Analisis Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Korban Kekerasan Psikis Terhadap Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga (Studi Putusan Nomor 2192/Pid.Sus/2020/PN.Mdn)

Perlindungan yang diberikan terhadap korban kekerasan psikis Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) sering sekali kurang maksimal dan belum cukup melindungi korban dibandingkan kekerasan fisik, karena dampak bagi korban, dianggap tidak membahayakan. Korban KDRT sering kali tidak terungkap dan para korban takut untuk melaporkan permasalahan tersebut karena biasanya takut dengan ancaman atau karena memiliki anak. Rumusan masalah dalam skripsi ini adalah bagaimanakah perlindungan hukum terhadap korban kekerasan psikis dalam rumah tangga dan bagaimana penerapan hukum Hakim terhadap pelaku kekerasan psikis dalam kekerasan rumah tangga (Studi putusan nomor 2192/Pid.Sus/2020/PN.Mdn). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normative dengan menggunkan pendekatan undang-undang dan studi kasus, serta menggunakan data sekunder berupa dokumen melalui studi kepustakaan dan data tersier yang didapatkan melalui internet. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perlindungan terhadap korban kekerasan psikis diatur dalam Pasal 5, 7, 45, dan Pasal 52 UU KDRT, dimana UU ini sudah melindungi korban. Hakim dalam menerapkan hukum terhadap pelaku kekerasan psikis dalam rumah tangga dalam Putusan nomor 2192/Pid.Sus/2020/PN.Mdn, sudah sesuai dengan Pasal 45 ayat (1) Undang-undang KDRT dengan ancaman pidana 1 tahun. Kata Kunci: Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga, Kekerasan Psikis, Perlindungan Hukum, Korban Kekerasan. / The protection given to victims of psychological violence in Domestic Violence (KDRT) is often less than optimal and not enough to protect victims compared to physical violence, because the impact on victims is considered harmless. Victims of domestic violence are often not exposed and victims are afraid to report these problems because they are usually afraid of threats or because they have children. The formulation of the problem in this thesis is how to apply the law to victims of psychological violence in the household and how to apply Judge's law to perpetrators of psychological violence in domestic violence (Study of verdict number 2192/Pid.Sus/2020/PN.Mdn). This research is a normative juridical research using a statutory approach and obtaining case studies, as well as using secondary data in the form of documents through library research and tertiary data via the internet. The results of the study show that protection for victims of psychological violence is regulated in Articles 5, 7, 45 and Article 52 of the Law on Domestic Violence, where this law already protects victims. The judge in applying the law against the perpetrators of domestic psycho violence in Decision number 2192/Pid.Sus/2020/PN.Mdn, is in. Keywords: Domestic Violence, Psychological Violence, Legal Protection, Victims of Violenc

In search of the authentic nation: landscape and national identity in Canada and Switzerland

While the study of nationalism and national identity has flourished in the last decade, little attention has been devoted to the conditions under which natural environments acquire significance in definitions of nationhood. This article examines the identity-forming role of landscape depictions in two polyethnic nation-states: Canada and Switzerland. Two types of geographical national identity are identified. The first – what we call the ‘nationalisation of nature’– portrays zarticular landscapes as expressions of national authenticity. The second pattern – what we refer to as the ‘naturalisation of the nation’– rests upon a notion of geographical determinism that depicts specific landscapes as forces capable of determining national identity. The authors offer two reasons why the second pattern came to prevail in the cases under consideration: (1) the affinity between wild landscape and the Romantic ideal of pure, rugged nature, and (2) a divergence between the nationalist ideal of ethnic homogeneity and the polyethnic composition of the two societies under consideration

Genome-wide profiling of forum domains in Drosophila melanogaster

Forum domains are stretches of chromosomal DNA that are excised from eukaryotic chromosomes during their spontaneous non-random fragmentation. Most forum domains are 50–200 kb in length. We mapped forum domain termini using FISH on polytene chromosomes and we performed genome-wide mapping using a Drosophila melanogaster genomic tiling microarray consisting of overlapping 3 kb fragments. We found that forum termini very often correspond to regions of intercalary heterochromatin and regions of late replication in polytene chromosomes. We found that forum domains contain clusters of several or many genes. The largest forum domains correspond to the main clusters of homeotic genes inside BX-C and ANTP-C, cluster of histone genes and clusters of piRNAs. PRE/TRE and transcription factor binding sites often reside inside domains and do not overlap with forum domain termini. We also found that about 20% of forum domain termini correspond to small chromosomal regions where Ago1, Ago2, small RNAs and repressive chromatin structures are detected. Our results indicate that forum domains correspond to big multi-gene chromosomal units, some of which could be coordinately expressed. The data on the global mapping of forum domains revealed a strong correlation between fragmentation sites in chromosomes, particular sets of mobile elements and regions of intercalary heterochromatin

Everyday Nationalism:Constructivism for the Masses

Objective: We argue that the "everyday nationalism" approach is both useful and necessary for improving existing constructivist approaches in the comparative study of nationalism and ethnic politics. Methods: A meta-analysis of existing studies reveals pervasive conceptual and methodological problems of contemporary constructivist approaches. We consider the implications of replacing individuals or groups with ethnic or nationalist practices as units of analysis. Results: Everyday nationalism promises to address the gap between constructivist theory and the methodological individualism of existing studies. This approach proceeds from ethnographic observation and utilizes methods reliant on observing societal interaction or relational meaning making for verification. We illustrate such a research strategy using examples of nationalist legitimation in authoritarian regimes and the ethnicization of economic development. Conclusion: The everyday nationalism approach promises to overcome the shortcomings in much contemporary constructivist work. The potential for developing qualitative data sets of nationalist or ethnic practices further promises to complement constructivist insights.</p