Avaliação Do Estado Nutricional De Pré-Escolares De Classe Sócioeconômica Média E Baixa Da Cidade De Manaus : Estudo Comparativo

An antropometrie study was performed in Manaus-AM, in a sample 216 pre-school children belonging to low and medium socioeconomical classes. The main goal of the study was to compare the nutritional status of this population by weight, height and age, according to the Gomez and Waterlow methods. According to the Gomez method, in the low income class 47,3% of the male and 48,3% on the females had first degree malnutrition and 3.4% on the females had second degree malnutrition. In the medium income class, 16,0% of the males and 10.4% of the female had first degree malnutrition. According to the Waterlow method modified by Batista, 3.3% of the males and 12.5% of the females had recent malnutrition in the low income class. However, in the medium income class 2.1% of the female had past and recent malnutrition. In the low income class, 3.2% of the males and 16.1%of the females presented stunding and in the medium income class only 2.1% of the females presented stunding.Estudo antropométrico foi realizado com 216 pré-escolares pertencentes às classes sócio-econômicas baixa e média da cidade de Manaus-AM. O intuíto do trabalho foi verificar, por meio de uma análise comparativa, o estado nutricional de crianças pertencentes às famílias destas classes. O método antropométrico utilizado foi a determinação de peso, altura e idade, usando-se a classificação de Gomez, Waterlow & Waterlow com modificação de Batista. Feia classificação de Gomez, as crianças de Manaus pertencentes a classe baixa, apresentaram desnutrição de 1ograu, sendo (47,5%) do sexo masculino, (48,3%) do sexo feminino e 3,4% do sexo feminino desnutridos de 2° grau. Na classe média (16,0%) das meninas, apresentaram desnutrição de 1ograu. Utilizando a classificação de Waterlow com a terminologia de Batista, na classe de renda baixa 3,3% dos meninos e 12,5% das meninas apresentaram desnutrição, enquanto que, na classe sócio-econômica média, somente nas meninas (2,1%) encontrou-se desnutrição recente. De acordo com a classificação de Waterlow, na classe sócio-econòmica baixa em 3,2% dos meninos e em 16,1% das meninas foi constatado nanismo e na classe média somente 2,1% das meninas

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Optimization of adsorptive removal of α-toluic acid by CaO2 nanoparticles using response surface methodology

The present work addresses the optimization of process parameters for adsorptive removal of α-toluic acid by calcium peroxide (CaO2) nanoparticles using response surface methodology (RSM). CaO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical precipitation method and confirmed by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) analysis which shows the CaO2 nanoparticles size range of 5–15 nm. A series of batch adsorption experiments were performed using CaO2 nanoparticles to remove α-toluic acid from the aqueous solution. Further, an experimental based central composite design (CCD) was developed to study the interactive effect of CaO2 adsorbent dosage, initial concentration of α-toluic acid, and contact time on α-toluic acid removal efficiency (response) and optimization of the process. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the significance of the individual and the interactive effects of variables on the response. The model predicted response showed a good agreement with the experimental response, and the coefficient of determination, (R2) was 0.92. Among the variables, the interactive effect of adsorbent dosage and the initial α-toluic acid concentration was found to have more influence on the response than the contact time. Numerical optimization of process by RSM showed the optimal adsorbent dosage, initial concentration of α-toluic acid, and contact time as 0.03 g, 7.06 g/L, and 34 min respectively. The predicted removal efficiency was 99.50%. The experiments performed under these conditions showed α-toluic acid removal efficiency up to 98.05%, which confirmed the adequacy of the model prediction