), low metallicity ([Fe/H]ââ0.28) K-dwarf with a mass of 0.68 ± 0.05 Mâ and a radius of 0.67 ± 0.01 Râ. We obtain photometric follow-up observations with a variety of facilities, and we use these data-sets to determine that the inner planet, TOI-836 b, is a 1.70 ± 0.07 Râ super-Earth in a 3.82 day orbit, placing it directly within the so-called âradius valleyâ. The outer planet, TOI-836 c, is a 2.59 ± 0.09 Râ mini-Neptune in an 8.60 day orbit. Radial velocity measurements reveal that TOI-836 b has a mass of 4.5 ± 0.9 Mâ, while TOI-836 c has a mass of 9.6 ± 2.6 Mâ. Photometric observations show Transit Timing Variations (TTVs) on the order of 20 minutes for TOI-836 c, although there are no detectable TTVs for TOI-836 b. The TTVs of planet TOI-836 c may be caused by an undetected exterior planet.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
TOI-836: A super-Earth and mini-Neptune transiting a nearby K-dwarf
We present the discovery of two exoplanets transiting TOI-836 (TIC 440887364)
using data from TESS Sector 11 and Sector 38. TOI-836 is a bright (
mag), high proper motion ( mas yr), low metallicity
([Fe/H]) K-dwarf with a mass of M and a
radius of R. We obtain photometric follow-up
observations with a variety of facilities, and we use these data-sets to
determine that the inner planet, TOI-836 b, is a R
super-Earth in a 3.82 day orbit, placing it directly within the so-called
'radius valley'. The outer planet, TOI-836 c, is a R
mini-Neptune in an 8.60 day orbit. Radial velocity measurements reveal that
TOI-836 b has a mass of M , while TOI-836 c has a mass
of M. Photometric observations show Transit Timing
Variations (TTVs) on the order of 20 minutes for TOI-836 c, although there are
no detectable TTVs for TOI-836 b. The TTVs of planet TOI-836 c may be caused by
an undetected exterior planet
Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data
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