Los derechos humanos y el riesgo que causa el agua contaminada del río Moche en Trujillo, Perú

En la presente investigación se examinó  la violación por el Estado Peruano de los derechos humanos a la vida, salud y a un medio ambiente sano de los habitantes de Trujillo, por el riesgo que causa el agua del río Moche contaminada con relaves mineros. Se utilizó como instrumentos fichas  y encuestas; se recorrió partes del rio Moche en Trujillo, Otuzco, Julcan  y Santiago de Chuco para verificar si su contaminación implica  riesgo. Se sustenta  la tesis , “el riesgo que causa el agua del río Moche, contaminada con relaves mineros constituye por parte del Estado Peruano violación de los derechos humanos a la vida, salud y a un medio ambiente sano de los habitantes del Distrito de Trujillo”, porque no toma las medidas preventivas para proteger dichos derechos contra riesgos a pesar de tener conocimiento de dicho riesgo y la obligación implícita que le impone los Instrumentos de derechos humanos y el artículo 1 y 44 de la Constitución Peruana. Se hace necesario, por lo tanto, que se legisle expresamente, la protección implícita contra riesgos, para facilitar que toda persona entienda que si el Estado, injustificadamente no protege los derechos humanos contra riesgos, incurre en violación de dichos derechos.Palabras clave:contaminación del río Moche, relaves mineros, derechos humanos, metales pesados, riesgo a la salud y vida

Yukichis: El rey de los buñuelos

Seminario Desarrollo de Emprendedores. 2013. Carrera CUSE . Docente Lic. Conrado, Roger.Propuesta de empresa manufacturera de buñuelos congelados. Su propósito es ofrecerlo a las madres trabajadoras nicaragüenses que desean ahorrar tiempo, ya que solamente toma unos minutos en hacer y servir a familiares y amigos. El producto es comercializado en paquetes, cada uno conteniendo quince unidades de buñuelos. La empresa planea distribuir su producto en 26 puntos de venta en el área metropolitana del país, a un precio altamente accesible. Yúkichis tiene previsto ampliar sus operaciones para incluir la distribución de buñuelos congelados a supermercados en la región noreste del país

Results on Proton-Irradiated 3D Pixel Sensors Interconnected to RD53A Readout ASIC

Test beam results obtained with 3D pixel sensors bump-bonded to the RD53A prototype readout ASIC are reported. Sensors from FBK (Italy) and IMB-CNM (Spain) have been tested before and after proton-irradiation to an equivalent fluence of about $1$ $\times$ $10^{16}$ $\text{n}_{\text{eq}}$ cm$^{-2}$ (1 MeV equivalent neutrons). This is the first time that one single collecting electrode fine pitch 3D sensors are irradiated up to such fluence bump-bonded to a fine pitch ASIC. The preliminary analysis of the collected data shows no degradation on the hit detection efficiencies of the tested sensors after high energy proton irradiation, demonstrating the excellent radiation tolerance of the 3D pixel sensors. Thus, they will be excellent candidates for the extreme radiation environment at the innermost layers of the HL-LHC experiments.Comment: Conference Proceedings of VCI2019, 15th Vienna Conference of Instrumentation, February 18-22, 2019, Vienna, Austria. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1903.0196

Metallicity in the merger Seyfert galaxy NGC 6240

We have calculated the physical conditions throughout the NLR of the merger Seyfert galaxy NGC 6240 by modelling the observed optical and infrared line ratios. We have found that the optical spectra are emitted by clouds photoionised by the power-law radiation flux from the AGN (or AGNs), and heated mainly by the shock accompanying the propagation of the clouds outwards. The infrared line ratios are emitted from clouds ejected from a starburst which photoionises the gas by the black-body radiation flux corresponding to a stellar colour temperature of about 50,000 K. Both the flux from the AGN and the ionization parameters are low. The most characteristic physical parameters are the relatively high shock velocities (>400 km/s) and low preshock densities (about 40-60 cm-3) of the gas. The C/H, N/H, O/H relative abundances are higher than solar by a factor lower or about 1.5. We suggest that those high relative abundances indicate trapping of H into H2 molecules rather than high metallicities. Adopting an initial grain radius of 1 micron, the dust temperatures calculated in the clouds reached by the power-law radiation flux and by the black-body radiation flux are 81 K and 68 K, respectively.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Electrophysiological Heterogeneity of Fast-Spiking Interneurons: Chandelier versus Basket Cells

In the prefrontal cortex, parvalbumin-positive inhibitory neurons play a prominent role in the neural circuitry that subserves working memory, and alterations in these neurons contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Two morphologically distinct classes of parvalbumin neurons that target the perisomatic region of pyramidal neurons, chandelier cells (ChCs) and basket cells (BCs), are generally thought to have the same "fast-spiking" phenotype, which is characterized by a short action potential and high frequency firing without adaptation. However, findings from studies in different species suggest that certain electrophysiological membrane properties might differ between these two cell classes. In this study, we assessed the physiological heterogeneity of fast-spiking interneurons as a function of two factors: species (macaque monkey vs. rat) and morphology (chandelier vs. basket). We showed previously that electrophysiological membrane properties of BCs differ between these two species. Here, for the first time, we report differences in ChCs membrane properties between monkey and rat. We also found that a number of membrane properties differentiate ChCs from BCs. Some of these differences were species-independent (e.g., fast and medium afterhyperpolarization, firing frequency, and depolarizing sag), whereas the differences in the first spike latency between ChCs and BCs were species-specific. Our findings indicate that different combinations of electrophysiological membrane properties distinguish ChCs from BCs in rodents and primates. Such electrophysiological differences between ChCs and BCs likely contribute to their distinctive roles in cortical circuitry in each species. © 2013 Povysheva et al

A New Era in Extragalactic Background Light Measurements: The Cosmic History of Accretion, Nucleosynthesis and Reionization

(Brief Summary) What is the total radiative content of the Universe since the epoch of recombination? The extragalactic background light (EBL) spectrum captures the redshifted energy released from the first stellar objects, protogalaxies, and galaxies throughout cosmic history. Yet, we have not determined the brightness of the extragalactic sky from UV/optical to far-infrared wavelengths with sufficient accuracy to establish the radiative content of the Universe to better than an order of magnitude. Among many science topics, an accurate measurement of the EBL spectrum from optical to far-IR wavelengths, will address: What is the total energy released by stellar nucleosynthesis over cosmic history? Was significant energy released by non-stellar processes? Is there a diffuse component to the EBL anywhere from optical to sub-millimeter? When did first stars appear and how luminous was the reionization epoch? Absolute optical to mid-IR EBL spectrum to an astrophysically interesting accuracy can be established by wide field imagingat a distance of 5 AU or above the ecliptic plane where the zodiacal foreground is reduced by more than two orders of magnitude.Comment: 7 pages; Science White Paper for the US Astro 2010-2020 Decadal Survey. If interested in further community-wide efforts on this topic please contact the first autho

Probing the near infrared stellar population of Seyfert galaxies

We employ IRTF SpeX NIR (0.8-2.4 microns) spectra to investigate the stellar population (SP), active galactic nuclei (AGN) featureless continuum (FC) and hot dust properties in 9 Sy 1 and 15 Sy 2 galaxies. Both the starlight code and the hot dust as an additional base element were used for the first time in this spectral range. We found evidence of correlation among the equivalent widths (W) Si I 1.59 microns x Mg I 1.58 microns, equally for both kinds of activity. Part of the W{Na I 2.21 microns} and W {CO 2.3 microns} strengths may be related to galaxy inclination. Our synthesis shows significant differences between Sy 1 and Sy 2 galaxies: the hot dust component is required to fit the K-band spectra of ~90% of the Sy 1 galaxies, and only of ~25% of the Sy 2; about 50 % of the Sy 2 galaxies require a $FC$ component contribution >20%, while this fraction increases to 60% in the Sy 1; also, in about 50 % of the Sy2, the combined FC and young components contribute with more than 20%, while this occurs in 90% of the Sy1, suggesting recent star formation in the central region. The central few hundred parsecs of our galaxy sample contain a substantial fraction of intermediate-age SPs with a mean metallicity near solar. Our SP synthesis confirms that the 1.1 micron CN band can be used as a tracer of intermediate-age SPs. The simultaneous fitting of SP, FC and hot dust components increased in ~150% the number of AGNs with hot dust detected and the mass estimated. The NIR emerges as an excellent window to study the stellar population of Sy 1 galaxies, as opposed to the usually heavily attenuated optical range. Our approach opens a new way to investigate and quantify the individual contribution of the three most important NIR continuum components observed in AGNs.Comment: The paper contains 14 figures and 5 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRA

Technical development and feasibility of a reusable vest to integrate cardiovascular magnetic resonance with electrocardiographic imaging

BACKGROUND: Electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) generates electrophysiological (EP) biomarkers while cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging provides data about myocardial structure, function and tissue substrate. Combining this information in one examination is desirable but requires an affordable, reusable, and high-throughput solution. We therefore developed the CMR-ECGI vest and carried out this technical development study to assess its feasibility and repeatability in vivo. METHODS: CMR was prospectively performed at 3T on participants after collecting surface potentials using the locally designed and fabricated 256-lead ECGI vest. Epicardial maps were reconstructed to generate local EP parameters such as activation time (AT), repolarization time (RT) and activation recovery intervals (ARI). 20 intra- and inter-observer and 8 scan re-scan repeatability tests. RESULTS: 77 participants were recruited: 27 young healthy volunteers (HV, 38.9 ± 8.5 years, 35% male) and 50 older persons (77.0 ± 0.1 years, 52% male). CMR-ECGI was achieved in all participants using the same reusable, washable vest without complications. Intra- and inter-observer variability was low (correlation coefficients [rs] across unipolar electrograms = 0.99 and 0.98 respectively) and scan re-scan repeatability was high (rs between 0.81 and 0.93). Compared to young HV, older persons had significantly longer RT (296.8 vs 289.3 ms, p = 0.002), ARI (249.8 vs 235.1 ms, p = 0.002) and local gradients of AT, RT and ARI (0.40 vs 0.34 ms/mm, p = 0,01; 0.92 vs 0.77 ms/mm, p = 0.03; and 1.12 vs 0.92 ms/mm, p = 0.01 respectively). CONCLUSION: Our high-throughput CMR-ECGI solution is feasible and shows good reproducibility in younger and older participants. This new technology is now scalable for high throughput research to provide novel insights into arrhythmogenesis and potentially pave the way for more personalised risk stratification. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Title: Multimorbidity Life-Course Approach to Myocardial Health-A Cardiac Sub-Study of the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD) (MyoFit46). National Clinical Trials (NCT) number: NCT05455125. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05455125?term=MyoFit&draw=2&rank=1

Role of plasma membrane lipid composition on cellular homeostasis: learning from cell line models expressing fatty acid desaturases

Experimental evidence has suggested that plasma membrane (PM)-associated signaling and hence cell metabolism and viability depend on lipid composition and organization. The aim of the present work is to develop a cell model to study the endogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) effect on PM properties and analyze its influence on cholesterol (Chol) homeostasis. We have previously shown that by using a cell line over-expressing stearoyl-CoA-desaturase, membrane composition and organization coordinate cellular pathways involved in Chol efflux and cell viability by different mechanisms. Now, we expanded our studies to a cell model over-expressing both Δ5 and Δ6 desaturases, which resulted in a permanently higher PUFA content in PM. Furthermore, this cell line showed increased PM fluidity, Chol storage, and mitochondrial activity. In addition, human apolipoprotein A-I-mediated Chol removal was less efficient in these cells than in the corresponding control. Taken together, our results suggested that the cell functionality is preserved by regulating PM organization and Chol exportation and homeostasis.Fil: Jaureguiberry, María Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de la Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Tricerri, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de la Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Sanchez, Susana A.. University Of California At Irvine. Laboratory of Fluorescence Dynamics; Estados UnidosFil: Finarelli, Gabriela Sandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de la Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Montanaro, Mauro Aldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de la Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Prieto, Eduardo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de la Plata; ArgentinaFil: Rimoldi, Omar Jorge. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de la Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentin